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- Hinrichsen, F., et al.
(författare)
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Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-4131. ; 33:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hexokinases (HK) catalyze the first step of glycolysis limiting its pace. HK2 is highly expressed in gut epithelium, contributes to immune responses, and is upregulated during inflammation. We examined the microbial regulation of HK2 and its impact on inflammation using mice lacking HK2 in intestinal epithelial cells (Hk2(Delta IEC)). Hk2(Delta IEC) mice were less susceptible to acute colitis. Analyzing the epithelial transcriptome from Hk2(Delta IEC) mice during colitis and using HK2-deficient intestinal organoids and Caco-2 cells revealed reduced mitochondrial respiration and epithelial cell death in the absence of HK2. The microbiota strongly regulated HK2 expression and activity. The microbially derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate repressed HK2 expression via histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and reduced mitochondrial respiration in wild-type but not in HK2-deficient Caco-2 cells. Butyrate supplementation protected wild-type but not Hk2(Delta IEC) mice from colitis. Our findings define a mechanism how butyrate promotes intestinal homeostasis and suggest targeted HK2-inhibition as therapeutic avenue for inflammation.
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- Holder, Shima L., et al.
(författare)
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Solubility and Diffusivity of Polar and Non-Polar Molecules in Polyethylene-Aluminum Oxide Nanocomposites for HVDC Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 13:3, s. 722-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The best commercial high-voltage insulation material of today is (crosslinked) ultra-pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE). A 100-fold decrease in electrical conductivity can be achieved by adding 1–3 wt.% of well-dispersed inorganic nanoparticles to the LDPE. One hypothesis is that the nanoparticle surfaces attract ions and polar molecules, thereby cleaning the surrounding polymer, and thus reducing the conductivity. LDPE-based nanocomposites with 1–12 wt.% octyl-coated aluminum oxide nanoparticles were prepared and the sorption and desorption of one polar compound (acetophenone, a crosslinking by-product) and one non-polar compound of a similar size (limonene) were examined. Since the uptake of acetophenone increased linearly with increasing filler content, whereas the uptake of limonene decreased, the surface attraction hypothesis was strengthened. The analytical functions for predicting composite solubility as a function of particle size and filler fraction were derived using experimental solubility measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.
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- Das, Oisik, et al.
(författare)
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An all-gluten biocomposite : Comparisons with carbon black and pine char composites
- 2019
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Ingår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 120, s. 42-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different charcoals (gluten char, pine bark char and carbon black) were used to rectify certain property disadvantages of wheat gluten plastic. Pyrolysis process of gluten was investigated by analysing the compounds released at different stages. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the gluten char had the highest hardness (ca. 0.5 GPa) and modulus (7.8 GPa) followed by pine bark char and carbon black. The addition of chars to gluten enhanced the indenter-modulus significantly. Among all the charcoals, gluten char was found to impart the best mechanical and water resistant properties. The addition of only 6 wt% gluten char to the protein caused a substantial reduction in water uptake (by 38%) and increase of indenter-modulus (by 1525%). It was shown that it is possible to obtain protein biocomposites where both the filler and the matrix are naturally sourced from the same material, in this case, yielding an all-gluten derived biocomposite.
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