| 1. |
- Abdetedal, Mahsa, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient noise surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone, south-east Iran : Implications for crustal and uppermost mantle structures
- 2015
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Ingår i: Earthquake Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-4519 .- 1867-8777. ; 28:4, s. 235-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seismic ambient noise of surface wave tomography was applied to estimate Rayleigh wave empirical Green’s functions (EGFs) and then to study crust and uppermost mantle structure beneath the Makran region in south-east Iran. 12 months of continuous data from January 2009 through January 2010, recorded at broadband seismic stations, were analyzed. Group velocities of the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave dispersion curves were obtained from the empirical Green’s functions. Multiple-filter analysis was used to plot group velocity variations at periods from 10 to 50 s. Using group velocity dispersion curves, 1-D v S velocity models were calculated between several station pairs. The final results demonstrate significant agreement to known geological and tectonic features. Our tomography maps display low-velocity anomaly with SW-NE trend, comparable with volcanic arc settings of the Makran region which may be attributable to the geometry of Arabian Plate subducting beneath the overriding the Lut block. The northward subducting Arabian Plate is determined by high-velocity anomaly along the Straits of Hormuz. At short periods (<20 s), there is a sharp transition boundary between low- and high-velocity transition zone with the NW trending at the western edge of Makran which is attributable to the Minab fault system.
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| 2. |
- Abdollahi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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3D joint inversion of gravity data and Rayleigh wave group velocities to resolve shear-wave velocity and density structure in the Makran subduction zone, south-east Iran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1367-9120 .- 1878-5786. ; 173, s. 275-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we developed a method to invert jointly Rayleigh wave group velocities and gravity anomalies for velocity and density structure of the lithosphere. We applied the method to the Makran accretionary prism, SE Iran. The reason for using different data sets is that each of these data sets is sensitive to different parameters. Surface wave group velocities are sensitive mainly to shear wave velocity distribution in depth but do not well resolve density variations. Therefore, joint inversion with gravity data increases the resolution of density distribution. Our approach differs from others mainly in the model parameterization: Instead of subdividing the model into a large number of thin layers, we invert for the properties of only four layers: thickness, P- and S-wave velocities and densities and their vertical gradients in sediments, upper-crust, lower-crust and upper mantle. The method is applied first to synthetic models in order to demonstrate its usefulness. We then applied the method to real data to investigate the lithosphere structure beneath the Makran. The resulting model shows that Moho depth increases from Oman Sea (18-33 km) and Makran fore-arc (33-37 km) to the volcanic-arc (44-46 km). The crustal density is high in the Oman Sea as should be expected for the oceanic crust. We also find a high-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle under the Oman Sea corresponding to the subducting slab. The crust under the fore-arc, volcanic-arc and back-arc settings of Makran subduction zone is characterized by low-velocity zones.
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| 3. |
- Abdollahi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Crustal and upper mantle structures of Makran subduction zone, SE Iran by combined surface wave velocity analysis and gravity modeling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 747, s. 191-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves is challenging, because it is non-linear and multimodal. In this study, we develop and test a new Rayleigh wave dispersion curve inversion scheme using the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) algorithm. Incorporating this optimization algorithm into the inverse procedure not only can effectively locate the promising areas in the solution space for a global minimum but also avoids its wandering near the global minimum in the final stage of search. In addition, our approach differs from others in the model parameterization: Instead of subdividing the model into a large number of thin layers, we invert for thickness, velocities and densities and their vertical gradients of four layers, sediments, upper-crust, lower-crust and upper mantle. The proposed inverse procedure is applied to non-linear inversion of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves for shear and compressional wave velocities. At first, to determine the efficiency and stability of the SCE method, two noise-free and two noisy synthetic data sets are inverted. Then real data for Makran region in SE Iran are inverted to examine the usage and robustness of the proposed approach on real surface wave data. In a second step, we applied 3D Gravity Modeling based on surface wave analysis results to obtain the density structure and thickness of each layer. The reason for using both types of data sets, is that gravity anomaly has a bad vertical resolution and surface wave group velocities are good for placing layer limits at depth, but they are not very sensitive to densities. Therefore, using gravity data increases the overall resolution of density distribution. In a final step, we used again the SCE method to invert the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group dispersion curves based on the gravity results. Gravity results like thicknesses and sediment densities have been used to constrain the limit of search space in the SCE method. Results show a high shear and compressional velocity under the Gulf of Oman which reduce to the North of the Makran region. The Moho depth of the Oman Gulf is about 18-28 km and it increases to 46-48 km under the Taftan-Bazman volcanic-arc. The density image shows an average crustal density with maximum values under the Gulf of Oman decreasing northward to the Makran.
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| 4. |
- Amini, Samar, et al.
(författare)
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Fault slip and identification of the second fault plane in the Varzeghan earthquake doublet
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Seismology. - : SPRINGER. - 1383-4649 .- 1573-157X. ; 22:4, s. 815-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An intraplate earthquake doublet, with 11-min delay between the events, devastated the city of Varzeghan in northwestern Iran on August 11, 2012. The first Mw 6.5 strike-slip earthquake, which occurred after more than 200 years of low seismicity, was followed by an Mw 6.4 oblique thrust event at an epicentral separation of about 6 km. While the first event can be associated with a distinct surface rupture, the absence of a surface fault trace and no clear aftershock signature makes it challenging to identify the fault plane of the second event. We use teleseismic body wave inversion to deduce the slip distribution in the first event. Using both P and SH waves stabilize the inversion and we further constrain the result with the surface rupture extent and the aftershock distribution. The obtained slip pattern shows two distinct slip patches with dissimilar slip directions where aftershocks avoid high-slip areas. Using the estimated slip for the first event, we calculate the induced Coulomb stress change on the nodal planes of the second event and find a preference for higher Coulomb stress on the N-S nodal plane. Assuming a simple slip model for the second event, we estimate the combined Coulomb stress changes from the two events on the focal planes of the largest aftershocks. We find that 90% of the aftershocks show increased Coulomb stress on one of their nodal planes when the N-S plane of the second event is assumed to be the correct fault plane.
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| 5. |
- Amini, Samar
(författare)
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Source analysis of multiplet earthquakes (two case studies in Iran)
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multiplet earthquakes are large earthquakes of similar magnitude which occur close in time in the same limited geographical area. They are not common but they considerably increase the potential hazard in the area in which they occur. This thesis studies source properties and triggering mechanisms of two sets of multiplet events in Iran, which both occurred in unexpected areas, but close to some major active fault systems. The first multiplet is an earthquake doublet (Mw 6.5 and Mw 6.4) which occurred in northwestern Iran and caused more than 300 fatalities and significant injuries. In paper I, a teleseismic body-waveform inversion was used to deduce the slip distribution pattern on the fault plane of the first mainshock. The estimated slip pattern was utilized to calculate the Coulomb stress changes on the second fault plane and on the following aftershocks. Based on this analysis, the ambiguity between the primary and auxiliary fault plane of the second mainshock could be resolved. The second set of events is a triplet (Mw 6.1 - 6.0) that occurred in eastern Iran, close to the Kerman province. In paper II, the rupture propagation patterns of the three mainshocks were analyzed using Empirical Green’s Function (EGF) deconvolution. Two different approaches were used: One, the analysis of the azimuthal variation of the apparent rupture duration based on the width of the observed relative source time functions, and the second, the analysis of along-strike rupture directivity by assessing azimuthal variations of the relative amplitude spectra. The second approach was also used to investigate the rupture directivity of the largest aftershocks in the sequence (Mw 5 - 5.5). A clear tendency for rupture propagation towards the northwest was observed for the sequence, which suggests that the regional stress field has a central role in controlling the rupture propagation direction. In paper III, the slip distribution patterns of the triplet earthquakes were analyzed using teleseismic body-waveform inversion, and the similarities and differences in the rupture processes of the three mainshocks were investigated. Using the Coulomb stress analyses, the stress interactions between the mainshocks were examined, leading to identification of the primary and auxiliary planes. Finally, we suggest that the hazard estimates in complex continental regions such as Iran need to consider the probability of multiplets, which might allow a reduction of the seismic risk associated to the occurrence of further large earthquakes subsequent to a devastating earthquake.
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| 6. |
- Amini, Samar, et al.
(författare)
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Tomographic upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the Iranian Plateau
- 2012
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 554-557, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Iranian plateau is one of the most structurally complex and tectonically inhomogeneous regions in the world. In this study, we analyze Pn arrival-times from regional seismicity in order to resolve lateral velocity variations within the uppermost-mantle under the Iranian Plateau. More than 48,000 Pn first arrival times selected from the EHB catalog were used with epicentral distances of 200 to 1600 km. We used regularized isotropic and anisotropic damped least-squares inversion to image lateral velocity variations in the upper mantle. Our velocity model, with high lateral resolution, shows positive anomalies in the Zagros mountain belt with a distinct transition approximately along the Main Zagros Thrust to the lower mantle velocity zone of Central Iran. Anomalously low velocities are observed predominantly beneath NW Iran and eastern Turkey, suggesting a zone of relatively weak mantle. Low velocity region under the Damavand volcano reveals the hot upper mantle beneath the central Alborz mountains.
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| 7. |
- Basir, Hadi Mahdavi, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic wave propagation simulation by reduced order modelling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Exploration Geophysics. - : CSIRO PUBLISHING. - 0812-3985 .- 1834-7533. ; 49:3, s. 386-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wave propagation simulation, as an essential part of many algorithms in seismic exploration, is associated with high computational cost. Reduced order modelling(ROM) is a known technique in many different applications that can reduce the computational cost of simulation by employing an approximation of the model parameters. ROM can be carried out using different algorithms. The method proposed in this work is based on using the most important mode shapes of the model, which can be computed by an efficient numerical method. The numerical accuracy and computational performance of the proposed method were investigated over a simple synthetic velocity model and a portion of the SEG/EAGE velocity model. Different boundary conditions were discussed, and among them the random boundary condition had higher performance for applications like reverse time migration (RTM). The capability of the proposed method for RTM was evaluated and confirmed by the synthetic velocity model of SEG/EAGE. The results showed that the proposed ROM method, compared with the conventional finite element method (FEM), can decrease the computational cost of wave propagation modelling for applications with many simulations like the reverse time migration. Depending on the number of simulations, the proposed method can increase the computational efficiency by several orders of magnitudes.
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| 8. |
- Basir, Hadi Mahdavi, et al.
(författare)
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Modified imaging condition for reverse time migration based on reduction of modelling time
- 2018
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Ingår i: Exploration Geophysics. - : CSIRO PUBLISHING. - 0812-3985 .- 1834-7533. ; 49:4, s. 494-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reverse time migration (RTM) is considered as a high-end imaging algorithm due to its ability to image geologically complex environments. However, this algorithm suffers from very high computational costs and low-frequency artefacts. The former drawback is the result of the intensive computations and huge memory allocation involved in RTM. Wave propagation modelling, as a kernel of RTM, demands intensive computations, and conventional imaging conditions are associated with huge memory allocation. In this paper, a modification of imaging condition is proposed that improves the efficiency of RTM as a reduction of computational cost, memory (RAM) allocation and low-frequency artefacts. The proposed imaging condition is similar to the conventional imaging condition but with the reduction of modelling time to near half the maximum time of recording. As the main idea of the proposed imaging condition, the impact of wave propagation modelling time is investigated on the quality of RTM and illumination of reflectors. The performance of the proposed method is considered using two synthetic models (SEG/EAGE and BP) and a real dataset from an Iranian oilfield in the south of Iran. Results showed that the new imaging condition can properly image the reflectors and enhance the efficiency of RTM. By using the proposed imaging condition, we achieved similar to 25% increase in CPU performance and 50% decrease in the memory allocation. Despite the improvement of the performance, results showed that the proposed imaging condition had no significant effect on the illumination.
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| 9. |
- Basir, Hadi Mandavi, et al.
(författare)
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Reverse time migration by Krylov subspace reduced order modeling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Geophysics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-9851 .- 1879-1859. ; 151, s. 298-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging is a key step in seismic data processing. To date, a myriad of advanced pre-stack depth migration approaches have been developed; however, reverse time migration (RTM) is still considered as the high-end imaging algorithm. The main limitations associated with the performance cost of reverse time migration are the intensive computation of the forward and backward simulations, time consumption, and memory allocation related to imaging condition. Based on the reduced order modeling, we proposed an algorithm, which can be adapted to all the aforementioned factors. Our proposed method benefit from Krylov subspaces method to compute certain mode shapes of the velocity model computed by as an orthogonal base of reduced order modeling. Reverse time migration by reduced order modeling is helpful concerning the highly parallel computation and strongly reduces the memory requirement of reverse time migration. The synthetic model results showed that suggested method can decrease the computational costs of reverse time migration by several orders of magnitudes, compared with reverse time migration by finite element method.
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| 10. |
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