| 1. |
- Siepielski, Adam M., et al.
(författare)
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Precipitation drives global variation in natural selection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 355:6328, s. 959-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has the potential to affect the ecology and evolution of every species on Earth. Although the ecological consequences of climate change are increasingly well documented, the effects of climate on the key evolutionary process driving adaptation-natural selection-are largely unknown. We report that aspects of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, along with the North Atlantic Oscillation, predicted variation in selection across plant and animal populations throughout many terrestrial biomes, whereas temperature explained little variation. By showing that selection was influenced by climate variation, our results indicate that climate change may cause widespread alterations in selection regimes, potentially shifting evolutionary trajectories at a global scale.
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| 2. |
- Siepielski, Adam M, et al.
(författare)
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Response to Comment on "Precipitation drives global variation in natural selection"
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 359:6374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comment by Myers-Smith and Myers focuses on three main points: (i) the lack of a mechanistic explanation for climate-selection relationships, (ii) the appropriateness of the climate data used in our analysis, and (iii) our focus on estimating climate-selection relationships across (rather than within) taxonomic groups. We address these critiques in our response.
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| 3. |
- Caruso, Christina M., et al.
(författare)
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What Are the Environmental Determinants of Phenotypic Selection? : A Meta-analysis of Experimental Studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 190:3, s. 363-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although many selection estimates have been published, the environmental factors that cause selection to vary in space and time have rarely been identified. One way to identify these factors is by experimentally manipulating the environment and measuring selection in each treatment. We compiled and analyzed selection estimates from experimental studies. First, we tested whether the effect of manipulating the environment on selection gradients depends on taxon, trait type, or fitness component. We found that the effect of manipulating the environment was larger when selection was measured on life-history traits or via survival. Second, we tested two predictions about the environmental factors that cause variation in selection. We found support for the prediction that variation in selection is more likely to be caused by environmental factors that have a large effect on mean fitness but not for the prediction that variation is more likely to be caused by biotic factors. Third, we compared selection gradients from experimental and observational studies. We found that selection varied more among treatments in experimental studies than among spatial and temporal replicates in observational studies, suggesting that experimental studies can detect relationships between environmental factors and selection that would not be apparent in observational studies.
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| 4. |
- Edelaar, Pim, et al.
(författare)
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Matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow : A neglected dimension in evolution and ecology
- 2008
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Ingår i: Evolution. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 62, s. 2462-2472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene flow among populations is typically thought to be antagonistic to population differentiation and local adaptation. However,this assumes that dispersing individuals disperse randomly with respect to their ability to use the environment. Yet dispersingindividuals often sample and compare environments and settle in those environments that best match their phenotype, causingdirected gene flow, which can in fact promote population differentiation and adaptation. We refer to this process as “matchinghabitat choice.” Although this process has been acknowledged by several researchers, no synthesis or perspective on its potentiallywidespread importance exists. Here we synthesize empirical and theoretical studies, and offer a new perspective that matchinghabitat choice can have significant effects on important and controversial topics. We discuss the potential implications of matchinghabitat choice for the degree and rate of local adaptation, the evolution of niche width, adaptive peak shifts, speciation in thepresence of gene flow, and on our view and interpretation of measures of natural selection. Because of its potential importance forsuch a wide range of topics, we call for heightened empirical and theoretical attention for this neglected dimension in evolutionaryand ecological studies.
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| 5. |
- Gómez-Llano, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental variation shapes and links parasitism to sexual selection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Ecology. - : Springer. - 0269-7653 .- 1573-8477. ; 37:4, s. 585-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parasite-driven population divergence in hosts can be exacerbated by environmental factors affecting host parasitism, as well as by increasing sexual selection against parasitized hosts. Environmental factors can influence parasitism directly by affecting parasite survival, and indirectly by affecting host condition, which can in turn shape host sexual selection. To disentangle these potential alternative paths, we used a damselfly (host) - water mite (parasite) system to examine how environmental factors directly and indirectly drive heterogeneity in parasitism across populations and influence the strength of sexual selection acting against parasitized males. We found substantial heterogeneity in parasitism across populations, driven mainly by lake pH, and damselfly density. Although this heterogeneity in parasitism did not translate directly into variation in sexual selection, the density of predatory fish increased sexual selection strength, likely through the effects on damselfly condition. These results imply that parasitism alone may not cause differences in sexual selection across populations, but when linked with underlying environmental conditions, parasitism can increase the strength of selection. More broadly, these results suggest that elucidating how parasitism may drive sexual selection requires consideration of the intwined effects of ecological processes.
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| 6. |
- Gómez-Llano, Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between fitness components across the life cycle constrain competitor coexistence
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 92:12, s. 2297-2308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous mechanisms can promote competitor coexistence. Yet, these mechanisms are often considered in isolation from one another. Consequently, whether multiple mechanisms shaping coexistence combine to promote or constrain species coexistence remains an open question.Here, we aim to understand how multiple mechanisms interact within and between life stages to determine frequency-dependent population growth, which has a key role stabilizing local competitor coexistence.We conducted field experiments in three lakes manipulating relative frequencies of two Enallagma damselfly species to evaluate demographic contributions of three mechanisms affecting different fitness components across the life cycle: the effect of resource competition on individual growth rate, predation shaping mortality rates, and mating harassment determining fecundity. We then used a demographic model that incorporates carry-over effects between life stages to decompose the relative effect of each fitness component generating frequency-dependent population growth.This decomposition showed that fitness components combined to increase population growth rates for one species when rare, but they combined to decrease population growth rates for the other species when rare, leading to predicted exclusion in most lakes.Because interactions between fitness components within and between life stages vary among populations, these results show that local coexistence is population specific. Moreover, we show that multiple mechanisms do not necessarily increase competitor coexistence, as they can also combine to yield exclusion. Identifying coexistence mechanisms in other systems will require greater focus on determining contributions of different fitness components across the life cycle shaping competitor coexistence in a way that captures the potential for population-level variation.
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