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| 2. |
- Asplund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Information Infrastructures : Cooperation in Disasters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Critical Information Infrastructure Security. - Berlin : Springer. - 9783642035517 ; , s. 258-270
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disasters are characterised by their devastating effect on human lives and the society’s ability to function. Unfortunately, rescue operations and the possibility to re-establish a working society after such events is often hampered by the lack of functioning communication infrastructures. This paper describes the challenges ahead in creating new communication networks to support post-disaster operations, and sets them in the context of the current issues in protection of critical infrastructures. The analysis reveals that while there are some common concerns there are also fundamental differences. The paper serves as an overview of some promising research directions and pointers to existing works in these areas.
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| 3. |
- Asplund, Mikael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging Information Infrastructures : Cooperation in Disasters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Critical Information Infrastructure Security. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642035517 - 9783642035524 ; , s. 258-270
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we describe how to include high level semantic information, such as aesthetics and emotions; into Content Based Image Retrieval. We present a, color-based emotion-related image descriptor that can be used for describing the emotional content of images. The color emotion metric used is derived from psychophysical experiments rind based oil three variables: activity, weight and teat. It was originally designed for single-colors, bill, recent research has shown that the salve emotion estimates call be applied in the retrieval of multi-colored images. Here we describe a new approach, based oil the assumption that perceived color emotions in images are mainly affected by homogenous regions, defined by the emotion metric; and transitions between regions. RGB coordinates are converted to emotion coordinates, mid for each emotion channel, statistical measurements of gradient magnitudes within a. stack of low-pass filtered images are used for finding interest; points corresponding to homogeneous regions and transitions between regions. Emotion characteristics are derived for patches surrounding cacti interest, point, and saved in a, bag-of-emotions; that for instance, can be used for retrieving images based oil emotional content.
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| 4. |
- Boschetti, Nicolò, et al.
(författare)
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A Hybrid Space Architecture for Robust and Resilient Satellite Services
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350341386 - 9798350341379 ; , s. 114-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 'hybrid space architecture' has been proposed to facilitate robust and resilient satellite data downlink, integration and analysis; however, the technical details for what may comprise a hybrid space architecture are severely lacking. Thus far, 'hybrid' principally entails the diversity of commercial providers. While diverse suppliers can contribute to hybrid space architectures, we argue that robustness and resilience will only be achieved through heterogeneous network and asset architectures. A connected satellite services ecosystem composed of the union of different networks with different characteristics would limit single points of failure, thereby generating high levels of redundancy, resilience and scalability. This research outlines parameters of a hybrid space architecture, documents satellite service reference architectures and provides a comparative analysis of the features for each architecture. Further, through a case study of existing satellite service providers, we propose how a hybrid space architecture could be piloted in Northern Europe and the High North.
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| 5. |
- Boschetti, Nicolò, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial Space Risk Framework Assessing the Satellite Ground Station Security Landscape for NATO in the Arctic and High North
- 2022
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Ingår i: 40th IEEE Military Communications Conference, Rockville, MD, USA, November 28 - December 2, 2022.. - : IEEE. - 9781665485357 - 9781665485340 ; , s. 679-686
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Satellite ground stations in the Arctic and High North are of strategic importance to NATO, given their ability to collect intelligence from space assets in polar Earth orbit. Commercial space infrastructure such as ground systems are increasingly dual-use, employed for both civilian and defense purposes. Their dual-use could cause them to become military targets. As such, commercial operators must strategically consider ground station placement to optimize for utility, while accounting for their security risk. This research presents a frame-work to assess the commercial satellite ground station security landscape by outlining security and performance tradeoffs given geographic location, including proximity to potential adversaries, and designates eight separate risk regions. Particularly, Sweden's and Finland's space infrastructure is of focus given their recent application to join NATO in the wake of Russian aggression. The paper concludes that, to secure ground stations and the assets and services that they enable, a comprehensive risk evaluation including positioning of ground stations is critical.
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| 6. |
- Boschetti, Nicolò, et al.
(författare)
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Ground Station as a Service Reference Architectures and Cyber Security Attack Tree Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665490320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the Ground Station as a Service (GSaaS) paradigm transforms space infrastructure operations, new attack surface emerges for malicious actors. While the space community generally refers to GSaaS as a singular model, there are several flavors of these systems. After a description of the general GSaaS network's basic structure, this paper presents an analysis of four reference architectures of GSaaS. On the basis of this systems engineering analysis, a cybersecurity analysis of the critical nodes will be carried out through the attack tree method. Later the cybersecurity implication both of technical and strategic characteristic of GSaaS networks will be discussed and put in relation with the current state of space cyberwarfare landscape.
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| 7. |
- Franke, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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What can we learn from enterprise architecture models? : An experiment comparing models and documents for capability development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Software and Systems Modeling. - : Springer. - 1619-1366 .- 1619-1374. ; 17:2, s. 695-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enterprise architecture (EA) has been established as a discipline to cope with the complex interactions of business operations and technology. Models, i.e., formal descriptions in terms of diagrams and views, are at the heart of the approach. Though it is widely thought that such architecture models can contribute to improved understanding and decision making, this proposition has not rigorously been tested. This article describes an experiment conducted with a real EA model and corresponding real traditional documents, investigating whether the model or the documents lead to better and faster understanding. Understanding is interesting to study, as it is a prerequisite to other EA uses. The subjects (N = 98) were officer cadets, and the experiment was carried out using a comprehensive description of military Close Air Support capability either (1) in the form of a MODAF model or (2) in the form of traditional documents. Based on the results, the model seems to lead to better, though not faster, understanding.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Papering Over the Cracks : The Effects of Introducing Best Practices on the Web Security Ecosystem
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 30th International Conference on Information Networking. - : IEEE. - 9781509017256 - 9781509017249 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the de facto standard for secure end-to-end web communication. However, numerous flaws discovered during recent years, such as Apple’s “goto fail” bug, and cryptographic weaknesses as illustrated by the Poodlebleed vulnerability, have brought the efficiency of the mostly self-regulated web security market into question. In this cross-disciplinary paper, the authors survey some 160.000 HTTPS-enabled servers among popular web sites over a time period of three years. The research question is what effect the introduction of best practices and vulnerability publication have on web server security in the form of protocol support. Main findings include that (i) insecure configurations, although well known, can remain widespread for over a decade, (ii) the introduction of best practices affect the decline of insecure configurations only moderately, whereas highly publicized security flaws have a significant impact, and (iii) economic incentives for website owners to provide secure services are weak, motivating such other levers of influence as legislation or blocking of noncompliant sites.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Towards econometric estimation of the cost of cyber conflict
- 2024
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Ingår i: 28th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems (KES 2024). - Amsterdam.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the modern era, understanding the costs and implications of conflict extends beyond traditional kinetic boundaries into the cyber realm. While economic analysis has historically been concerned primarily with the state’s ability to sustain and engage in physical warfare, recent research has begun to quantify the additional societal and collateral costs. To shed light on the total costs of the use of cyber weapons and capabilities, we argue that a comprehensive analysis must be done using econometric tools. This paper describes two important tools in this toolkit, counterfactual analysis and bottom-up accounting, in the context of cyber conflict. It discusses how significant collateral costs manifest in the inadvertent aftermath of vulnerability stockpiling for use in cyber weapons, coupled with the losses and thefts of these resources. Such incidents represent not only a direct financial burden but also erode the trust and goodwill of nations who do not disclose the discovered vulnerabilities. Finally, multiple data sources and bottom-up accounting techniques are used to conduct a case study estimating the aggregate societal cost of cyber conflict in the Ukrainian war between late 2013 and 2020. The aggregate cost of the 76 recorded cyberattacks is estimated to be approximately $160M. Finally, counterfactual analysis is concluded to face significant data availability challenges preventing high quality synthesis of the two methods described.
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