| 1. |
- Boson, Karin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI): Psychometric Properties of Multi-Informant Ratings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 30:4, s. 550-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (PsycINFO Database Record © 2017 APA, all rights reserved). The aims of the study were (a) to establish norms for the Swedish child self-report and caregiver rating versions of the Junior and Temperament Character Inventory (JTCI) among young adolescents, (b) to investigate its psychometric properties, and © to investigate congruence between children's self-reports and caregivers' ratings of a child's personality. The sample was a general population of 1,046 children ages 12-14 years and 654 caregivers. The JTCI was found to be reliable on all dimensions except Persistence in the child self-report version. Caregivers rated their own children's personalities as more mature than did the children themselves. Caregivers especially overestimated their daughters' self-reported capabilities for self-acceptance and self-efficacy and might have underestimated their daughters' need for emotional support. This highlights the importance of including the child's self-report on personality in both research and clinical assessments. The results also support the importance of age- and gender-separated norms.
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| 2. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-
(författare)
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Personality and its complexity : An investigation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In former days the descriptions of personality were based on typologies, reflecting the view that people do not change over time and so have a stable, life-long personality type. Later on exclusive categories were created, but during recent times the understanding of personality has changed due to more dimensional and dynamic thinking.Cloninger’s personality theory integrates concepts and research findings from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology of behavior and learning, and from developmental, social and clinical psychology. It is postulated that the behavioural systems of temperament and character are related to two major neural systems for the adaptation of experiences on various levels. The continuous interaction between temperament and character affects the personality development in both directions; temperament impacts upon character and vice versa during life.The development of the TCI was founded on the development of the biosocial theory of personality, which in turn stimulated the further development of the theory. Unfortunately this theory-based approach is not commonly used in the development of personality measurements. The development of a personality questionnaire on the basis of the theory must be viewed as a significant challenge, and this prompted my interest in dealing with and learning more about this personality assessment method.The objectives of this thesis were a critical evaluation of Cloninger’s theory; a test of its applicability in psychiatric science; and an attempt to contribute to its development.The main findings of our investigations can be described as follows:The adaptation of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was successful and the seven factor structure of Cloninger’s biopsychological theory of personality theory was mainly confirmed by the Swedish normative data and by cross-cultural comparisons between data from Germany, Sweden and the U.S.A.The results concerning internal consistency and factor structure further underline that the adult version of the TCI is unsuitable for use in adolescents before age of 17 years. For the adolescents the junior TCI is recommended.Furthermore temperament dimensions seem to be more stable over time compared to the character dimensions. The gender and age differences found suggest that both have to be taken into account in research and clinical application.The results from our studies suggested that the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has to be evaluated as a useful tool within the process of validation of diagnosis of a Personality Disorder (PD), especially in clinical practice where it is often difficult to recognise all a patient’s personality disturbances during a short time. Use of the TCI is likely to improve understanding, classification, and subsequently the interpretations in clinical settings.
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| 3. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 1998
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 39:3, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales. Further, the Swedish inventory had a reliable factor structure and test-retest performance. The results of this study confirm the theory of temperament and character as a seven-factor model of personality.
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| 4. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) : A Cross-Validation of Age and Gender Influences
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TCI can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 5. |
- Brändström, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Göttingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TO can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 6. |
- Dolinska, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Bone Marrow Niche in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Identifies CXCL14 as a New Therapeutic Option
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 142:1, s. 73-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they often fail to eradicate the leukemia-initiating stem cells (LSCs), causing disease persistence and relapse. Evidence indicates that LSC persistence may be because of bone marrow (BM) niche protection; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we molecularly and functionally characterize BM niches in patients with CML at diagnosis and reveal the altered niche composition and function in these patients. Long-term culture initiating cell assay showed that the mesenchymal stem cells from patients with CML displayed an enhanced supporting capacity for normal and CML BM CD34+CD38- cells. Molecularly, RNA sequencing detected dysregulated cytokine and growth factor expression in the BM cellular niches of patients with CML. Among them, CXCL14 was lost in the BM cellular niches in contrast to its expression in healthy BM. Restoring CXCL14 significantly inhibited CML LSC maintenance and enhanced their response to imatinib in vitro, and CML engraftment in vivo in NSG-SGM3 mice. Importantly, CXCL14 treatment dramatically inhibited CML engraftment in patient-derived xenografted NSG-SGM3 mice, even to a greater degree than imatinib, and this inhibition persisted in patients with suboptimal TKI response. Mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulated inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulated mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. Together, we have discovered a suppressive role of CXCL14 in CML LSC growth. CXCL14 might offer a treatment option targeting CML LSCs.
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| 7. |
- Dolinska, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the bone marrow niche in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia identifies CXCL14 as a new therapeutic option
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 142:1, s. 73-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), they often fail to eradicate the leukemia-initiating stem cells (LSCs), causing disease persistence and relapse. Evidence indicates that LSC persistence may be because of bone marrow (BM) niche protection; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we molecularly and functionally characterize BM niches in patients with CML at diagnosis and reveal the altered niche composition and function in these patients. Long -term culture initiating cell assay showed that the mesenchymal stem cells from patients with CML displayed an enhanced supporting capacity for normal and CML BM CD34+CD38- cells. Molecularly, RNA sequencing detected dysregulated cytokine and growth factor expression in the BM cellular niches of patients with CML. Among them, CXCL14 was lost in the BM cellular niches in contrast to its expression in healthy BM. Restoring CXCL14 significantly inhibited CML LSC maintenance and enhanced their response to imatinib in vitro, and CML engraftment in vivo in NSG-SGM3 mice. Importantly, CXCL14 treatment dramatically inhibited CML engraftment in patient-derived xenografted NSG-SGM3 mice, even to a greater degree than imatinib, and this inhibition persisted in patients with suboptimal TKI response. Mechanistically, CXCL14 upregulated inflammatory cytokine signaling but downregulated mTOR signaling and oxidative phosphorylation in CML LSCs. Together, we have discovered a suppressive role of CXCL14 in CML LSC growth. CXCL14 might offer a treatment option targeting CML LSCs.
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| 8. |
- Engström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar disorder I. Temperament and character
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 82:1, s. 131-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The nature of the relationship between personality and bipolar affective disorders is an important but unanswered question. Methods: We have studied personality in bipolar patients by using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). TCI were administered to 100 euthymic bipolar patients and 100 controls from the normal population.Results: Bipolar patients were significantly higher in harm avoidance (HA) and lower in reward dependence (RD), self-directedness (SD), and cooperativeness (CO) than controls. Bipolar patients are more fatigable, less sentimental, more independent, less purposeful, less resourceful, less empathic, less helpful, less pure-hearted, and have less impulse control than controls. Bipolar II patients are more impulsive, more fatigable, less resourceful, and have less impulse control than bipolar I patients.Limitations: Our results are limited to euthymic bipolar patients and cannot be generalized to affective disorders.Conclusions: Even when clinically euthymic on lithium maintenance, bipolar patients continue to have a characteristic cognitive deficit. This is in agreement with cognitive theories about cognitive deficits in depression that are regarded as important vulnerability factors in mood disorders.
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| 9. |
- Engström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar disorder. III : harm avoidance a risk factor for suicide attempts
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bipolar Disorders. - Copenhagen : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 1398-5647 .- 1399-5618. ; 6:2, s. 130-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine whether personality, i.e. temperament and character influence suicide attempts in bipolar patients.Methods: Bipolar patients were recruited from lithium dispensaries. Temperament and character inventory (TCI) was administered to 100 euthymic bipolar patients and 100 controls.Results: Age of onset was significantly lower in patients with suicide attempts in the total bipolar group (I and II) and bipolar I patients compared with patients without suicide attempts. Bipolar (I and II) and bipolar I patients with suicide attempts were significantly higher in harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence compared with patients without suicide attempts. Patients (I and II) with suicide attempts had significantly more anticipatory worry, fatigability and asthenia than patients without suicide attempts. Bipolar I patients with suicide attempts had significantly more fatigability and asthenia and were more dependent than patients without suicide attempts. HA was lowest in patients with no suicide attempts and no family history of suicide, higher in patients with family history of suicide or patients with suicide attempts, and significantly highest in patients with suicide attempts and family history of suicide. Patients with suicide attempts and family history of suicide had more anticipatory worry, fatigability and asthenia. Bipolar disorder was significantly correlated to HA and suicide attempts to HA and PS. Family history of suicide and gender were significantly correlated to suicide attempts.Conclusions: Age of onset, HA, PS, gender and family history of suicide had a moderate to very strong effect on suicide attempts in bipolar patients.
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| 10. |
- Sigvardsson, Sören, 1936-
(författare)
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Alcohol abuse and criminality : a cross-fostering study of gene-environment interaction
- 1982
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subjects consists of all persons born out of wedlock in Stockholm during the years 1930 through 1949 and who were placed in non-related adoptive homes by the age of three years (N = 1 753, or 862 men and 913 women).Data are obtained from official records.Results. Alcohol abuse cannot be regarded as a homogeneous trait distributed in the population according to one single dimension — severity. Rather two types of alcohol abuse was demonstrated in this cohort. Type 1 abuse, accounting for about 75 % of registered abuse covered the entire range from mild to severe abuse. Provided that there was a genetic predisposition to that type of abuse, the severity in expression was mainly determined by environmental factors. Type 2 abuse, on the other hand, was highly heritable over the entire range of social backgrounds. Given the predisposition to that type of abuse, the risk was increased ninefold in the adopted away sons regardless of postnatal influences.There were clear sex-differences concerning alcohol abuse. Type 1 abuse was common in both men and women whereas type 2 abuse was transmitted primarily from fathers to sons. Also as regards type 1 abuse, men and women reacted differently to postnatal stress.Different genetic and environmental antecedents influenced the development of criminality depending on whether or not there was associated alcohol abuse. The analyses indicated that most registered criminality, especially severe and recidivistic forms, were secondary to alcohol abuse.Adoptees registered for criminality but not for alcohol abuse had usually committed only a small number of petty offences. Their biological parents were also characterized by petty criminality and little alcohol abuse.In conclusion, the results demonstrated genetic heterogeneity, sex-specificity, and heterogeneity in postnatal antecedents in the development of alcohol abuse and criminality. This means that unittary definitions and models of alcohol abuse and criminality have outlived their utility. In the case of alcohol abuse a first prerequisite is an inborn ability to drink to such an extent that it gives rise to social or medical problems. Apparently, not all people seem to have this ability. All evidence indicates that genetic factors play an important role in this inability. Secondly, among those people who are able to drink alcoholic beverages there may be genetically determined differences, for instance, some people may be more prone to develop dependence than others.Implications. Alcohol abuse can indirectly be prented by changing environmental conditions that increase the risk. Any plans, however, that are directly aimed at decreasing alcohol abuse must primarily focus on the reduction of the distribution and consumption of alcohol as well as on changes in drinking habits. Concerning criminality, the only implication that seems to be firmly warranted is that prevention of alcohol abuse will result in a reduction of criminality, especially of recurrent and severe forms. If genetic factors can indeed be shown contribute to liability to criminality, the ancient and venerable jurisprudence of society, resting on the concept of penalty and penance, will appear utterly out- of-date and primitive.
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