| 1. |
- Andersen, Paul Krüger, et al.
(författare)
-
Response to the Proposal for a Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence by Nordic and Baltic Company Law Scholars
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On February 23, 2022, The EU Commission published its Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 (“CSDDD” or “the Proposal”). The purpose of the Proposal, to further the “Union’s transition to a climate-neutral and green economy in line with the European Green Deal and in delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals”, is of great importance, and the Commission’s initiative is therefore commendable. However, it is our firm opinion that the Proposal should not be enacted in its present form, and that if it were to be, it would not only damage European businesses but also run the risk of having an adverse effect on both the transition to a climate-neutral economy as well as the goal of delivering on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This is to a large extent because many of the Proposal’s provisions are excessive, unfounded and disproportionate and as such in violation of the fundamental principles of subsidiarity and proportionality safeguarded by Art. 5 TEU as well as having a questionable basis in Art. 50 TFEU. Furthermore and in regard of procedure, we find that the presentation of the Proposal by the Commission represents a disregard for the principles of better regulation that should not pass unnoticed and must be observed in the future to maintain trust in the legislative process of the Union.In this response to the consultation, we have presented an analysis of the key issues of the Proposal from a corporate governance perspective. We have divided the response into two parts: one on the pure corporate governance parts of the Proposal (article 15, 25 and 26) and one of the due diligence parts of the Proposal. With regards to the corporate governance parts of the Proposal, our conclusion is that they, by and large, should not be included in the proposed directive at all. Including them would in several ways be in breach of the EU principles on subsidiarity and proportionality, but perhaps more importantly, they are not only unsubstantiated by available empirical evidence on corporate behaviour, but also refuted by what we know. There is also good reason to believe that the proposed rules on director’s duties and environmental remuneration would risk decreasing the effectiveness of the stock markets within the EU contrary to the goal of a Capital Market Union, which also risk slowing down the necessary transition to a green economy and the goals of the EU Green Deal. The regulation necessary for the Capital Market Union and the EU Green Deal should complement each other, not collide as would be the outcome if the Proposal is adopted in its present form.With regards to the due diligence parts of the Proposal, our criticism is limited to corporate governance aspects and far less fundamental. We primarily believe that grounds for harmonisation needs further consideration in the present very challenging times, that Article 22 on Civil Liability might in several ways be counter-productive to the goals of the Proposal, that the effects on SMEs as well as for the financial companies included covered by the Proposal warrants further analysis, that the choice to focus the Proposal on individual companies instead of company groups needs to be reviewed, and that a risk based approach should be taken rather than an approach were companies are unable to focus their efforts to where they can be most effective. Overall, these issues can be worked out, but if they are not, then the proposed directive would not only have a severe adverse impact on EU companies and possibly capital markets, but might actually hinder EU companies from acting in the way that the Proposal aims for them to do.This joint response to the public consultation is made by a group of Nordic and Baltic company law scholars who, although we may not agree on every detail, do share the main arguments and grave concerns expressed here.
|
|
| 2. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Parental distress rating at the child’s age of 15 years predicts probable mental diagnosis : a three‑year follow‑up
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental health in adolescence is an increasing global public health concern. Over half of all mental disorders debut by 14 years of age and remain largely untreated up to adulthood, underlining the significance of early detection. The study aimed to investigate whether parental distress rating at the child's age of 15 predicts a probable mental diagnosis in a three-year follow-up.Methods: All data was derived from the Finnish Family Competence (FFC) Study. The analysis focused on whether parental CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) rating (n = 441) at the child's age of 15 years predicted the outcome of the child's standardised DAWBA (Development and Well-Being Assessment) interview at offspring's 18 years.Results: Multivariable analysis showed that a one-unit increase in the total CBCL scores increased the relative risk of a DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3% (RR [95% CI] 1.03 [1.02-1.04], p < 0.001).Conclusions: Parental CBCL rating in a community sample at the adolescent's age of 15 contributes to early identification of adolescents potentially at risk and thus benefitting from early interventions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Carlén, Kristina
(författare)
-
Predictors of mental health in adolescents - with a salutogenic perspective
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mental health in adolescence is an increasing public health concern. Over half of all mental disorders debut by 14 years of age and remain largely untreated up to adulthood, which underlines the importance of early detection. Mental health is a complex concept that consists of both mental well-being and mental ill-health (including mental health problems and mental disorders). However, the development of mental health during the transition period from childhood to adulthood is dependent on the coping strategies used to meet everyday stressors. Therefore, the framework is salutogenic, looking at the world from a resource perspective to promote mental well-being. However, finding predictors also include identifying risk factors of mental ill-health.The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate predictors of mental health in adolescents from a longitudinal perspective. The Finnish Family Competence (FFC) study was used with adolescents at 15 years of age and their parents, with a follow-up at 18 years of age. Also, Swedish data material was used, The Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) with adolescents at 12-13 years and a follow-up at 17 years. In sub-studies I, II, and III the outcome was a probable mental health diagnosis determined by a standardised Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA) interview. In sub-study IV the outcome was perceived mental health status (MHS).The results showed that a strong sense of coherence was associated with a decreased risk for subsequent mental disorders (sub-study I) and that self-esteem was negatively associated with future mental well-being (sub[1]study IV). Further, low levels of mental health problems reported by the adolescents (sub-study II) or by their parents (sub-study III) were related to a decreased risk for subsequent mental disorders. There was a gender aspect that affected the results and which showed girls as having more internal mental health problems or mental disorders. Other factors indicating an increased risk of mental ill-health were parental low age at childbirth and socioeconomic factors such as the mother’s low educational level, father’s blue-collar profession, and a poor economic situation in the family.The results from this thesis underline the importance of having a salutogenic approach when dealing with mental health in adolescence to identify coping resources for stressors in Antonovsky’s ‘River of Life’. The school might be an arena for creating interventions with a resource perspective for strengthening a sense of coherence and self-esteem, and for alleviating perceived mental health problems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis 3 years later among girls, but what about the boys?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1753-2000. ; 16:1, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference in prevalence, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Early detection of mental disorders is essential for successful treatment, which is not always happening. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports predict probable mental diagnosis as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences. Methods: Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (range 3–110, n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later. Results: One unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the findings applied, particularly to girls. Conclusions: Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly in girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
|
|
| 5. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis among girls, but what about the boys?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Population Medicine. - : European Publishing. - 2654-1459 .- 2654-1459. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Adolescents’ mental health is a public health concern. The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Therefore, early detection of mental disorders is essential. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports of mental health problems predict probable mental diagnoses as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences. Methods: Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later. Results: Recently published Results (Carlén et al., 2022) showed that one unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the Findings applied, particularly to girls. Conclusions: Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly for girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
|
|
| 6. |
- Falck, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuromuskulaaritaudit
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Lasten neurologia. - : Kustannus Oy Duodecim, Helsinki. - 951656058X ; , s. 391-419
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Forsgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Natural course of epilepsies
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Epilepsy. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 643-661
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of the natural course of epilepsies is mostly based on treated epilepsies. Life expectancy is shorter than expected in people with epilepsy, whose risk for death is approximately threefold higher than in the general population. Two-thirds to three-fourths of surviving people will attain seizure freedom with or without medication. Remission is significantly associated with organic brain damage and associated disabilities and the features of seizure disorder. Owing to both medical and social disability and stigmatization, patients who have epilepsy are in many respects socially disadvantaged. Absent or low basic and subsequent low vocational education result in unemployability, or employment status which is lower than expected on the basis of vocational education. The future of social life is endangered even among patients in seizure remission off medications. However, the social prognosis is highly dependent on individual features of seizure disorder, comorbidity, social environment, family support, and the genuine personality of the subject. Normal intelligence, onset of epilepsy at age older than 6 years, and good vocational education predict employment which, associated with absence of seizures and having offspring, predicts lasting employment into middle age.
|
|
| 9. |
- Laurell, Katarina, 1967-
(författare)
-
Headache in Schoolchildren : Epidemiology, Pain Comorbidity and Psychosocial Factors
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Headache is the most frequently reported pain in children and is associated with missed schooldays, anxiety, depressive symptoms and various physical symptoms. A secular trend of increasing headache prevalence has been suggested. Few studies have focused on tension-type headache among children from the general population. The aims of this thesis were to describe the prevalence, incidence and prognosis of tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache in schoolchildren, to identify medical, psychological and social factors associated with these headache types, and to determine whether the prevalence of headache has increased over the last decades.In 1997, 1850 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years from the city of Uppsala participated in a questionnaire study and 1371 (74.1%) responded. Out of these, a randomly selected, stratified sample of 131 children and their parents were interviewed. Three years later, 122 children from the interview sample replied to an identical headache questionnaire.Compared with a similar study in 1955, a significantly lower proportion of schoolchildren reported no headache. The prevalence of tension-type headache increased with age and was significantly higher in girls than boys after the age of twelve. Similar age and gender differences were obtained for migraine. A higher proportion of girls reported frequent headache than boys. Children with headache, especially those with migraine, as well as their first-degree relatives suffered from other pains and physical symptoms more frequently than headache-free children and their first-degree relatives. Although the likelihood of experiencing the same headache diagnosis and symptoms at follow-up was high, about one fifth of children with migraine developed tension-type headache and vice versa. Female gender was a predictor of migraine and frequent headache a predictor of overall headache at follow-up. The estimated annual incidence for tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache was 81, 65 and 131 per 1000 children, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate that headache has become increasingly common among schoolchildren over the last decades. Prevention and treatment of headache is particularly important for girls since they have high prevalence of headache, frequent headache episodes and a poor outcome. In children with headache, diagnoses and treatment should be reassessed regularly and other pains should be asked about and treated as well.
|
|
| 10. |
- Räty, Lena
(författare)
-
Living with epilepsy : young people with uncomplicated epilepsy and adults with newly debuted epilepsy
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to illuminate experiences of living with uncomplicated epilepsy, i.e. epilepsy without any associated neurological impainnents. The focus was on young people, aged 13- 22 (II, III, IV), and adults, aged 18-65 (I), with newly debuted epilepsy, i.e. an epilepsy diagnosis registered within the last 15 months.Thirty-seven adult patients reported their experienced quality of life (QOL) with newly debuted epilepsy by the "Quality of Life Index" (QLT) questionnaire. The lowest QOL was reported in relation to the psychological/spiritual domain and the highest to the family domain. Women reported having a lower QOL than men. Most of the participants (70%) experienced a negative change of their life situation with the debut of epilepsy and all of them reported feelings of restricted personal freedom. Negative perceptions of epilepsy, high seizure frequency and side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) were related to a low QOL.Psychological and social aspects of HRQOL were compared between young people with epilepsy (n = 151) and a random sample of controls (n = 282) by the questionnaires "I think i am" (ITIA), "Youth Self Report" (YSR), "Sense of Coherence" (SOC) and "Family APGAR". Both groups had a positive self-esteem, but the epilepsy group reported having lower competence socially, and also in relation to activity and school. Older adolescents and post adolescents scored less favourably than younger adolescents, and females scored in general less favourably than males. Males with epilepsy did however faring worse compared to controls of their own sex.The medlcal situation (seizures and therapy) of young people (n = 151) with epilepsy was described. Data were collected by self-reporting using the questionnaire "National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale" (NHS3) and by obtaining information from medical records. The dominant seizure types were primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures, 7.9% could not be specified. Ninety percent were on AED treatment, 42% with continuing seizures. More than half of the patients experienced some side effects from AED therapy.Finally the relationship between the epilepsy condition (illness severity), sociodemographic factors, general self-concept and own attitude towards the epilepsy was studied in young people (n = 149). Data were collected by questionnaires (ITIA, SOC and the "'Child Attitude Toward lllness Scale"), and using the "lllness Severity Index" (ISI) designed for this study on the basis of seizure type, seizure frequency and AED including side effects. The patients' illness severity was related both to their self-concept and their attitudes towards the epilepsy. According to the lSI females suffered from more severe epilepsy.ln conclusion, uncomplicated epilepsy in adults, within the first 15 months from the diagnosis was confirmed, was associated with negative experiences in psychological and social areas, i.e. areas with increased problems in the epilepsy population. Many young people with uncomplicated epilepsy continue to have seizures and high rates of side effects despite treatment at epilepsy centres. Compared to controls young people with epilepsy experienced a lower competence socially, and in relation to activity and schooL Older youth and females scored less favourably in psychological and social areas. 1t was suggested that young males with epilepsy could be more affected by an uncomplicated epilepsy condition than young females. Finally, the severity of the epilepsy condition was related to self-concept and the attitude of young people with uncomplicated epilepsy towards illness.
|
|
