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| 2. |
- Archetti, Joao Antonio Guedes, et al.
(författare)
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Real time validation of a control system for microgrids with distributed generation and storage resources
- 2023
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Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faced with a scenario in which the increase in renewable energy generated near consumer centers can cause problems for the operation of the electrical network, the present work proposes a real-time simulation model for automation and control systems of electrical distribution networks with microgrids, distributed generation, and storage resources. The proposed model consists of a hardware-in-the-loop control with the aid of a simulation tool in conjunction with a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and considers the dynamic behavior of switched elements and inverters. A communication platform using TCP/IP protocol between RTDS (power system) and MatLab/Simulink (optimization algorithms) allows the operation of the network in grid-connected and islanded mode, guaranteeing the computational time for experimental implementation. For the first mode, an algorithm is proposed to solve an optimal dispatch energy storage system problem. Second mode, an algorithm is proposed to solve a load shedding problem. The objective is to operate the microgrids optimally and evaluate the performance of a storage system based on real data from the state of Parana, in Brazil. Results show that the optimization algorithms are experimentally applicable, obtaining reasonable computational time to find optimal solutions and an assertive decision-making to meet the objectives. Thus, the proposed framework is a potential tool to validate algorithms for active management of microgrids in real-time simulation.
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| 3. |
- Döhler, Jéssica S., et al.
(författare)
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An application of four-wire grid-forming power inverter in unbalanced distribution network
- 2023
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Ingår i: IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 1751-8687 .- 1751-8695. ; 17:2, s. 324-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modelling of a three-phase four-leg four-wire grid-forming inverter in a low voltage distribution system 18-bus European Cigre under unbalanced conditions in an autonomous distribution network is presented. The case study has two types of inverters control strategy: (i) grid-forming to supply all the system demand in the interval of the intentional supply interruption and (ii) grid-following to integrate photovoltaic renewable energy resources into power systems. The model suggests a control scheme with two loops: An inner current loop with a proportional-integral controller and an outer voltage loop with a proportional controller, both in the synchronous reference frame (dq0), in which dq-axis are decomposed in positive and negative sequences. Simulation results, carried out using the PSCAD software, showed the effectiveness of the suggested control strategy with smooth synchronization where the grid-forming inverter was able to form a network with an unbalanced degree lower than 2%, sinusoidal voltage and frequency within standard limits 49.5-50.5 Hz.
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| 4. |
- Parwal, Arvind, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Synchronous Generator Based Current Synchronous Detection Scheme for a Virtual Inertia Emulation in SmartGrids
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy and Power Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-243X .- 1947-3818. ; 11:3, s. 99-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaicwind turbines, and wave power converters, use power converters to connect to the grid which causes a loss in rotational inertia. The attempt to meet the increasing energy demand means that the interest for the integration of renewable energy sources in the existing power system is growing, but such integration poses challenges to the operating stability. Power converters play a major role in the evolution of power system towards SmartGrids, by regulating as virtual synchronous ge-nerators. The concept of virtual synchronous generators requires an energy storage system with power converters to emulate virtual inertia similar to the dynamics of traditional synchronous generators. In this paper, a dynamic droop control for the estimation of fundamental reference sources is imple-mented in the control loop of the converter, including active and reactive power components acting as a mechanical input to the virtual synchronous generator and the virtual excitation controller. An inertia coefficient and a droop coefficient are implemented in the control loop. The proposed con-troller uses a current synchronous detection scheme to emulate a virtual iner-tia from the virtual synchronous generators. In this study, a wave energy converter as the power source is used and a power management of virtual synchronous generators to control the frequency deviation and the terminal voltage is implemented. The dynamic control scheme based on a current synchronous detection scheme is presented in detail with a power manage-ment control. Finally, we carried out numerical simulations and verified the scheme through the experimental results in a microgrid structure.
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| 5. |
- Silva Junior, Dalmo C., et al.
(författare)
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Control of a multi-functional inverter in an AC microgrid - Real-time simulation with control hardware in the loop
- 2019
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Ingår i: Electric power systems research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0378-7796 .- 1873-2046. ; 172, s. 201-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes the implementation of a multi-functional inverter, which was simulated with three ancillary functions. The first function is a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for harmonic content mitigation, the second is a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) to show the effective regulation of voltage and frequency, and finally, power management in AC microgrids. The multi-functional converter is responsible for the integration of a PV-Battery system (distributed generation) on the AC grid. Furthermore, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and dSPACE have been used to analyze the performance and control of such multi-functional inverter when added to an AC microgrid. Results demonstrate the operation of the system and can be used as validation of the proposed control strategies through a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) simulation.
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| 6. |
- Silva Júnior, Dalmo C., et al.
(författare)
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Control of Smart Inverters with Automated Decisions in Microgrid
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems. - : Springer. - 2195-3880 .- 2195-3899. ; 34, s. 1028-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a smart inverter model that executes ancillary services with automated decisions is presented, such as powersharing and voltage and frequency stabilization, compensation of unbalance voltage, mitigation of harmonic content, and thebalance of generation and demand. The droop control was utilized for power-sharing between the distributed generations; themitigation of negative-sequence voltage is used for unbalanced voltage compensation, and finally, a feed-forward current isadopted for harmonic compensation. Therefore, the smart inverter was controlled through a supervisory system, identifyingwhich ancillary function to activate at certain times. Results show the successful operation of the system and can be used asvalidation of the proposed control strategies, including the automated decisions in the microgrid
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| 7. |
- Ullah, Md Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of a hybrid energy storage system in a grid-tied wave energy converter for varying power demand
- 2022
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Ingår i: 11th International Conference on Renewable Power Generation - Meeting net zero carbon (RPG 2022). - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781839537899 ; , s. 1-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wave energy is one of the emerging sustainable energy resources due to its high energy density and vast untapped areas. Nevertheless, the intermittency of wave resources is a significant challenge for the grid operator. Additionally, a varying grid demand is an added complexity to wave resources. Energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors can be used to smoothen the power injection into the grid and match the available energy with the grid demand. Thus, this study compares battery energy storage with the hybrid energy storage system and proposes a control strategy to reduce the power fluctuations on the battery, allowing power delivery for varying grid demands. The study found that the hybrid system increases the system efficiency, in addition to the reduction in power fluctuations and enhancement of battery's performance, among other gains when the proposed control is implemented.
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