| 1. |
- Hoshino, Ayuko, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 527:7578, s. 329-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ever since Stephen Pagets 1889 hypothesis, metastatic organotropism has remained one of cancers greatest mysteries. Here we demonstrate that exosomes from mouse and human lung-, liver-and brain-tropic tumour cells fuse preferentially with resident cells at their predicted destination, namely lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells, liver Kupffer cells and brain endothelial cells. We show that tumour-derived exosomes uptaken by organ-specific cells prepare the pre-metastatic niche. Treatment with exosomes from lung-tropic models redirected the metastasis of bone-tropic tumour cells. Exosome proteomics revealed distinct integrin expression patterns, in which the exosomal integrins alpha(6)beta(4) and alpha(6)beta(1) were associated with lung metastasis, while exosomal integrin alpha(v)beta(5) was linked to liver metastasis. Targeting the integrins alpha(6)beta(4) and alpha(v)beta(5) decreased exosome uptake, as well as lung and liver metastasis, respectively. We demonstrate that exosome integrin uptake by resident cells activates Src phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory S100 gene expression. Finally, our clinical data indicate that exosomal integrins could be used to predict organ-specific metastasis.
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| 2. |
- Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, et al.
(författare)
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MRI-targeted or standard biopsy for prostate-cancer diagnosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 378:19, s. 1767-1777
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without targeted biopsy, is an alternative to standard transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy for prostate-cancer detection in men with a raised prostate-specific antigen level who have not undergone biopsy. However, comparative evidence is limited. METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial, we assigned men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer who had not undergone biopsy previously to undergo MRI, with or without targeted biopsy, or standard transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy. Men in the MRI-targeted biopsy group underwent a targeted biopsy (without standard biopsy cores) if the MRI was suggestive of prostate cancer; men whose MRI results were not suggestive of prostate cancer were not offered biopsy. Standard biopsy was a 10-to-12-core, transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy. The primary outcome was the proportion of men who received a diagnosis of clinically significant cancer. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of men who received a diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer. RESULTS: A total of 500 men underwent randomization. In the MRI-targeted biopsy group, 71 of 252 men (28%) had MRI results that were not suggestive of prostate cancer, so they did not undergo biopsy. Clinically significant cancer was detected in 95 men (38%) in the MRI-targeted biopsy group, as compared with 64 of 248 (26%) in the standard-biopsy group (adjusted difference, 12 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4 to 20; P = 0.005). MRI, with or without targeted biopsy, was noninferior to standard biopsy, and the 95% confidence interval indicated the superiority of this strategy over standard biopsy. Fewer men in the MRI-targeted biopsy group than in the standard-biopsy group received a diagnosis of clinically insignificant cancer (adjusted difference, -13 percentage points; 95% CI, -19 to -7; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of risk assessment with MRI before biopsy and MRI-targeted biopsy was superior to standard transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy in men at clinical risk for prostate cancer who had not undergone biopsy previously. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research and the European Association of Urology Research Foundation; PRECISION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02380027.)
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| 3. |
- Negi, Prabal Singh, et al.
(författare)
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Bypass transition delay using oscillations of spanwise wall velocity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review Fluids. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-990X. ; 4:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large eddy simulations are performed to investigate the possibility of bypass transition delay in spatially developing boundary layers. An open loop wall control mechanism is employed which consists of either spatial or temporal oscillations of the spanwise wall velocity. Both spatial and temporal oscillations show a delay in the sharp rise in skin friction coefficient which is characteristic of laminar-turbulent transition. An insight into the mechanism is offered based on a secondary filtering of the continuous Orr-Sommerfeld-Squire (OSQ) modes provided by the Stokes layer, and it is shown that the control mechanism selectively affects the low-frequency penetrating modes of the OSQ spectrum. This perspective clarifies the limitations of the mechanism's capability to create transition delay. Furthermore, we extend the two-mode model of bypass transition proposed by T. Zaki and P. Durbin [j Fluid Mech. 531, 85 (2005)] to cases with wall control and illustrate the selective action of the wall oscillations on the penetrating mode in this simplified case.
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| 4. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Cold bond agglomerates of iron and steel plant by products as burden material for blast furnaces
- 1999
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Ingår i: REWAS '99. ; , s. 1539-1548
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During various steps in the production of steel from the raw iron ore pellets a wide variety of by-products are generated. These by-products are in form of sludges, slags or fine powder and are generally rich in iron oxides. Hence, they have the potential of being recycled back to the blast furnace after having being agglomerated. For agglomerates to be considered suitable as feed material for a blast furnace, they should have sufficient room temperature strength and complete reducibility of iron containing elements without degradation or excessive swelling. Cold bond agglomeration process offers an economically attractive and environmentally safe method for achieving this. In this process, various necessary ingredients are agglomerated using a binder into a form suitable for charging into a blast furnace. The paper presents results of the experiments carried out to study the effect of various parameters on the behaviour of briquettes prepared using iron and steel plant by-products and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The room temperature properties of the briquettes have been found to depend upon various parameters like: the particle size distribution, composition of the raw materials and processing conditions. The properties of briquettes subjected to high temperature under reducing environment depend upon the temperature of reduction, particle size distribution and composition of the raw material
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| 5. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of processing parameters on the swelling behaviour of cement-bonded briquettes
- 2004
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 44:1, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of cement-bonded agglomerates of iron-rich by-products generated in iron and steel plants as burden material for blast furnaces is becoming quite common. It has been observed that under certain conditions the briquettes containing pellet-fines show a tendency to swell catastrophically when reduced at 900-1000DGC using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. This swelling is dependent upon a number of processing parameters, such as: composition of briquettes, particle size of raw material, amount of cement, composition of cement, and coke content. It is not dependent upon the size of agglomerate or hydration period. From the optical micrographs, it is apparent that the swelling may be attributed to the formation of small spheroidal iron particles that move apart, thereby causing swelling. This paper describes the effect of various processing parameters that cause the abnormal swelling in cement-bonded briquettes made of pellet-fines.
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| 6. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of reduction conditions on the swelling behaviour of cement-bonded briquettes
- 2004
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 44:2, s. 294-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cement-bonded agglomerates of by-products generated in iron and steel plants are commonly used as burden material for blast furnaces. It has been observed that under certain conditions the briquettes containing pellet-fines show a tendency to swell catastrophically when reduced at 900-1 000 deg C using carbon monoxide as reducing agent. This swelling is dependent upon a number of factors like: reducing temperature, reducing conditions and composition of reducing gas. The optical micrographs do not show the formation of iron whiskers as the cause of swelling; instead, the reduced iron particles seem to move apart, thereby causing swelling. This paper describes the effect of various parameters that cause the abnormal swelling of briquettes.
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| 7. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of iron rich cements using red mud
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - 0008-8846 .- 1873-3948. ; 27:7, s. 1037-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Possibility of producing calcium sulfoaluminoferrite (SAF) (C4(A,F)3S over-bar )-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) based cements using lime + red mud + bauxite + gypsum has been investigated. The effects of composition, firing time and firing temperature on the properties of cements produced has been studied. The characteristics of the cements produced have been found to be strongly dependent on the raw mix composition and firing temperature but not so much on firing time. Some of these cements possess strengths comparable to and at times even more than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Since the red mud used contains significant amount of titania, effect of titania on pure sulfoaluminate phase has also been studied.
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| 8. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of special cements from red mud
- 1996
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 16:8, s. 665-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Red mud from HINDALCO (Hindustan Aluminium Corporation) Industries Limited, Renukoot, India, contains significant quantities of alumina, iron oxide and silica. Presence of the said constituents makes it a suitable ingredient for the preparation of special cements. Preparation of three varieties of cements was investigated, namely: (a) aluminoferrite (C4AF)- belite (β-C2S) using lime + red mud + fly ash; (b) aluminoferrite-ferrite (C2F)-aluminates (C3A and C12A7) utilising lime + red mud + bauxite; and (c) sulfoaluminate (C4A3S̄)-aluminoferrite-ferrite using lime + red mud + bauxite + gypsum. The effects of composition (proportions of lime, red mud, fly ash, bauxite and gypsum), firing temperature and duration on the properties of cements produced were studied in detail. Cements made from lime + red mud + bauxite or lime + red mud + bauxite + gypsum exhibit strengths comparable or superior to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). On the other hand, those prepared using lime + red mud + fly ash did not have sufficient strength. Moreover, it was not possible to replace bauxite by fly ash (as a source of alumina) in any significant quantity.
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| 9. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Some philosophical issues in modeling corrosion of oil and gas pipelines
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 5:1, s. 55-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the efficient design, installation, operation and maintenance of a plant, a reliable and robust mathematical model for predicting corrosion in pipelines can be a valuable asset. Such a model can help a plant supervisor to cut down on the expenditure arising from frequent inspections and unnecessary maintenance shutdowns and to take preventive maintenance action before an accident actually takes place. This paper discusses some of the philosophical issues related to the development of such a model. It also brings to the fore the limitations and value of such a model
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| 10. |
- Singh, Maneesh, et al.
(författare)
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Strength of cement-bonded briquettes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Minerals & metallurgical processing. - 0747-9182. ; 23:4, s. 203-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cold-bond agglomeration process is increasingly being used as a means of recycling iron-rich steel plant byproducts back to the blast furnace. Even though an increasing number of plants are adopting this process, the use of cold-bonded agglomerates as burden material for the blast furnace is restricted to about 5% of the total burden material. This is because the cold-bonded agglomerates may lose their strength inside the furnace due to the dissociation of binder at high temperatures. This failure may result in the generation of fines, resulting in low bed permeability and higher dust content in stack gases. This paper describes the effects of temperature, degree of reduction, particle size of the raw material (d50), cement content, pellet-type and reduction under load on the compression strength and microstructure of cement-bonded briquettes comprising iron and steel plant byproducts.
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