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- Laaksonen, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise on muscle blood flow during exercise
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 186:4, s. 261-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aim: The influence of exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise (SSC) on skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) during exercise is currently unknown. Methods: Quadriceps femoris (QF) BF was measured in eight healthy men using positron emission tomography before and 3 days after exhaustive SSC exercise. The SSC protocol consisted of maximal and submaximal drop jumps with one leg. Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscles were taken immediately and 2 days after SSC for muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) mRNA level determinations. Results: All subjects reported subjective muscle soreness after SSC (P < 0.001), which was well in line with a decrease in maximal isometric contraction force (MVC) and increase in serum creatine kinase activity (CK) (P = 0.018). After SSC muscle BF was 25% higher in entire QF (P = 0.043) and in its deep and superficial muscle regions, whereas oxygen uptake remained unchanged (P = 0.893). Muscle biopsies revealed increased IL-1beta (30 min: 152 +/- 75%, P = 0.012 and 2 days: 108 +/- 203%, P = 0.036) but decreased or unchanged eNOS (30 min; -21 +/- 57%, P = 0.050 and 2 days: +101 +/- 204%, P = 0.779) mRNA levels after SSC. Conclusion: It was concluded that fatiguing SSC exercise induces increased muscle BF during exercise, which is likely to be associated with pro-inflammatory processes in the exercised muscle.
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- Mikkola, T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of long-term postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy on estimated structural bone strength: A study in discordant monozygotic twins
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 26:3, s. 546-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is known to prevent fractures, knowledge on the influence of long-term HRT on bone strength and its determinants other than areal bone mineral density is scarce. This study used a genetically controlled design with 24 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 54 to 72 years in which one cotwin was using HRT (mean duration 8 years) and the other had never used HRT. Estimated bone strength, cross-sectional area, volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral mass, and cross-sectional density and mass distributions were assessed in the tibial shaft, distal tibia, and distal radius with peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). In the tibial shaft, HRT users had 9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3%-15%] higher estimated bending strength than their nonusing cotwins. Larger cortical area and higher cortical bone mineral density accounted for this difference. The cortex was larger in the HRT users in the endocortical region. In the distal tibia, estimated compressive strength was 24% (95% CI 9%-40%) higher and in the distal radius 26% (95% CI 11%-41%) higher in the HRT users than in their nonusing cotwins owing to higher volumetric bone mineral density. No difference between users and nonusers was observed in total bone cross-sectional area in any measured bone site. The added mineral mass in the HRT users was distributed evenly within and between bone sites. In postmenopausal women, long-term HRT preserves estimated bone strength systemically by preventing bone mineral loss similarly in body weight-loaded and non-weight-loaded bone. (c) 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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- Nyberg, Solja T., et al.
(författare)
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Association of alcohol use with years lived without major chronic diseases : A multicohort study from the IPD-Work consortium and UK Biobank
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of several chronic diseases. In this multicohort study, we estimated the number of life-years without major chronic diseases according to different characteristics of alcohol use.Methods In primary analysis, we pooled individual-level data from up to 129,942 adults across 12 cohort studies with baseline data collection on alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and history between 1986 and 2005 (the IPD-Work Consortium). Self-reported alcohol consumption was categorised according to UK guidelines - non-drinking (never or former drinkers); moderate consumption (1-14 units); heavy consumption (>14 units per week). We further subdivided moderate and heavy drinkers by binge drinking pattern (alcohol-induced loss of consciousness). In addition, we assessed problem drinking using linked data on hospitalisations due to alcohol abuse or poisoning. Follow-up for chronic diseases for all participants included incident type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and respiratory disease (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as ascertained via linkage to national morbidity and mortality registries, repeated medical examinations, and/or self-report. We estimated years lived without any of these diseases between 40 and 75 years of age according to sex and characteristics of alcohol use. We repeated the main analyses using data from 427,621 participants in the UK Biobank cohort study.Findings During 1.73 million person-years at risk, 22,676 participants in IPD-Work cohorts developed at least one chronic condition. From age 40 to 75 years, never-drinkers [men: 29.3 (95%CI 27.9-30.8) years, women 29.8 (29.2 - 30.4) years)] and moderate drinkers with no binge drinking habit [men 28.7 (28.4-29.0) years, women 29.6 (29.4-29.7) years] had the longest disease-free life span. A much shorter disease-free life span was apparent in participants who experienced alcohol poisoning [men 23.4 (20.9-26.0) years, women 24.0 (21.4-26.5) years] and those with self-reported heavy overall consumption and binge drinking [men: 26.0 (25.3-26.8), women 27.5 (26.4 - 28.5) years]. The pattern of results for alcohol poisoning and self-reported alcohol consumption was similar in UK Biobank. In IPD-Work and UK Biobank, differences in disease-free years between self-reported moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers were 1.5 years or less.Interpretation Individuals with alcohol poisonings or heavy self-reported overall consumption combined with a binge drinking habit have a marked 3- to 6-year loss in healthy longevity. Differences in disease-free life between categories of self-reported weekly alcohol consumption were smaller.
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- Pöllänen, E., et al.
(författare)
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Differential influence of peripheral and systemic sex steroids on skeletal muscle quality in pre- and postmenopausal women
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9718. ; 10:4, s. 650-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aging is associated with gradual decline of skeletal muscle strength and mass often leading to diminished muscle quality. This phenomenon is known as sarcopenia and affects about 30% of the over 60-year-old population. Androgens act as anabolic agents regulating muscle mass and improving muscle performance. The role of female sex steroids as well as the ability of skeletal muscle tissue to locally produce sex steroids has been less extensively studied. We show that despite the extensive systemic deficit of sex steroid hormones in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women, the hormone content of skeletal muscle does not follow the same trend. In contrast to the systemic levels, muscle tissue of post- and premenopausal women had similar concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione, while the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone were significantly higher in muscle of the postmenopausal women. The presence of steroidogenetic enzymes in muscle tissue indicates that the elevated postmenopausal steroid levels in skeletal muscle are because of local steroidogenesis. The circulating sex steroids were associated with better muscle quality while the muscle concentrations reflected the amount of infiltrated fat within muscle tissue. We conclude that systemically delivered and peripherally produced sex steroids have distinct roles in the regulation of neuromuscular characteristics during aging.
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- Kirkby, Jasper, et al.
(författare)
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Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 533:7604, s. 521-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric aerosols and their effect on clouds are thought to be important for anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate, yet remain poorly understood(1). Globally, around half of cloud condensation nuclei originate from nucleation of atmospheric vapours(2). It is thought that sulfuric acid is essential to initiate most particle formation in the atmosphere(3,4), and that ions have a relatively minor role(5). Some laboratory studies, however, have reported organic particle formation without the intentional addition of sulfuric acid, although contamination could not be excluded(6,7). Here we present evidence for the formation of aerosol particles from highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions. The highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) are produced by ozonolysis of a-pinene. We find that ions from Galactic cosmic rays increase the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation. Our experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the cluster binding energies of representative HOMs. Ion-induced nucleation of pure organic particles constitutes a potentially widespread source of aerosol particles in terrestrial environments with low sulfuric acid pollution.
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