| 1. |
- Kaarniranta, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Hsp70 accumulation in chondrocytic cells exposed to high continuous hydrostatic pressure coincides with mRNA stabilization rather than transcriptional activation.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 95:5, s. 2319-2324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to various stress stimuli, heat shock genes are induced to express heat shock proteins (Hsps). Previous studies have revealed that expression of heat shock genes is regulated both at transcriptional and posttranscriptional level, and the rapid transcriptional induction of heat shock genes involves activation of the specific transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Furthermore, the transcriptional induction can vary in intensity and kinetics in a signal- and cell-type-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical loading in the form of hydrostatic pressure increases heat shock gene expression in human chondrocyte-like cells. The response to continuous high hydrostatic pressure was characterized by elevated mRNA and protein levels of Hsp70, without activation of HSF1 and transcriptional induction of hsp70 gene. The increased expression of Hsp70 was mediated through stabilization of hsp70 mRNA molecules. Interestingly, in contrast to static pressurization, cyclic hydrostatic loading did not result in the induction of heat shock genes. Our findings show that hsp70 gene expression is regulated posttranscriptionally without transcriptional induction in chondrocyte-like cells upon exposure to high continuous hydrostatic pressure. We suggest that the posttranscriptional regulation in the form of hsp70 mRNA stabilization provides an additional mode of heat shock gene regulation that is likely to be of significant importance in certain forms of stress.
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| 2. |
- Kaarniranta, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal cells show regulatory differences in the hsp70 gene response.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. - : Elsevier. - 0169-328X .- 1872-6941. ; 101:1-2, s. 136-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps), encoded by heat shock genes, is increased in response to various stress stimuli. Hsps function as molecular chaperones, they dissociate cytotoxic stress-induced protein aggregates within cells and ensure improved survival. Induction of heat shock genes is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. The stress responsive transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), is involved in the transcriptional induction of the heat shock genes. Our objective was to examine how hsp70 genes are regulated in different transformed and primary neurons upon exposure to elevated temperature. Our findings reveal that the Hsp70 response is regulated at the translational level in Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, while the IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells respond to stress by the classical HSF1-driven transcriptional regulatory mechanism. Primary rat hippocampal neurons show a lack of HSF1 and induction of the hsp70 gene. These observations suggest that neuronal cells display different hsp70 gene expression patterns which range from undetected response to transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation during heat stress.
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| 3. |
- Kaarniranta, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Primary chondrocytes resist hydrostatic pressure-induced stress while primary synovial cells and fibroblasts show modified Hsp70 response.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1063-4584 .- 1522-9653. ; 9:1, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: During joint loading, chondrocytes in the articular cartilage are subjected to gradients of high compressive hydrostatic pressure (HP). In response to diverse chemical or physical stresses, heat shock genes are induced to express heat shock proteins (Hsps). This study sought to examine the role of Hsps in baroresistance in primary bovine chondrocytes and synovial cells, as well as in primary human fibroblasts.METHODS: Northern blotting was used to analyze the steady-state levels of hsp70 mRNA in the primary cells exposed to HP or heat stress. Hsp70 protein accumulation was analyzed by Western blotting, and the DNA-binding activity was examined by gel mobility shift assay.RESULTS: Primary bovine chondrocytes which have been adapted to live under pressurized conditions showed negligible Hsp70 response upon HP loading, whereas primary bovine synovial cells and human fibroblasts accumulated hsp70 mRNA and protein when subjected to HP. The response was initiated without activation of the heat shock transcription factor 1. Interestingly, pre-conditioning of the barosensitive fibroblasts with HP or heat shock reduced the Hsp70 response, indicating induction of baroresistance.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Hsp70 can play an important role in the early stages of adaptation of cells to HP. Thus, the Hsp70 gene expression upon HP loading may serve as one indicator of the chondrocytic phenotype of the cells. This can be of use in the treatment of cartilage lesions.
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| 4. |
- Kaarniranta, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Protein synthesis is required for stabilization of hsp70 mRNA upon exposure to both hydrostatic pressurization and elevated temperature.
- 2000
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Ingår i: FEBS Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0014-5793 .- 1873-3468. ; 475:3, s. 283-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently described that in chondrocytic cells high hydrostatic pressure (HP) causes a heat shock response via mRNA stabilization without a transcriptional activation of the hsp70 gene. In this study, we investigated whether this exceptional regulatory mechanism occurs more generally in different types of cells. Indeed, hsp70 mRNA and protein accumulated in HeLa, HaCat and MG-63 cells under 30 MPa HP, without DNA-binding of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) to the heat shock element of the hsp70 gene or formation of nuclear HSF1 granules, revealing a lack of transcriptional activation. Moreover, we observed that protein synthesis is needed for mRNA stabilization. Thus, high HP offers a model to study the mechanisms of hsp70 mRNA stabilization without HSF1-mediated induction of the heat shock gene response.
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| 5. |
- Kaarniranta, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Solustressin tutkimuksesta kliinisiin läpimurtoihin? [From research of cellular stress to various clinical break through innovations?]
- 2001
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Ingår i: Duodecim. - : Duodecim. - 0012-7183 .- 2242-3281. ; 117:22, s. 2266-2272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fysikaalisen tai kemiallisen stressin seurauksena useiden geenien aktiivisuus vähenee,kun taas lämpösokki- eli stressigeenien induktio lisääntyy. Stressigeenit koodaavat lämpösokkiproteiineja(Hsp), jotka toimivat soluissa kaperoneina, »avustajina», auttaensolujen proteiineja laskostumaan oikein translaatiossa, kalvon läpi kuljetuksessa tai esimerkiksikorkean lämpötilan aiheuttaman vaurion jälkeen. Viime vuosina lämpösokkiproteiinienkliininen merkitys useiden sairauksien patogeneesissä, diagnostiikassa ja ennusteenmäärittämisessä on alkanut selvitä. Merkittävimmät kliiniset löydökset liittyvätiskeemisiin prosesseihin, kuten sydän- ja aivoinfarkteihin, useisiin neoplasioihin ja ikääntymiseen.Tässä katsauksessa käsittelemme stressigeenien säätelyä, Hsp70-stressiproteiinienkliinisiä yhteyksiä ja niiden mahdollisia hoitosovelluksia iskeemisissä, neoplastisissaja degeneratiivisissa prosesseissa.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Vihervaara, Anniina, et al.
(författare)
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Stress-induced transcriptional memory accelerates promoter-proximal pause release and decelerates termination over mitotic divisions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-2765 .- 1097-4164. ; 81:8, s. 1715-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat shock instantly reprograms transcription. Whether gene and enhancer transcription fully recover from stress and whether stress establishes a memory by provoking transcription regulation that persists through mitosis remained unknown. Here, we measured nascent transcription and chromatin accessibility in unconditioned cells and in the daughters of stress-exposed cells. Tracking transcription genome-wide at nucleotide-resolution revealed that cells precisely restored RNA polymerase II (Pol II) distribution at gene bodies and enhancers upon recovery from stress. However, a single heat exposure in embryonic fibroblasts primed a faster gene induction in their daughter cells by increasing promoter-proximal Pol II pausing and by accelerating the pause release. In K562 erythroleukemia cells, repeated stress refined basal and heat-induced transcription over mitotic division and decelerated termination-coupled pre-mRNA processing. The slower termination retained transcripts on the chromatin and reduced recycling of Pol II. These results demonstrate that heat-induced transcriptional memory acts through promoter-proximal pause release and pre-mRNA processing at transcription termination.
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