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| 2. |
- Abd-El-Gawad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Early and late metabolic alterations in children and adolescents with a kock urinary reservoir.
- 1999
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Ingår i: BJU international. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 83:3, s. 285-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the early and late metabolic effects of urinary diversion in children and adolescents with a Kock urinary reservoir.Thirteen children (aged 10.8- 16 years) and seven adolescents (aged 16-18 years; 10 girls and 10 boys), underwent surgery for congenital urinary incontinence. They were followed for 3-10 years (mean 6.5), divided into an early (3 months to 2 years) and a late (2-10 years) period, and assessed for renal function and any metabolic effects.At the early and late follow-up, one of 19 and three of 16 patients, respectively, had metabolic acidosis. Hyperchloraemia was present in four of 20 patients at the early and in eight of 18 at the late follow-up. Serum creatinine was increased in four of 20 patients at the early and eight of 18 at the late follow-up. In patients with infrequent reservoir emptying (
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| 3. |
- Abd-el-Gawad, G, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Kock urinary reservoir function in children and adolescents at 3-10 years' follow-up.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 33:3, s. 149-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate Kock reservoir function in children and adolescents operated for congenital urinary incontinence and to determine the complication rate. Reservoir function was investigated in 13 children (age range 10.8-16 years) and 7 adolescents (age range 16-18 years) through enterocystometry, enterocystoscopy and patient history. Patients were followed up for 3-10 years. The follow-up was reported as early (3 months-2 years) and late (2-10 years) postoperative periods. At early follow-up reservoir capacity was high in four patients and normal in the remaining patients. A low reservoir pressure was accompanied by high capacity and compliance. On enterocystometry first sensation for emptying was experienced in 82% of patients at early follow-up and 92% at late follow-up. Reservoir contractions were recorded in 60% of patients at early follow-up and 65% at late follow-up. The contractions were recorded at an average reservoir capacity of 270 ml at early follow-up and 340 ml at late follow-up. The complication rate was high in the child group compared with that in adolescents. Of 13 patients with at least one reservoir complication 10 were from the child group. Nipple dysfunction (angled nipple, prolapsed or stenosed stoma) occurred in 35% of patients, stones in 40% and bleeding during catheterization in 15%. Revision was performed in 38% of the child group and 15% of the adolescents. Reservoir perforation was observed in two patients at 6 and 9 years postoperatively. At late follow-up continence was excellent in 17 of 19 patients and good in 2. We conclude that the Kock reservoir is a good modality for urinary diversion, but the complication incidence is high in the child group (<16 years). Stability of the reservoir in terms of volume and low internal pressures was achieved one year after operation, except in the patients with infrequent reservoir emptying. A time-related increase in the reservoir sensitivity and contractility was reported on enterocystometry. Nipple dysfunction is common during the first two years after surgery, particularly in the child group. Stones may form 3-4 years after surgery. Satisfactory continence was achieved in all patients, although a revisional operation was necessary in some patients in order to obtain permanent continence.
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| 4. |
- Haider, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Raman microspectroscopy reveals long-term extracellular activity of Chlamydiae
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 77:3, s. 687-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylum Chlamydiae consists exclusively of obligate intracellular bacteria. Some of them are formidable pathogens of humans, while others occur as symbionts of amoebae. These genetically intractable bacteria possess a developmental cycle consisting of replicative reticulate bodies and infectious elementary bodies, which are believed to be physiologically inactive. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was applied to differentiate between reticulate bodies and elementary bodies of Protochlamydia amoebophila and to demonstrate in situ the labelling of this amoeba symbiont after addition of isotope-labelled phenylalanine. Unexpectedly, uptake of this amino acid was also observed for both developmental stages for up to 3 weeks, if incubated extracellularly with labelled phenylalanine, and P. amoebophila remained infective during this period. Furthermore, P. amoebophila energizes its membrane and performs protein synthesis outside of its host. Importantly, amino acid uptake and protein synthesis after extended extracellular incubation could also be demonstrated for the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, which synthesizes stress-related proteins under these conditions as shown by 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These findings change our perception of chlamydial biology and reveal that host-free analyses possess a previously not recognized potential for direct experimental access to these elusive microorganisms.
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| 5. |
- Halter, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Ecology and evolution of chlamydial symbionts of arthropods
- 2022
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Ingår i: ISME Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2730-6151. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylum Chlamydiae consists of obligate intracellular bacteria including major human pathogens and diverse environmental representatives. Here we investigated the Rhabdochlamydiaceae, which is predicted to be the largest and most diverse chlamydial family, with the few described members known to infect arthropod hosts. Using published 16 S rRNA gene sequence data we identified at least 388 genus-level lineages containing about 14 051 putative species within this family. We show that rhabdochlamydiae are mainly found in freshwater and soil environments, suggesting the existence of diverse, yet unknown hosts. Next, we used a comprehensive genome dataset including metagenome assembled genomes classified as members of the family Rhabdochlamydiaceae, and we added novel complete genome sequences of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis infecting the woodlouse Porcellio scaber, and of 'Candidatus R. oedothoracis' associated with the linyphiid dwarf spider Oedothorax gibbosus. Comparative analysis of basic genome features and gene content with reference genomes of well-studied chlamydial families with known host ranges, namely Parachlamydiaceae (protist hosts) and Chlamydiaceae (human and other vertebrate hosts) suggested distinct niches for members of the Rhabdochlamydiaceae. We propose that members of the family represent intermediate stages of adaptation of chlamydiae from protists to vertebrate hosts. Within the genus Rhabdochlamydia, pronounced genome size reduction could be observed (1.49-1.93 Mb). The abundance and genomic distribution of transposases suggests transposable element expansion and subsequent gene inactivation as a mechanism of genome streamlining during adaptation to new hosts. This type of genome reduction has never been described before for any member of the phylum Chlamydiae. This study provides new insights into the molecular ecology, genomic diversity, and evolution of representatives of one of the most divergent chlamydial families.
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| 6. |
- Sixt, Barbara Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental cycle and host interaction of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis, an intracellular parasite of terrestrial isopods
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 15:11, s. 2980-2993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental chlamydiae are a diverse group of obligate intracellular bacteria related to well-known pathogens of humans. To date, only very little is known about chlamydial species infecting arthropods. In this study, we used cocultivation with insect cells for recovery and maintenance of Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis, a parasite of the crustacean host Porcellio scaber. In vitro, the infection cycle of R. porcellionis was completed within 7 days, resulting in the release of infectious particles by host cell lysis. Lack of apoptosis induction during the entire course of infection, combined with a reduced sensitivity of infected cultures to experimentally induced programmed cell death, indicates that R. porcellionis like its human pathogenic relatives counteracts this host defence mechanism. Interestingly, the rod-shaped variant of R. porcellionis, proposed to represent their mature infective stage, was not detected in cell culture, suggesting that its development may require prolonged maturation or may be triggered by specific conditions encountered only in the animal host. This first cell culture-based system for the cultivation and investigation of an arthropod-associated chlamydial species will help to better understand the biology of a so far neglected group of chlamydiae and its recently suggested potential to cause disease in humans.
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| 7. |
- Sjöström, Sofia, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A scoring system for predicting downgrading and resolution of high-grade infant vesicoureteral reflux
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of the study was to provide a scoring system for predicting downgrading and resolution of infantile high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Methods Eighty-nine infants (65 boys) with high-grade VUR (grade 4-5) diagnosed at median age 2.5 months and followed to 39 months had repeated investigations of VUR grade, renal damage/function and bladder function. Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) were registered. Risk variables collected at 1 year were analysed as independent factors for spontaneous resolution to grades <= 2 and 0, using univariable/multivariable logistic regression. Results A scoring system was built with a total of 14 points from four independent risk factors (sex, breakthrough UTI, type of renal damage and subnormal glomerular filtration rate). Children with persistent VUR (grade 3-5) had higher scores compared with the group with spontaneous resolution (grade 0-2) (mean 7.9 vs. 4.5,P < .0001). A score of >= 8 points indicated a low probability of VUR resolution (<= 14%). The model was considered excellent based on area under the ROC curve (0.82) and showed satisfactory internal validity. Conclusion This model provides a practical tool in the management of infants born with high-grade reflux. High scores at one year of age indicate a high risk of persistent dilated reflux.
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| 8. |
- Stokland, E, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of renal scarring
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement. - : Wiley. - 0803-5326 .- 0803-5253. ; 88:431, s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Zuromskis, T, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of micro-emboli in symptomatic high grade carotid artery disease: a transcranial Doppler study
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-5884. ; 35:5, s. 534-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Echolucent carotid plaques, as well as downstream micro-embolisation, may be associated with an increased risk of stroke. However, the relationship between carotid plaque ultrasound characteristics and micro-embolic signals (MES) detected in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MES in patients with symptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and to identify predisposing factors, such as plaque echogenicity and intra stenotic blood flow velocity pattern. METHODS: 197 patients (mean age 69.5+/-8.6, 161 males) with confirmed symptomatic high-grade ICA stenosis and anti-platelet treatment underwent bilateral MES monitoring for 30 minutes within the anterior circulation, using Power M-mode transcranial Doppler techniques (TCD). Carotid artery plaques were characterized by Gray-Weale scaling. RESULTS: In 32.0% of the patients, we detected MES by TCD within the MCA on the symptomatic side, but the same finding was made in only 4.5% on the corresponding asymptomatic site (p<0.0001). The presence or absence of MES was associated with neither ultrasonic plaque characteristics nor the intrastenotic blood flow velocities at peak systole and end diastole. The median time since the last ischemic event symptoms was shorter in the patient group with MES [+] than in MES [-] (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Despite optimum standard anti-platelet therapy, cerebral micro-embolisation occurs in 30% of patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease, which might therefore be a possible risk factor for recurrent neurological symptoms. However, the presence of MES is independent of intrastenotic blood flow disturbances and grey scale ultrasound plaque characteristics. The presence of MES as an indicator of unstable plaque and thereby a possible risk factor for stroke should be evaluated prospectively using various algorithms for plaque classifications.
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