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| 2. |
- Gräsbeck, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia. A Family History Study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 19:2-3, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have found a clustering of dementia in relatives of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study analysed the familial aggregation of FTD specifically as well as the occurrence of dementia in general in first-degree relatives of patients with FTD. A family history study was carried out on 478 first-degree relatives of 74 index patients suffering from FTD. Cases of organic dementia and of FTD were diagnosed according to internationally accepted diagnostic criteria. Age- and sex-specific incidences of organic dementia and of FTD were calculated as was the proportion of FTD in relation to organic dementia in general; comparisons with clinical and population studies were made. There was a tenfold increase in the incidence of FTD in the first-degree relatives of FTD patients compared with the incidence of FTD in a population study. The proportion of FTD in relation to all types of organic dementia was much higher in relatives of FTD patients compared to the corresponding proportions in clinical and population-based studies. There was a small, non-significant difference between the present family history study and the population studies as regards the incidence of organic dementia. The findings suggest that hereditary and/or shared environmental factors are strongly involved in the aetiology of FTD. There were no indications of familial clustering of organic dementia in general in relatives of FTD patients.
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| 3. |
- Haglund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cortical microinfarcts as putative substrates of vascular dementia.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 21:7, s. 681-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Vascular dementia (VaD) has occasionally been associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but the prevalence and significance of this counterintuitive relationship are poorly known. Therefore, we investigated the presence and characteristics of CAA in brains of VaD cases. Methods We examined temporal and parietal regions of the cerebral cortex of 26 consecutive VaD cases from the Lund Longitudinal Dementia Study. We carried out immunohistochemistry and routine stainings, determined Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes, and obtained clinical characteristics on the studied group for retrospective analysis. Results CAA was marked in eight out of 26 cases, and correlated strongly with the presence of cortical microinfarcts, both in the temporal lobe and in the parietal lobe. Based on comparisons with eight age-matched VaD cases without CAA, the clinical records suggested that VaD cases with CAA as a group exhibited less pronounced neurological symptoms. A clear contribution of the ApoE genotype could not be identified. Conclusions Based on a combination of the clinical and pathological data, we suggest that microinfarcts in the cerebral cortex associated with severe CAA may be the primary pathological substrate in a significant proportion of VaD cases. Future studies should be undertaken to confirm or dismiss the hypothesis that these cases exhibit a different symptom profile than VaD cases without CAA. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Haglund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Locus ceruleus degeneration is ubiquitous in Alzheimer's disease: possible implications for diagnosis and treatment.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuropathology. - : Wiley. - 0919-6544 .- 1440-1789. ; 26:6, s. 528-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of the locus ceruleus (LC) and decreased cortical levels of norepinephrine are common findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their significance is unknown. Because the noradrenergic system is accessible to pharmacological intervention, the role of LC degeneration and noradrenergic dysfunction in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of AD needs clarification. Hypothetically, loss of noradrenergic innervation could cause microvascular dysfunction and manifest as ischemia. The objectives of this study were to develop a scale for assessment of LC degeneration and to determine whether degeneration of the LC correlates quantitatively with either duration of clinical dementia, overall severity of AD pathology or with measures of ischemic non-focal white matter disease (WMD) in AD. This report is a pathological follow-up of a clinical longitudinal dementia study of 66 consecutive cases of AD without admixture of vascular dementia (VaD) from the Lund Longitudinal Dementia Study, neuropathologically diagnosed between 1990 and 1999. Ten cases of VaD were included for comparative purposes. No correlation between degree of LC degeneration and duration of dementia, AD or WMD severity was found. LC degeneration was significantly more severe in the AD group than in the VaD group. Even though LC degeneration was not associated with WMD or the severity of AD pathology in this AD material, we suggest that clinical studies on the consequences of noradrenergic dysfunction are warranted. Treatment augmenting noradrenergic signaling is available and safe. The marked difference in the level of LC degeneration between AD and VaD cases suggests that LC degeneration could be used as a diagnostic marker of AD.
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| 5. |
- Haglund, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Severe Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Characterizes an Underestimated Variant of Vascular Dementia.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 18:2, s. 132-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a frequent finding on neuropathological examination of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A recent study from our laboratory showed that CAA also frequently occurred in vascular dementia with additional mild Alzheimer encephalopathy (VaD-ae, i.e. Alzheimer pathology that does not fulfill criteria for AD). Because CAA is associated with cerebral hemorrhages and infarctions, it is of significant interest to confirm or dismiss the hypothesis that CAA contributes clinically in the many patients that present with VaD-ae. Therefore, we examined entire temporal lobes of 11 VaD-ae cases and 11 age-matched AD cases with Aβ immunohistochemistry. Six of 11 VaD-ae cases had severe CAA, more extensive than in any AD case. There was a trend toward more cortical infarctions in this group, indicating that CAA in VaD may be of clinical importance and an underestimated cause of dementia.
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| 6. |
- Johanson, Aki, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up in depressed patients treated with ECT
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of ECT. - 1533-4112. ; 21:4, s. 214-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design: The aim was to study the long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depression. 55 patients were followed-up 20-24 years after an ECT series. 13 patients were still alive and 10 agreed to participate in the study. All 55 patients had been investigated with clinical and neuropsychological assessment and with neurophysiological measurements; regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) and EEG before the first ECT, six months later and after about one year. These investigations were now repeated in the 10 patients. Results: Before the original ECT series all patients had suffered from severe mood disorder. At the follow-up the 10 patients showed no clear signs of mood disorder or cognitive impairment. There was a slightly subnormal performance in working memory and in verbal as well as visual episodic memory on all three occasions after the ECT series. The rCBF measurement showed a significant average CBF decrease from the first to the last measurement. There was, moreover, a significant rCBF decrease in frontal areas at the last measurement compared to the three previous assessments. Conclusion: All ten patients followed-up 20 – 24 years after an ECT series were mentally healthy and thus besides a moderate visual memory dysfunction no severe side effects were observed with clinical and neuroimaging techniques.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Elna-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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MRI with diffusion tensor imaging post-mortem at 3.0 T in a patient with frontotemporal dementia.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 17:4, s. 316-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formalin-fixed brain of a patient with clinically diagnosed frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was examined post-mortem using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3.0 T. Frontotemporal atrophy as well as bilateral frontal white matter abnormalities were seen. The white matter changes were slightly more extensive on DTI than on conventional MRI. Correlation with histopathology of the corresponding regions revealed typical frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type, with mild frontotemporal degeneration in the outer cortical layers and a moderate frontal white matter gliosis with demyelination. Post-mortem MRI/DTI with histopathologic correlation will enhance our understanding of the basis of white matter changes observed in dementia patients and may improve the in vivo MRI/DTI diagnostic assessment in FTD.
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| 9. |
- Malmborg, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the intracellular fraction of water by varying the gradient pulse length in q-space diffusion MRI
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0856 .- 1090-7807. ; 180:2, s. 280-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite gradient pulse lengths are traditionally considered a nuisance in q-space diffusion NMR and MRI, since the simple Fourier relation between the acquired signal and the displacement probability is invalidated. Increasing the value of the pulse length leads to an apparently smaller value of the estimated compartment size. We propose that q-space data at different gradient pulse lengths, but with the same effective diffusion time, can be used to identify and quantify components with free or restricted diffusion from multi-exponential echo decay curves obtained on cellular systems. The method is demonstrated with experiments on excised human brain white matter and a series of model systems with well-defined free, restricted, and combined free and restricted diffusion behavior. Time-resolved diffusion MRI experiments are used to map the spatial distribution of the intracellular fraction in a yeast cell suspension during sedimentation, and observe the disappearance of this fraction after a heat treatment. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Sjöbeck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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ABC om demenssjukdomar
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 106:20, s. 1369-1373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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