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| 2. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Bergslagen : Arbetsplatser och bostäder under hundra år
- 1983
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Denna skrift utgör resultatet av Arkitekturskolans studier läsåret 1978-79. Att redigera manuskripten visade sig arbetskrävande och har också dragit ut på tiden. Att vissa av de uppgifter som lämnas inte är helt aktuella spelar ändå inte så stor roll - tyngdpunkten i framställningen ligger på det historiska materialet och de långa tidsperspektiven.Arbetet inleds med en demografisk översikt över ett brett bälte tvärs över Mellansverige från Värmland till Upplandskusten. Där antyds utvecklingens huvudriktning både i Bergslagens gamla kärnområden och i yttre zoner av delvis annan karaktär. Därefter följer åtta från varandra fristående kapitel som dock alla har ett gemensamt mål, att granska och analysera bebyggelseu.tvecklingen inom ett tydligt avgränsat område. Konkretion och åskådlighet har eftersträvats - därför har också stor möda nedlagts på bildmaterialet i form av kartor, ritningar och foton. Valet av undersökningsobjekt har gjorts av författarna själva, som också utformat sina avsnitt självständigt.
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| 4. |
- Sparrlöf, Göran
(författare)
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Vi manliga lärare : Folkskolans lärare och lärarinnor i kamp om löner och arbetsområden 1920-1963
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mellan 1920 och 1963 var den svenska folkskollärarkåren delad i ett manligt och ett kvinnligt folkskollärarförbund. Förhållandet mellan dessa var spänt och öppna konflikter förekom, men 1946 tystnade polemiken. I stället inledde förbunden ett samarbete, som slutligen resulterade i en sammanslagning. Avsikten med denna avhandling, som främst är skriven ur det manliga förbundets perspektiv, är att utreda varför lärarinnorna inledningsvis uppfattades som motståndare och varför de efter 1946 omtolkades till önskvärda samarbetspartners.Det använda källmaterialet utgörs i första hand av lärarförbundets tidningar samt av arkivmaterial från deras styrelser och kongresser. I dessa texter har tankar och föreställningar eftersökts, vilka kan ge förståelse för varför förbunden, och då främst det manliga,. Agerade så som de gjorde. Genom att anlägga ett konfliktperspektiv har det också varit möjligt att i den framförda polemiken och argumenteringen analysera fram olika framställningar om ”vi och dem”, det vill säga manliga och kvinnliga lärare. Centrala begrepp i framställningen är Pierre Bourdieus fält- och kapitelbegrepp samt genus och identitet. Vidare har de i sociologen Frank Parkin’s teori om social closure ingående begreppen stångning och inträngning kommit tillanvändning.Den viktigaste konfliktorsaken före 1946 var lönesystemet, som gav männen högre lön än kvinnorna. I försvaret av detta system utgick det manliga förbundet från föreställningen att männen i kraft av sitt kön representerade en överlägsen arbetskraft. Vidare ansåg sig de manliga lärarna behöva högre lön eftersom de var familjeförsörjare. Likalönen infördes emellertid och den var fullt genomförd 1942. Vidare argumenteras i avhandlingen för att den vid 1940-talets slut påbörjade enhetsskolreformen bidrog till att de manliga och kvinnliga folkskollärarförbunden började samarbeta med varandra. I den framväxande enhetsskolan, som i färdigt skicka kallades grundskolan, konkurrerade folkskollärarna med andra lärargrupper och arbetsområden och tjänsteunderlag. Det blev då viktigast att samarbeta än att hålla gamla motsättningar vid liv. Detta åtföljdes av en underförstådd genuskonstruktion i vilken den manliga och kvinnliga folkskollärarna hade samma kompetens. I slutkapitlet noteras att ojämlikheten mellan könen fanns kvar i den nya skolan, men att den hade tagit sig nya former.
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| 5. |
- Törnblom, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a Research Agenda for Water Policy Implementation: Knowledge about Beaver (Castor fiber) as a Tool for Water Management with a Catchment Perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Baltic Forestry. - 1392-1355. ; 17, s. 154-161
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adopted in 2000 and is now being implemented in national legislations in the Member States. According to this directive, all waters should have good ecological and chemical status. Good ecological status signifies only a slight departure from the biological community which would be expected in conditions of minimal anthropogenic impact. To achieve this goal, knowledge about historical reference conditions for different ecoregions is urgently needed. The aim of this paper is to present a research agenda for acquiring knowledge about the beaver's role in natural ecosystems as a tool for WFD implementation. The beaver is an ecological engineer for both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. As the species was once common in large parts of Europe, reference conditions in terms of the historic natural range of variability in riverine landscapes were to a great extent created by its activities. Thus, "good ecological status" of small to medium sized streams should include compositional, structural and functional characteristics created by beavers. First we define these characteristics and how they relate to the concept of ecological status. Second we describe how viable beaver populations may contribute to the ecological status in different parts of the continent, and conclude that the re-establishment of the beaver on the European continent is a way to approach good ecological status. However, increased knowledge is needed in terms of studies of (1) the historical beaver distribution in different types of catchments using both modelling, and studies in reference landscapes where beavers are still present; (2) the present density and ecosystem effects of beaver in the landscape; (3) interactions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; (4) analysis of economic and ecological trade-offs, especially in areas with high beaver or human population densities. Finally, (5) stakeholders' attitudes and understanding related to the WFD and beavers in areas with differing history and density of beavers will need to be studied as a base for governance and management of catchments.
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| 6. |
- Aili, Carola, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 7. |
- Aili, Carola, et al.
(författare)
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Research on teachers' professional lives : time to build a research network. Paper presented at NERA's 31st Congress, 6-9 March, Copenhagen
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers’ work has during the last ten years gone through great changes. The effects of postmodern society has made the work more and morecomplex and difficult to handle and understand for those involved as well as outsiders. Researchers are trying to keep up with things. The developmentof knowledge of teachers’ work takes place on different levels, in separate disciplines, from various starting-points and with different foci.To be able to describe, understand and explain the »new« work of teachers in a vigorous way there is need of getting these research initiativestogether. Arenas should be established where interchanges and coordination between researchers could take place. In order to make this happen wehave the intention of building a Swedish (our aim is to expand the network to the Nordic countries after the establishment in Sweden) network ofresearch on teachers’ professional lives.Besides presenting the intention and design of our network we also bring along some examples of research projects in line with the network ideas.
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| 8. |
- Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
(författare)
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On Optimisation and Design of Geodetic Networks
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Optimisation of a geodetic network is performed to provide its pre-set quality requirements. Today, this procedure is almost run with the aid of developed analytical approaches, where the human intervention in the process cycle is limited to defining the criteria. The existing complication of optimisation problem was terminated by classifying it into several stages. By performing these steps, we aim to design a network with the best datum, configuration and the observation weights, which meets the precision, reliability and cost criteria.In this thesis, which is a compilation of four papers in scientific journals, we investigate the optimisation problem by developing some new methods in simulated and real applications.On the first attempt, the impact of different constraints in using a bi-objective optimisation model is investigated in a simulated network. It is particularly prevalent among surveyors to encounter inconsistencies between the controlling constraints, such as precision, reliability and cost. To overcome this issue in optimisation, one can develop bi-objective or multi-objective models, where more criteria are considered in the object function. We found out that despite restricting the bi-objective model with precision and reliability constraints in this study, there is no significant difference in results compared to the unconstrained model. Nevertheless, the constrained models have strict controls on the precision of net points and observation reliabilities.The importance of optimisation techniques in optimal design of displacement monitoring networks leads to the development of a new idea, where all the observations of two epochs are considered in the optimisation procedure. Traditionally, an observation plan is designed for a displacement network and repeated for the second epoch. In the alternative method, by using the Gauss-Helmert method, the variances of all observations are estimated instead of their weights to perform the optimisation. This method delivers two observation plans for the two epochs and provides the same displacement precision as the former approach, while it totally removes more observations from the plan.To optimise a displacement monitoring network by considering a sensitivity criterion as a main factor in defining the capacity of a network in detecting displacements, a real case study is chosen. A GPS displacement monitoring network is established in the Lilla Edet municipality in the southwest of Sweden to investigate possible landslides. We optimised the existing monitoring network by considering all quality criteria, i.e. precision, reliability and cost to enable the network for detecting 5 mm displacement at the net points. The different optimisation models are performed on the network by assuming single baseline observations in each measurement session. A decrease of 17% in the number of observed baselines is yielded by the multi-objective model. The observation plan with fewer baselines saves cost, time and effort on the project, while it provides the demanded quality requirements.The Lilla Edet monitoring network is also used to investigate the idea, where we assume more precise instruments in the second of two sequential epochs. In this study, we use a single-objective model of precision, and constrained it to reliability. The precision criterion is defined such that it provides the sensitivity of the network in detecting displacements and has a better variance-covariance matrix than at the first epoch. As the observations are GPS baselines, we assumed longer observation time in the second epoch to obtain higher precision. The results show that improving the observation precision in the second epoch yields an observation plan with less number of baselines in that epoch. In other words, separate observation plans with different configurations are designed for the monitoring network, considering better observation precision for the latter epoch.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Joel, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Different Solution Heat Treatments on the Hot Ductility of Superalloys : Part 3 - Waspaloy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Technology. - 0267-0836 .- 1743-2847. ; 29:1, s. 43-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The susceptibility to heat affected zone cracking of Waspaloy has been investigated in terms of its hot ductility, measured as the reduction of area (RA). Gleeble testing with on-heating as well as on-cooling test cycles was carried out to illuminate the influence of different 4 h solution heat treatments between 996 and 1080°C. A ductility maximum of between 80 and 90%RA was found at 1050–1100°C for all conditions in the on-heating tests. Although the different heat treatment conditions showed similar macrohardness, the particle size and distribution of the γ′ and M23C6 phases differed, which significantly affected the on-heating ductility in the lower temperature test region. The ductile to brittle transition was initiated at 1100°C in the on-heating testing with indications of grain boundary liquation at the higher test temperatures. Ductility recovery, as measured in the on-cooling tests from 1240°C, was very limited with <30%RA for all conditions and test temperatures except for the 1080°C/4 h treatment, which exhibited 60%RA at 980°C.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Joel Håkan, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of different solution heat treatments on hot ductility of superalloys Part 2-Allvac 718Plus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Technology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1743-2847 .- 0267-0836. ; 28:6, s. 733-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hot ductility of Allvac 718Plus for different solution heat treatments (954 degrees C-15 h, 954 degrees C-1 h, 982 degrees C-1 h and 1050 degrees C-3 h+954 degrees C-1 h) has been investigated using Gleeble testing. Substantial variations in the microstructure among the heat treatments affected the Gleeble test hot ductility only to a very limited extent. Constitutional liquation of the NbC phase was found to be the main cause for the poor ductility at high testing temperatures in the on-heating cycle as well as at the lower temperatures on-cooling. Grain boundary delta phase was seen to assist the constitutional liquation of the NbC phase. Based on established evaluation criteria for Gleeble ductility testing, a ranked indicator for weldability is suggested.
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