| 1. |
- Ek, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Injurious Falls in Older Adults : The Role of Sex and Length of Follow-Up
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 67:2, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To identify sex-specific associations between risk factors and injurious falls over the short (<4 years) and long (4-10 years) term.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study between 2001 and 2011.SETTING: Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, Kungsholmen, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N = 3,112).MEASUREMENTS: An injurious fall was defined as a fall that required inpatient or outpatient care. Information was collected on participant and exposure characteristics using structured interviews, clinical examinations, and physical function tests at baseline.RESULTS: The multivariate model showed that, in the short term, living alone (hazard ratio (HR)=1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-2.96), dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (HR=2.59, 95% CI=1.73-3.87), and previous falls (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.08-2.72) were independently associated with injurious falls in women. Low systolic blood pressure (HR=1.96, 95% CI=1.04-3.71), impaired chair stands (HR=3.00, 95% CI=1.52-5.93), and previous falls (HR=2.81, 95% CI=1.32-5.97) were associated with injurious falls in men. Long-term risk factors were underweight (HR=2.03, 95% CI=1.40-2.95), cognitive impairment (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.08-2.06), fall-risk increasing drugs (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.27-2.20 for >= 2 drugs), and IADL dependency (HR=1.58, 95% CI=1.32-5.97) for women and smoking (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.03-2.84), heart disease (HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.5-3.24), impaired balance (HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.08-2.62), and a previous fall (HR=3.61, 95% CI=1.98-6.61) for men.CONCLUSION: Men and women have different fall risk profiles, and these differences should be considered when developing preventive strategies. Some risk factors were more strongly predictive of injurious falls over shorter than longer periods and vice versa, suggesting that it may be possible to identify older men and women at short-and long-term risk of injurious falls.
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| 2. |
- Hober, Andreas, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an enhanced antibody-validation strategy for Western blot applications based on migration pattern recognition
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of affinity reagents, such as antibodies, for studying specific molecules in complex backgrounds are some of the most powerful tools for researchers in molecular biology. However, all experiments performed using affinity reagents are directly affected by each reagent’s context-dependent ability to bind specifically to a target of interest. A growing issue with non-validated, or poorly validated affinity reagents, has been highlighted by the International Working Group for Antibody Validation (IWGAV). It has been suggested that antibodies should be evaluated in an application-specific manner since they can perform well in one application but fail to deliver reproducible results in another. One of the most commonly used antibody-based applications is the Western blot (WB) technology. When evaluating the result from a WB experiment, the initial measure used for determining whether or not the antibody binds the protein of interest is to determine the molecular weight of the protein detected by the antibody compared to a set of reference proteins. As WB relies on the SDS-PAGE for separating differently sized proteins, the comparison is actually based on protein migration during electrophoresis. It is, however, well known that the migration of a protein can differ significantly from how the reference proteins migrate. Here, we suggest a method for determining the actual migration patterns of proteins instead of relying on the theoretical molecular weight of the protein. Using this approach, called migration capture mass spectrometry (MS), a dataset containing the migration patterns of more than 39,000 protein products from more than 10,500 genes across eleven cell lines and tissues has been created. This migration capture MS approach has been validated using k-fold cross validation against 249 siRNA knockdown WBs showing that the method has a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 87.4% and accuracy of 91.9%, which makes the dataset a useful resource that can facilitate antibody validation strategies in a fit-for-purpose manner. The data set has allowed the automatic evaluation of more than 12,000 antibodies in the Human Protein Atlas using the method.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and Depression Treatment in a Population-Based Study of Individuals Over 60 Years Old Without Dementia
- 2016
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 24:8, s. 615-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression in a population-based sample of older adults, and to identify the individual profile of people who received depression treatment. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Central area (Kungsholmen) in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants: A randomized population-based sample of individuals aged 60 years and older (N = 3,084) without dementia from the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen examined between 2001 and 2004. Measurements: Experienced physicians carried out a semi-structured psychiatric examination including the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. Information regarding drug treatment and psychotherapy was collected during the examination and is based on self-report. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.9% (major depression: 0.8%, minor depression: 5.1%). In the total sample, 8.3% were prescribed an antidepressant and 0.9% were treated with psychotherapy. Among individuals with depression, fewer than one-third received treatment with psychotherapy or antidepressants, but almost half were prescribed anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs. Individuals with self-reported depression and anxiety were more likely to receive depression treatment whereas individuals with depression who reported insomnia were less likely to receive depression treatment. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that even in a central urban area of a country with an advanced healthcare system depression in old age is often unrecognized and untreated. In addition, almost half of those with depression received potentially inappropriate drug treatment with anxiolytics or hypnotics.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- McHugh Power, Joanna E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparisons of the discrepancy between loneliness and social isolation across Ireland and Sweden : findings from TILDA and SNAC-K
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 54:9, s. 1079-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Loneliness may have different cultural meanings in different countries. This may manifest as differing levels of Social Asymmetry-the discrepancy between loneliness and social isolation. Since loneliness is thought to be low in Sweden relative to more southerly countries, we hypothesised that more number of individuals would also fall into the discordant robust category of Social Asymmetry, i.e. that more individuals in Sweden would have lower loneliness levels relative to social isolation than in Ireland. We also explored the clinical relevance of Social Asymmetry in both countries, by examining its association with cognitive functioning.Methods We derived Social Asymmetry metrics in two representative cohort studies: the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Data pertaining to a dementia-free sample of 4565 Irish participants and 3042 Swedish participants, all aged over 60 years, were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach, with country as a higher-order variable.Results Contrary to the expected, more individuals in Ireland were discordant robust than in Sweden. We also found evidence for superior performance in global cognitive functioning among those in the discordant robust category relative to those in the discordant susceptible (i.e. those with higher levels of loneliness than social isolation) category, beta = 0.61, p < .001, across both countries.Conclusions Irish older adults may be more robust to the impact of social isolation on loneliness than those in the Swedish cohort. Social Asymmetry was related to cognitive functioning in both countries, suggesting that Social Asymmetry is a clinically relevant construct.
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| 6. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE FOR REFEREES TO MONITOR WHIP USE IN HORSE RACING
- 2017
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Ingår i: ISES 2017 Down Under. - 9781864673067
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no standard surveillance system for modern flat horse racing in Sweden, so the surveillance camera placement and image quality varies between tracks. Reported whip misuse and unauthorised whipping often occur outside of the camera’s view and are therefore unrecorded. Thorough investigation of the current monitoring system used in Sweden revealed concerns about whether the stewards have enough time to estimate the number of whip strikes per horse, even when camera quality is sufficient, and has led to the development of an enhanced whip system. The system prototype offers a technical solution for the supervision of whip use in modern horse racing, and it would be useful in countries where there are regulations limiting the number of strikes. Current specifications allow the system to record the attributes and number of strikes and to relay the data contemporaneously to the stewards. The system does not interfere with the operation of the camera monitoring system. Since the number of strikes is reported with total accuracy, stewards are afforded more time to focus on matters of interference and actions that are important to the final result list. The prototype is a whip with a custom-made force sensor placed on both sides of the cushion pad. The sensors measure an area 24mm wide by 275mm long and cover the entire padded part of the approved race whip. The sensor is constructed of polyester that is 0.203mm thick. The force sensor is connected to a microcontroller mounted in the handle of the whip. The microcontroller processes the sensor data and sends the information via radio waves up to 1.7km in outdoor conditions to a second microcontroller located in the steward’s office. The whip strike sensor prototype is able to distinguish between a wave of the arm that leads to no impact and a strike. The software allows the force of each strike impact to be recorded. The intention is to embed the whip strike sensor within the body of whips used in a range of equestrian disciplines in which whip use is permitted. The possibility to register the properties of whip strikes will help to safeguard the welfare of horses used in these disciplines and provide information to the equestrian community that could change the way whips are used in training and racing. Lay person message: The whipping of horses in racing leads to concerns about animal welfare globally. A whip strike sensor prototype has been developed that will facilitate detailed exploration of the effect whips have on horses and allow stewards to accurately assess the number of strikes made and forces used. It is intended to integrate strike sensors into whips used in disciplines where whipping is allowed; this will help to safeguard the welfare of horses used in these disciplines.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with physical activity reduction in Swedish older adults during the first COVID-19 outbreak : a longitudinal population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1813-7253 .- 1861-6909. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical activity (PA) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older adults, potentially leading to adverse consequences for their health. However, factors associated with reductions of PA during the pandemic have not been examined in a population-based sample of older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association of pre-pandemic physical, mental, social and lifestyle factors with reductions in PA in older adults during the first wave of COVID-19, and whether the associations differed by age and sex.Methods: A population-based sample of 624 participants aged 65-99 years were identified from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) COVID19 Study. Information on pre-pandemic factors was collected through clinical examinations, interviews, and self-administered questionnaires in 2016-2019. Changes in light and intense PA during the first wave of the pandemic (May-September 2020) were self-reported. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, stratified by age (<70 vs. >80 years) and sex.Results: There was an association between pre-pandemic levels of higher depressive symptom burden (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1-6.4, <70 years), and impaired balance (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.8, >80 years old) with reductions in light-intensity PA. Furthermore, the presence of musculoskeletal disease (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, <70 years; OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.4, men), moderate/high levels of neuroticism (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.6, <70 years; OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5, women), and poor levels of social support (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3, >80 years) were related to reductions in higher-intensity PA. Those who were current smokers (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8, <70 years; OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06-0.7, women), or had impaired balance (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8, >80 years) were less likely to reduce their levels of higher-intensity PA.Conclusions: For future pandemics or waves of COVID-19, development of strategies is warranted for older individuals with psychiatric- or physical illness/dysfunction, as well as those with poor social support to counteract reductions in physical activities.
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| 8. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Low Mood and Risk of Dementia : The Role of Marital Status and Living Situation
- 2020
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Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 28:1, s. 33-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aims to explore whether low mood is related to an increased dementia risk in two cohorts of older adults of different generations, and whether marital status and living situation modify this association. Methods: Participants (>= 70 years), free from dementia and living at home, were identified from two population-based studies: the Kungsholmen Project (KP; n = 1,197) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K; n = 1,402). Low mood was obtained by self-report (KP and SNAC-K) at baseline in 1987-89 (KP) and 2001-04 (SNAC-K). Incident dementia cases were ascertained over 9 years, using the same diagnostic procedures and comparable criteria for the two cohorts (DSM-III-R in KP and DSM-IV-TR in SNAC-K). Hazard ratios (HR) were derived from Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Those having low mood at baseline were at higher risk of dementia in both cohorts combined (HR: 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-1.4) than those without low mood. However, an increased risk was detected only in those who did not have a partner (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), or lived alone (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), but not among those who had a partner or lived with someone (HR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5-1.2). Conclusion: Marital status and living situation have the potential to buffer the detrimental effects of low mood on dementia onset. Thus, specific attention from health care should target individuals having low mood and who do not have a partner or live alone.
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of depression : Comparisons of different depression definitions in population-based samples of older adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 221, s. 123-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depression prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies, which probably reflects methodological rather than true differences. This study aims to explore whether and to what extent the prevalence of depression varies when using different diagnostic criteria and rating scales, and various samples of older adults. Methods: A population-based sample of 3353 individuals aged 60-104 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) were examined in 2001-2004. Point prevalence of depression was estimated by: 1) diagnostic criteria, ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR/DSM-5; 2) rating scales, MADRS and GDS-15; and 3) self-report. Depression prevalence in sub-samples by dementia status, living place, and socio-demographics were compared. Results: The prevalence of any depression (including all severity grades) was 4.2% (moderate/severe: 1.6%) for ICD-10 and 9.3% (major: 2.1%) for DSM-IV-TR; 10.6% for MADRS and 9.2% for GDS-15; and 9.1% for selfreport. Depression prevalence was lower in the dementia-free sample as compared to the total population. Furthermore, having poor physical function, or not having a partner were independently associated with higher depression prevalence, across most of the depression definitions. Limitations: The response rate was 73.3% and this may have resulted in an underestimation of depression. Conclusion: Depression prevalence was similar across all depression definitions except for ICD-10, showing much lower figures. However, independent of the definition used, depression prevalence varies greatly by dementia status, physical functioning, and marital status. These findings may be useful for clinicians when assessing depression in older adults and for researchers when exploring and comparing depression prevalence across studies.
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| 10. |
- Sjöberg, Linnea, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Secular changes in the relation between social factors and depression. A study of two birth cohorts of Swedish septuagenarians followed for 5 years.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 150:2, s. 245-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Rapid societal changes occurred in the Western world during the 20th century. It is not clear whether this has changed the relation between social factors and depression in older people. Methods: Representative samples of 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined with identical psychiatric examinations in 1971-72 (N= 392; 226 women and 166 men) and 2000-01 (N= 499; 270 women and 229 men). Follow-up studies were conducted after five years. Social factors were obtained by self-report and depression was diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR. Results: Feelings of loneliness were related to both concurrent depression at baseline and new depression at follow-up in both birth cohorts. Visits with others than children and neighbours once per month or less, compared to having more visits, and the perception of having too little contact with others, were related to both concurrent and new depression in 70-year-olds examined 1971-72, but not in those examined 30 years later. Limitations: The response rate declined from 85.2 % in 1971-72 to 65.8 % in 2000-01. Participation bias may have resulted in an underestimation of depression in the later-born cohort. Conclusions: Social contacts with others were related to depression in 70-year-olds examined in the 1970s, but not in those examined in the 2000s. This may reflect period changes in the ways of socialising, communicating and entertaining, e.g. due to technological development and expansion of mass media. Findings may be useful when developing modern and effective programs for the prevention of mental ill-health in older people.
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