| 1. |
- Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2016 : Resursöversikt
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter uppdelade i olika bestånd, samt sju skal- och blötdjursarter.Nytt för årets upplaga är kapitlet om ekosystemtjänster. Avsnittet beskriver de fördelar människan får genom ekosystemen, till exempel hur fisk och skaldjur kommer till nytta för människan genom föda, rekreation och biologisk mångfald. Nytt för i år är också att rapportens diagram och figurer anpassats för läsare med defekt färgseende.Översikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Air-sea gas transfer in high Arctic fjords
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 44:5, s. 2519-2526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Arctic fjords and high-latitude seas, strong surface cooling dominates during a large part of the year, generating water-side convection (w*w) and enhanced turbulence in the water. These regions are key areas for the global carbon cycle; thus, a correct description of their air-sea gas exchange is crucial. CO2-data were measured via the eddy covariance technique in marine Arctic conditions and reveal that water-side convection has a major impact on the gas transfer velocity. This is observed even at wind speeds as high as 9 m s-1, where convective motions are generally thought to be suppressed by wind-driven turbulence. The enhanced air-sea transfer of CO2 caused by water-side convection nearly doubled the CO2uptake, after scaled to open sea conditions the contribution from to the CO2 flux remained as high as 34%; this phenomenon is expected to be highly important for the total carbon uptake in marine Arctic areas.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Andreas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced air-sea exchange of CO2 over a high Arctic fjord during unstable very close to neutral conditions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eddy covariance measurements over a high Arctic fjord reveals higher turbulent levels than normally found from classical surface layer theory. When conditions become unstable close to neutral i.e. -0.15<z/L< 0 the exchange coefficient for sensible heat, CH, is significantly enhanced compared to traditional parameterizations. Inspection of co-spectra of vertical wind (w) and temperature (T), wT show how a high frequency peak starts to develop around f≈1 Hz as z/L>-0.15, simultaneously quadrant analysis displays how the contribution from downdrafts to the vertical flux of temperature and CO2 increases. These findings are the signature of the evolving UVCN (Unstable Very Close to Neutral) regime, previously shown to enhance the vertical fluxes of temperature and humidity. In this study we show that the additional small scale turbulence related to these conditions also has the potential to enhance the vertical flux of CO2. Different to the vertical flux of temperature and humidity wq, the enhancement are not solely explained by the different properties of the air from aloft. We suggest that a part of the observed increase in CO2 flux and gas transfer velocity of CO2 when z/L> -0.1, also is generated by the increased levels of , causing higher levels of water-side turbulence. In winter the Arctic marine boundary layer is characterized by unstable stratification and during the nearly two months of measurements presented here as much as 36% of all data where associated to conditions with z/L in the range -0.15<z/L< 0.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Air–Sea Exchange of Heat and Carbon Dioxide Over a High Arctic Fjord During Unstable Very-Close-to-Neutral Conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Boundary-layer Meteorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-8314 .- 1573-1472. ; 170:3, s. 471-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eddy-covariance measurements made in the marine atmospheric boundary layer above a high Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) are analyzed. When conditions are unstable, but close to neutral −0.1 < z/L < 0, where z is the height, and L is the Obukhov length, the exchange coefficient for sensible heat CH is significantly enhanced compared with that expected from classical surface-layer theory. Cospectra of the vertical velocity component (w) and temperature (T) reveal that a high-frequency peak develops at f ≈ 1 Hz for z/L > − 0.15. A quadrant analysis reveals that the contribution from downdrafts to the vertical heat flux increases as conditions become close to neutral. These findings are the signature of the evolving unstable very-close-to-neutral (UVCN) regime previously shown to enhance the magnitude of sensible and latent heat fluxes in the marine surface layer over the Baltic Sea. Our data reveal the significance of the UVCN regime for the vertical flux of the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (C). The cospectrum of w and C clearly shows how the high-frequency peak grows in magnitude for z/L > − 0.15, while the high-frequency peak dominates for z/L > − 0.02. As found for the heat flux, the quadrant analysis of the CO2 flux shows a connection between the additional small-scale turbulence and downdrafts from above. In contrast to the vertical fluxes of sensible and latent heat, which are primarily enhanced by the very different properties of the air from aloft (colder and drier) during UVCN conditions, the increase in the air–sea transfer of CO2 is possibly a result of the additional small-scale turbulence causing an increase in the water-side turbulence. The data indicate an increase in the gas-transfer velocity for CO2 for z/L > − 0.15 but with a large scatter. During the nearly 2 months of continuous measurements (March–April 2013), as much as 36% of all data are associated with the stability range −0.15 < z/L < 0, suggesting that the UVCN regime is of significance in the wintertime Arctic for the air–sea transfer of heat and possibly also CO2.
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| 5. |
- Conrady, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Amplitude modulation of wind turbine sound in cold climates
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X. ; 158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amplitude modulation is assumed to be a major annoyance factor of wind turbine sound. However, studies on the generation of amplitude modulation and the impact of atmospheric conditions on amplitude modulation are limited, especially in cold climates. Long-term acoustic and meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm in northern Sweden show a dependence of the occurrence of amplitude modulation on wind direction and atmospheric stability. The occurrence of amplitude modulation is highest for crosswinds from southwest, compared with the other wind directions. Moreover, the occurrence of amplitude modulation is clearly linked to atmospheric stability and highest for very stable conditions. The impact of atmospheric stability is supported by analyses of wind shear, the wind speed gradient close to the surface and the bulk Richardson number. Amplitude modulation is more likely during winter than during summer and more likely during night and early morning than during noon and early afternoon.
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| 6. |
- Conrady, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of low-level wind maxima below hub height on wind turbine sound propagation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wind Energy. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 1095-4244 .- 1099-1824. ; 23:8, s. 1767-1775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analysis of the effect of low-level wind maxima (LLWM) below hub height on sound propagating from wind turbines has been performed at a site in northern Sweden. The stably stratified boundary layer, which is typical for cold climates, commonly features LLWM. The simplified concept for the effects of refraction, based on the logarithmic wind profile or other approaches where the wind speed is continuously increasing with height, is often not applicable there. Long-term meteorological measurements in the vicinity of a wind farm were therefore used to identify LLWM. Sound measurements were conducted simultaneously to the meteorological measurements. LLWM below hub height decrease the sound level close to the surface downwind of the wind farm. This effect increases with increasing strength of the LLWM. The occurrence of LLWM as well as strength and height of the LLWM are dependent on the wind direction.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Glimelius, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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U-CAN : a prospective longitudinal collection of biomaterials and clinical information from adult cancer patients in Sweden.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 187-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Progress in cancer biomarker discovery is dependent on access to high-quality biological materials and high-resolution clinical data from the same cases. To overcome current limitations, a systematic prospective longitudinal sampling of multidisciplinary clinical data, blood and tissue from cancer patients was therefore initiated in 2010 by Uppsala and Umeå Universities and involving their corresponding University Hospitals, which are referral centers for one third of the Swedish population.Material and Methods: Patients with cancer of selected types who are treated at one of the participating hospitals are eligible for inclusion. The healthcare-integrated sampling scheme encompasses clinical data, questionnaires, blood, fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, diagnostic slides and radiology bioimaging data.Results: In this ongoing effort, 12,265 patients with brain tumors, breast cancers, colorectal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematological malignancies, lung cancers, neuroendocrine tumors or prostate cancers have been included until the end of 2016. From the 6914 patients included during the first five years, 98% were sampled for blood at diagnosis, 83% had paraffin-embedded and 58% had fresh frozen tissues collected. For Uppsala County, 55% of all cancer patients were included in the cohort.Conclusions: Close collaboration between participating hospitals and universities enabled prospective, longitudinal biobanking of blood and tissues and collection of multidisciplinary clinical data from cancer patients in the U-CAN cohort. Here, we summarize the first five years of operations, present U-CAN as a highly valuable cohort that will contribute to enhanced cancer research and describe the procedures to access samples and data.
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| 10. |
- Sjöblom, Anna, Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Flow over a snow-water-snow surface in the high Arctic, Svalbard : Turbulent fluxes and comparison of observation techniques
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polar Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-9652 .- 1876-4428. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From observations in a High Arctic valley and ice-free fjord in Svalbard during March and April 2013 we show that, while some caution needs to be applied, ordinary slow-response instruments placed over a snow-water-snow surface can be effectively used as a proxy for more sophisticated measuring techniques at complex sites such as leads or a polynyas. The turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat were measured at three locations with a snow-water-snow fetch. At the snow site upwind of the water, the stability was generally stable, the momentum flux small, and the sensible heat flux positive. Over the water however, the internal boundary layer that was formed gave on average an increased vertical gradient in wind speed, temperature, and humidity and turbulent heat fluxes exceeding 400 W m−2. At the snow surface downwind of the water, the conditions were highly variable and all the fluxes were, on average, of very small magnitude. That the behaviour of the internal boundary layers can be highly variable is demonstrated through four case studies. This phenomenon is likely to increase in occurrence with a changing climate.
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