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- Müller, Dagmar, 1987-
(författare)
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Social Networks and the School-to-Work Transition
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: This paper studies the importance of market work during high school for graduates' school-to-work transition and career. Relying on Swedish linked employer-employee data, I show that such work provides students with an important job-search channel that some graduates are deprived of due to establishment closures that occur just prior to graduation and labor market entry. I identify the effects of the closures by comparing classmates from the same vocational tracks and find immediate and sizable negative effects on employment and earnings after graduation. The effects persist for up to 10 years, but are not permanent. Graduates who lose a connection in an industry that is relevant to their specialization in vocational school adjust by finding employment in less-relevant industries.Essay II (with Lena Hensvik and Oskar Nordström Skans): Using Swedish economy-wide data spanning across two deep recessions, we examine how the role of social contacts in matching labor market entrants to employing firms changes with labor market conditions. We measure social contacts acquired during paid work while in high-school and rely on interacted class-plant fixed-effects models to isolate the effects of interest. One third of post-graduation matches are formed at establishments where youths worked during their studies. Furthermore, graduates are much more likely to match with sites to which coworkers from these jobs have relocated. These patterns are strikingly counter-cyclical, suggesting that social contacts are crucial determinants of matching patterns in bad times.Essay III: I provide empirical evidence on whether a longer education can causally reduce the reliance on social contacts in the transition from school-to-work as suggested by previous theoretical work. Relying on matched employer-employee data, I exploit a Swedish trial that generated exogenous variation in the length of vocational upper secondary education and analyze how this affected the use of parental job-search contacts. I find a negative and non-trivial impact on the probability of working at the same establishment as a parent during the early career, which is entirely driven by students with high-educated parents. For the group where the use of parental ties is most prevalent, students with low-educated parents, the reliance on parents appears resilient to policy-induced changes in the length of education.
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| 2. |
- Si, Wei, 1988-
(författare)
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Empirical Essays in Labor and Development Economics
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three self-contained empirical essays in labor and development economics.Diverse Expertise, Peer Effects, and Research Productivity: Does diversity in idea space matter? We empirically explore whether the cognitive distance between collaborators affects peer effects and productivity in creating knowledge. We measure the cognitive distance between two researchers based on their publication distributions and citation relations across academic journals in which they have publications. Using individual-level panel data from the Web of Science databases of academic papers published from 1980 to 2013, we estimate the changes in productivity of the coauthors of active and eminent life scientists who passed away unexpectedly and prematurely to examine whether the impacts on coauthors differ with the cognitive distance. The results show that cognitively close coauthors are more likely to experience a lasting decrease in research productivity for both quantity and quality measures, while cognitively distant coauthors are affected mainly in output quantity. The findings suggest that both knowledge spillovers and skill complementarity play a role in collaborations. The loss of an irreplaceable source of ideas seems to have a more adverse impact on a scientist's productivity than the potentially imperfect skill substitution that follows such a loss.Public Health Insurance and the Labor Market: Evidence from China's Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance provides empirical evidence on labor market effects of public health insurance, using evidence from a national public health insurance program in China, the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), which targeted residents in urban areas, who were not insured by the pre-existing employment-based health insurance. I find that the URBMI did not have a significant average causal effect on employment for the sample as a whole. However, URBMI increased self-employment among workers who used to be employees in the formal sector, indicating a reduction in job lock. After the program was implemented, employment in the informal sector among women and the lower-educated increased, while labor supply among people with more schooling decreased. The results are consistent with evidence of the labor market impacts of public health insurance on reducing job lock, increasing informality, and affecting labor supply for different sub-populations.Higher Education and Women's Empowerment: Evidence from China's Higher Education Expansion studies the impact of higher education on women’s empowerment, taking advantage of China’s higher education expansion in the late 1990s. Higher education may potentially foster women’s empowerment by reducing gender stereotyping and promoting women in the labor market. I estimate the impacts on educational attainment, attitudes on gender norms, labor market outcomes, and marital matching. The empirical results show that the reform has significantly increased higher educational attainment for women. However, it did not change traditional gender norms and marital matching patterns concerning labor market outcomes. The results may be attributed to the fact that there was no improvement of women’s disadvantaged status in the labor market and households after the expansion. The findings suggest that it is critical to promote gender equality in the labor market and help women to overcome the dilemma between career and family to foster female empowerment.
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| 3. |
- Nasr, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid, non-invasive, clinical surveillance for CachExia, sarcopenia, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma in end-stage liver disease : the ACCESS-ESLD study protocol
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-230X. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis, the advanced stage of many chronic liver diseases, is associated with escalated risks of liver-related complications like decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis patients are linked to portal hypertension, sarcopenia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although conventional cirrhosis management centered on treating complications, contemporary approaches prioritize preemptive measures. This study aims to formulate novel blood- and imaging-centric methodologies for monitoring liver cirrhosis patients.METHODS: In this prospective study, 150 liver cirrhosis patients will be enrolled from three Swedish liver clinics. Their conditions will be assessed through extensive blood-based markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI protocol encompasses body composition profile with Muscle Assement Score, portal flow assessment, magnet resonance elastography, and a abbreviated MRI for HCC screening. Evaluation of lifestyle, muscular strength, physical performance, body composition, and quality of life will be conducted. Additionally, DNA, serum, and plasma biobanking will facilitate future investigations.DISCUSSION: The anticipated outcomes involve the identification and validation of non-invasive blood- and imaging-oriented biomarkers, enhancing the care paradigm for liver cirrhosis patients. Notably, the temporal evolution of these biomarkers will be crucial for understanding dynamic changes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration identifier NCT05502198. Registered on 16 August 2022. Link: https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT05502198 .
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