| 1. |
- Berglind, Sven-Åke, 1961-
(författare)
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Population Dynamics and Conservation of the Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis) on the Edge of its Range
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) reaches the northern periphery of its distribution in south-central Sweden, where small, isolated relict populations occur in pine heath forests on sandy sediments. Modern forestry and fire suppression have reduced the amount of suitable open habitat for the species in this area and seem to be important for its decline. Main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the efficiency of different management strategies, and if the sand lizard can function as an umbrella species for biodiversity conservation. Over a 16-year period, the estimated annual numbers of adult females in each of two study populations fluctuated between 23 and 3. Simulations of stochastic future population growth showed that the risk of extinction was highly dependent on population growth rate, which in turn was strongly affected by juvenile survival as indicated by elasticity analysis. Simulations of population growth for 50 years showed that the quasi-extinction risk (threshold ≤ 10 females) was > 56% for patches ≤ 1 ha; which is the observed average size of suitable habitat for inhabited patches during a 10-year period. In managed metapopulation networks with highly co-fluctuating local populations, among-population dispersal was not important to reduce extinction risks over a 50-year horizon. In the field the preferred microhabitat of sand lizards was successfully restored using tree felling and patch-soil scarification. The lizards gradually colonized the restored patches, and 16 years after restoration, sand lizards where mainly found there. Pine-heath area, and patch area within individual pine heaths, were of major importance for long-term population persistence at regional and landscape scales, respectively. Analyses of nested species subsets and an umbrella index suggest that the sand lizard can be a useful cross-taxonomic umbrella species on both scales for other red-listed species.
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| 2. |
- Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of patch characteristics and isolation on relative abundance of the scarce heath butterfly Coenonympha hero (Nymphalidae)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 12:5, s. 477-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scarce heath (Coenonympha hero) is an internationally threatened butterfly in Western Europe, where it occurs primarily on hay fields and abandoned arable land in a small-scale agricultural landscape of south-central Scandinavia. Due to afforestation, this habitat is becoming increasingly fragmented in Sweden, and it can be expected that the scarce heath will decline abruptly when threshold conditions for metapopulation persistence are no longer met. We used stepwise polychotomous logistic regression to compare habitat characteristics and isolation measures for patches that harbour large, small or no populations, respectively, in an area of south-western Sweden. We found that patch area, distance to the nearest large population and amount of Galium spp. explained a significant part of the variation in relative abundance among patches. Distance to nearest large population resulted in a better model to predict occupancy than both distance to the nearest inhabited patch and connectivity, which suggests that primarily large populations act as sources for small satellite populations. Today, sites of three of the eight larger populations in the study area have been planted with spruce or pine and will disappear within 20 years. We argue that the disappearance of these patches may very well lead to rapid extinction of the whole metapopulation system.
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| 3. |
- Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Limited dispersal by the rare scarce heath butterfly - potential consequences for population persistence
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 11:2, s. 113-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersal between habitat patches may be important for the long-term persistence of populations. We conducted a mark-release-recapture study and analysed the dispersal pattern in the scarce heath butterfly inhabiting a network of suitable habitat patches using stepwise logistic regression (SLR) and the Virtual Migration (VM) model. We also analysed the influence of different types of matrices. We found that the majority of the recaptured butterflies remained within the patch where they were originally caught. However, dispersal between patches did occur and both the SLR analysis and the VM model indicated that the migration pattern was significantly associated with patch area and its level of isolation. The SLR model also showed that there was a positive association between immigration rate and tree density, supporting earlier observations that this species prefers semi-open habitat. We discuss the use of SLR versus the VM model to analyse recapture data in dispersal studies. This system is not at equilibrium, as a number of the most important patches in the network are continuously being lost due to afforestation and a number of populations are facing deterministic extinction. This increases the risk of a chain reaction of local extinctions, which may cause a collapse of the whole system.
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| 4. |
- Díez-del-Molino, David, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics reveals lack of greater white-fronted introgression into the Swedish lesser white-fronted goose
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interspecific introgression is considered a potential threat to endangered taxa. One example where this has had a major impact on conservation policy is the lesser white-fronted goose (LWfG). After a dramatic decline in Sweden, captive breeding birds were released between 1981–1999 with the aim to reinforce the population. However, the detection of greater white-fronted goose (GWfG) mitochondrial DNA in the LWfG breeding stock led to the release program being dismantled, even though the presence of GWfG introgression in the actual wild Swedish LWfG population was never documented. To examine this, we sequenced the complete genomes of 21 LWfG birds from the Swedish, Russian and Norwegian populations, and compared these with genomes from other goose species, including the GWfG. We found no evidence of interspecific introgression into the wild Swedish LWfG population in either nuclear genomic or mitochondrial data. Moreover, Swedish LWfG birds are genetically distinct from the Russian and Norwegian populations and display comparatively low genomic diversity and high levels of inbreeding. Our findings highlight the utility of genomic approaches in providing scientific evidence that can help improve conservation management as well as policies for breeding and reinforcement programmes.
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| 5. |
- Fleischmann, E, et al.
(författare)
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Focal species modeling for biodiversity conservation
- 2000
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Ingår i: The use of population viability analyses in conservation planning. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard. - 8716163826 ; , s. 85-99
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Webbaserad enkät om viltforskningen finansierad av Naturvårdsverket 2004–2014
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket genomför 2017–2018 en utvärdering av viltforskningen som finansierats med medel ur Viltvårdsfonden åren 2003–2014. Utvärderingen består av tre delar: (1) en bibliometrisk analys av hur mycket som forskningen under perioden senare har citerats, (2) en webbaserad enkätundersökning om viltforskningen och dess relevans bland intressenter som deltar i eller på annat sätt berörs av viltförvaltningen i Sverige, och (3) en summerande utvärdering under 2018 av en internationell vetenskaplig expertpanel.Den här rapporten redovisar resultaten från den webbaserade enkätundersökningen som genomfördes 23 maj till 30 juni 2017Syftet med enkäten var att få en bild av i vilken grad den finansierade forskningen gett relevant kunskap till stöd för en hållbar förvaltning av vilt i Sverige, om den kommunicerats på bra sätt samt vad som eventuellt saknas.
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| 7. |
- Hoban, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity targets and indicators in the CBD post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework must be improved
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) will soon agree to a post-2020 global framework for conserving the three elements of biodiversity (genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity) while ensuring sustainable development and benefit sharing. As the most significant global conservation policy mechanism, the new CBD framework has far-reaching consequences- it will guide conservation actions and reporting for each member country until 2050. In previous CBD strategies, as well as other major conservation policy mechanisms, targets and indicators for genetic diversity (variation at the DNA level within species, which facilitates species adaptation and ecosystem function) were undeveloped and focused on species of agricultural relevance. We assert that, to meet global conservation goals, genetic diversity within all species, not just domesticated species and their wild relatives, must be conserved and monitored using appropriate metrics. Building on suggestions in a recent Letter in Science (Laikre et al., 2020) we expand argumentation for three new, pragmatic genetic indicators and modifications to two current indicators for maintaining genetic diversity and adaptive capacity of all species, and provide guidance on their practical use. The indicators are: 1) the number of populations with effective population size above versus below 500, 2) the proportion of populations maintained within species, 3) the number of species and populations in which genetic diversity is monitored using DNA-based methods. We also present and discuss Goals and Action Targets for post-2020 biodiversity conservation which are connected to these indicators and underlying data. These pragmatic indicators and goals have utility beyond the CBD; they should benefit conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity via national and global policy for decades to come.
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| 8. |
- Hoban, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible
- 2021
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 71:9, s. 964-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity-one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species' adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to knowledge gaps in key areas, including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends in genetic diversity change; the perceived high expense and low availability and the scattered nature of genetic data; and complicated concepts and information that are inaccessible to policymakers. However, numerous recent advances in knowledge, technology, databases, practice, and capacity have now set the stage for better integration of genetic diversity in policy instruments and conservation efforts. We review these developments and explore how they can support improved consideration of genetic diversity in global conservation policy commitments and enable countries to monitor, report on, and take action to maintain or restore genetic diversity.
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| 9. |
- Hoban, Sean, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring status and trends in genetic diversity for the Convention on Biological Diversity : An ongoing assessment of genetic indicators in nine countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Conservation Letters. - 1755-263X. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent scientific evidence shows that genetic diversity must be maintained, managed, and monitored to protect biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Three genetic diversity indicators, two of which do not require DNA-based assessment, have been proposed for reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity and other conservation and policy initiatives. These indicators allow an approximation of the status and trends of genetic diversity to inform policy, using existing demographic and geographic information. Application of these indicators has been initiated and here we describe ongoing efforts in calculating these indicators with examples. We specifically describe a project underway to apply these indicators in nine countries, provide example calculations, address concerns of policy makers and implementation challenges, and describe a roadmap for further development and deployment, incorporating feedback from the broader community. We also present guidance documents and data collection tools for calculating indicators. We demonstrate that Parties can successfully and cost-effectively report these genetic diversity indicators with existing biodiversity observation data, and, in doing so, better conserve the Earth's biodiversity.
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| 10. |
- Puranen-Li, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Complementary analyses of geneticMinimum Viable Population size ofScandinavian bears (Ursus arctos)
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This short report presents the results of analyses and assessment of genetic Minimum Viable Population size of Scandinavian bears (Ursus arctos) that complement the population viability analyses already performed by Torbjörn Nilsson (2013). This is one of the scientific reports underpinning the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency’s Article-17 reporting in 2013 of Favourable Reference Population size for the brown bear in Sweden. It presents complementary population viability analyses of the Scandinavian population with the VORTEX software to quantify minimum viable population size (MVP) estimates in relation to two criteria for genetic viability. The analyses were based on simulations without immigration and mutation, and using the same demographic data from empirical studies of the Scandinavian population as were used in a previous SEPA report (6549), except for the updated data on the reproductive success of males. The genetic MVP corresponding to < 5% loss of genetic variability (i.e. heterozygosity) in 100 years was estimated at > 380 bears when effects of catastrophes were not simulated, and at > 400 bears when effects of rare catastrophes were included. The genetic MVP corresponding to an effective population size (Ne) of > 500 was estimated at > 2250 bears when effects of catastrophes were not simulated, and at > 2350 bears when rare catastrophes were included. The study approach and results are discussed, for example, in relation to the two MVP criteria, FRP, and to the degree of genetic differentiation and isolation of the Scandinavian bear population.
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