| 1. |
- Afridi, Amjad, et al.
(författare)
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Management of municipal street network in Sweden : results from a national survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 395-396
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Management of street networks is different from state roads due to its multifunctional role in society. This requires timely maintenance of the street network to improve socioeconomic development. Municipalities in Sweden are responsible for the management of about 42000 km of street network in their jurisdiction. Maintenance budget and resources vary from municipality to municipality depending on their network size, geographical location, and population density. A questionnaire was sent to all 290 municipalities across the country to investigate the street network and pavement management practices at the municipal level. An in-depth interview of 14 municipalities took place afterwards. A total of 51% of responses were officially received to highlight the frequently and infrequently occurring pavement distresses and their causes. Furthermore, the study highlights the maintenance approaches and allocation of budget to manage the street network. Lastly, the study highlights the factors which need to be addressed to improve street network management. Visual assessment of pavements is common and the use of pavement management system (PMS) is not only limited but also lacks pavement performance prediction models. Common pavement distresses are excessive formation of potholes, surface unevenness and alligator distress among the municipalities. Frequent causes of distress include the ageing of the street network, heavy vehicles, patching and high traffic flow. Furthermore, cold climate and population density are important factors in the degradation process. Allocation of maintenance and reconstruction budget is relatively high in municipalities located in the north. Densely populated municipalities have higher taxpayers’ contributions to maintenance and reconstruction. Other major issues are limited resources and maintenance of budget, which adversely affect the maintenance backlog and the choice of maintenance alternatives, ultimately the decision-making. This restricts the use of preventive maintenance among the municipalities. Municipalities are required to improve the frequency and quality of pavement data collection, enhance the sophistication of PMS by using pavement deterioration models, and increase the maintenance budget and resources. An insight into the capabilities of municipalities would help in long-term strategic planning and effective utilisation of the maintenance budget to improve the street network across the country.
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| 2. |
- Afridi, Muhammad Amjad, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal street maintenance challenges and management practices in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Built Environment. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-3362. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The municipal street network acts as a multifunctional asset by providing people, vehicles and public services with a well-functioning infrastructure. To keep it in good condition, optimal maintenance measures are required which would result in an efficient use of taxpayers' money. This paper investigates the street network deterioration processes and the management practices that the municipal administrations have applied in Sweden. The study is based on a survey with Swedish municipalities using questionnaires and complementary interviews. The answers provide insight into a wide range of common pavement distresses and deterioration factors, along with pavement management practices. The study identifies that potholes, surface unevenness and alligator cracking are the most cited challenges, while pavement ageing, heavy traffic and patches are the most noted causes. Similarly, the cold climate and population density are influential factors in pavement deterioration. Allocation of the maintenance and rehabilitation and reconstruction budget is higher in the northern part of the country as well as in densely populated municipalities. Condition data collection and use of commercial Pavement Management Systems (PMS) are limited. Addressing the challenges effectively may be possible through the enhancement of the budget, feasible/clear guidelines from municipal councils/politicians, and reducing the gap between street network administrations and utility service providers.
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| 3. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Deliverable Nr 4 – Consistent treatment in relation to the severity of a curve, a driving simulator study
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this work is to develop guidelines for evaluation of potential treatments, categorized as “self-explaining treatments” by the use of a driving simulator. More specific the driving simulator study had the aim:• To evaluate the effectiveness of curve treatments, in particular to determine whether a combination of treatments on curves according to their severity could help drivers correctly establish the severity of a curve in advance, and therefore adapt their speed appropriately.In total 35 participants, divided into two groups, drove approximately 46 minutes on a rural road with 3 baseline curves without treatment and 9 curves with treatment of varying levels. In total three different treatment levels and three different curves were used. One group received treatments before each curve that correspond to the severity of the curve (slight curve – low treatment level; moderate curve – medium treatment level; severe curve – high treatment level); the other group experienced inconsistent treatments by being exposed to all nine possible combination of curve and treatments.The analysis of the effects on speed in average and at each point (v0 to v5) was done with Mixed Model ANOVA. Dependent variables were speed measurements in the different points along the curve (v0 to v5) and the average speed through the total curve (from point v0 to v5). The analyses were done both for absolute speeds and for the relative change in speed from starting point (v0). Independent variables were consistent/inconsistent group; curve (1-3), treatment level (1–3) and time on task, here called order (1–9). Subject was used as random and nested on group. In addition the most severe curve was analysed separately in order to compare the groups.In conclusion the result showed that in most cases there were significant effects for treatment levels, severity of the curve, order (time on task), and for subject. There was no significant main effect on group (consistent/inconsistent). However, there was an interaction between curve and group, telling us that the consistent marking significantly reduced the average speed among those with consistent treatment. This holds true also for the speed at point v2, v3 and v5. A final argument for the effectiveness of consistent treatment is that if only the severe curve was considered, there was a significant effect of group.Guidelines for evaluationIt was found that our used method to evaluate the effects of speed adjustment worked well. 35 participants each drove approximately 45 minutes. They were divided into a consistent and one inconsistent group. Three levels of treatment and three severities of curves were used. The dependent variable was the speed measured at three points along the curve. This methodology could be used to evaluate other types of self-explaining treatments. But since a driving simulator study requires a lot of planning (expensive) it is suggested to initially do an expert workshop to evaluate and select the suitable SER treatment and also detailed scenario description.
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| 4. |
- Arnberg, Peter W., et al.
(författare)
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The Laser RST : Current status
- 1991
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and well-maintained road systems are necessary for the economic well being of any industrialized country. Maintenance and rehabilitation of existing roads have taken priority over new construction in recent years, thus making information about the condition of road surfaces extremely important. Several methods of gathering this information have been developed worldwide; one of them is Laser Road Surface Tester (Laser RST), which was developed in Sweden in 1981. The Laser RST is a laser-based, computer-automated, non-contact road profilometer system with the ability to collect and simultaneously process data about the road surface. Variables measured include rut depth, unevenness, cracking, megatexture, rough macrotexture, fine macrotexture, crossfall, curves, and elapsed distance. Subjective evaluations are also supported, if desired. Eleven laser rangefinders (LRFs), mounted on the front of the Laser RST van, are the primary components of the data collection system. They scan the road with high-speed, high-resolution distance sampling. The signals from the lasers are sent through signal processing cards (SPCs) and then to a computer inside the van for final processing. Data is stored on floppy disk and printed by an on-board printer. The Laser RST is an extremely complex system but it is also a modular one, making troubleshooting and repair relatively easy, inexpensive, and fast. This paper discusses the various modules available. Variables measured are defined and measurement algorithms detailed. The Laser RST system can be customized to meet specific user requirements quickly and easily.
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| 5. |
- Benbow, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Toolbox, review of functional triggers : Selection of maintenance candidates
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ToolBox aims at developing a “concept for proper maintenance planning” to assure the selection of adequate maintenance works (“schemes” or “objects”) to make effective use of the maintenance budget, based on available road condition data, to give minimal negative effects on road users, safety for road workers and the environment. This report covers the first phase of the ToolBox findings and development. In chapter 2 there are a discussion on technical parameters and the use of them. This is followed with a listing of available technical parameters in the partner countries, chapter 4. A state of the art covering how selections of maintenance candidates are done in the respective countries follows including a comprehensive reporting of indicators and parameters available. Finally the chapter 6 covers the selection of models that will be used to evaluate the functional performances decided.
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| 6. |
- Edvardsson, Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Objektiv mätmetod för tillståndsbedömning av grusväglag
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fram tills nu har tillståndsmätningar på grusvägnätet gjorts subjektivt enligt Trafikverkets metodbeskrivning. I denna rapport redovisas en objektiv metodik för kontinuerlig mätning av ojämnheter, löst grus, damm och tvärfall på grusväg. Projektet som redovisas i rapporten syftar till att utveckla en tillförlitlig, objektiv och mobil metodik för kontinuerlig mätning av tillståndsparametrarna på grusväg samt att rekommendera en objektiv inventeringsmetod för dräneringstillståndet i en grusvägskonstruktion. Metodiken har tagits fram för att ge större möjligheter till bedömningar av optimal åtgärd och åtgärdstidpunkt samt för att kunna ligga till grund för nya metod- och standardbeskrivningar samt definition av lägsta acceptabla standard. Resultatet visar att de objektiva tillståndsmått som bäst tycks beskriva efterfrågad funktionalitet på grusväg är acceleration uppmätt med en applikation i en smarttelefon vad gäller jämnhet, samt uppmätt med laserutrustad mätbil: makrotextur vad gäller löst grus och laserpulsens genomsnittliga reflektionstid över vägens tvärprofil vad gäller damm. Som en objektiv inventeringsmetod för dräneringstillståndet hos en grusväg föreslås dikesmätningar (med sveplaserteknik) som säkerställer tillfredställande dikesdjup, tvärfallsmätningar (med laserutrustad mätbil), mätningar av stödremsan (med sveplaserteknik) som säkerställer att det inte förekommer kanthäng etc. som i sin tur förhindrar vattenavrinning från vägen, samt mätning av återkommande och/eller snabbt tillväxande ojämnheter. Eftersom grusväglagstillståndet är så snabbt föränderligt på en grusväg behövs en snabb och förenklad variant av vägytemätning om det ska vara kostnadseffektivt med dessa typer av mätningar på vägnätsnivå. Att använda en smarttelefon med en applikation för jämnhetsmätning är ett enkelt och kostnadseffektivt sätt att generera aktuell tillståndsdata för grusvägnätet. Applikationen skulle också kunna kompletteras med en knapp för att allmänheten ska kunna rapportera och märka ut skador på vägen eller kopplas ihop med entreprenörens GPS-uppkopplade inrapporteringssystem för att märka ut speciellt intressanta platser, såsom platser för tjällyftning eller erosion.
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| 7. |
- Freitas, Elisabete, et al.
(författare)
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Tests and Surveillance on Pavement Surface Characteristics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 135-161
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pavement surface characteristics have been gaining relevance with the changing mobility paradigm as they greatly contribute to the degree of safety, comfort, environmental quality and long lasting pavements. The surveillance methods of pavement surface characteristics have evolved from manual to semi- and automated methods and also to more cost-effective methods. Automated condition surveys provide objective high-quality data. At network level, pavement distresses, friction, evenness and texture are currently surveilled. More rarely surveyed and related to sustainability demands are tyre-road noise and rolling resistance. They rely on dedicated pavement data collection vehicles or trailers coupled to vehicles, equipped with high-speed digital cameras, laser systems, ultrasonic sensors, accelerometers, microphones, etc. As a complementary alternative to these methods, unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras as well as smartphone-based data collection methods are arising. In a design framework, the laboratory methods to survey pavement surface characteristics often use the same technology as in the field tests adapted to a much smaller scale and lower testing speed. In this chapter, the latest advances in laboratory and field tests, and surveillance methods of pavement surface characteristics are described and their performance is analyzed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Thomas, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Indikatorer för Trafikverkets uppföljning av underhåll på belagda vägar : leveranskvaliteter för de transportpolitiska målen
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett sätt för Trafikverket att följa upp effekterna av underhållet på de statliga vägarna är genom att använda sig av indikatorer. De indikatorer som beskrivs i denna rapport benämns som andra ordningens indikatorer och byggs upp av underliggande data. Indikatorerna som vi valt att arbeta med ska på ett allsidigt och transparent sätt beskriva hur Trafikverket uppfyller leveranskvaliteten för punktlighet, kapacitet, robusthet, användarbarhet, säkerhet samt miljö och hälsa. I denna förstudie sammanfattar vi en kunskapsöversikt för valda indikatorer och förslag på hur de kan implementeras i Trafikverkets pavement management system. De indikatorer som vi arbetar med är Säkerhet, Komfort, Strukturellt tillstånd, Rullmotstånd, Buller, Luftkvalitet, Godsskador, Ytskador, Fordonsslitage och slutligen en indikator för Hälsa. Det finns många aspekter att ta hänsyn till då en indikator introduceras. Den absolut viktigaste är, bortsett från att den är validerad, att den får acceptans och används. Det finns många sätt att använda en indikator och att enbart titta på absoluta värden är svårt för en sammansatt indikator. Relativa skillnader vid årliga uppföljningar är att föredra för att avgöra om strategier får avsedd effekt.
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| 10. |
- Lundberg, Thomas, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Makrotexturens möjlighet att identifiera låg friktion : tillståndsmätning av vägytan
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trafikverket vill kunna beskriva friktionen för hela det statliga vägnätet. En rikstäckande friktionsmätning är praktiskt svår att hantera och mycket kostsam medan vi redan idag mäter vägytans makrotextur. I projektet testar vi om makrotexturen (MPD, Mean Profile Depth) kan användas för att beskriva friktionstillståndet på vägnätet. Vi har inte kunnat visa på detta samband men vi redovisar andra intressanta iakttagelser som ger en pusselbit till hur Trafikverket kan och bör hantera friktionsfrågan. Vi ser bland annat att risken för låg friktion är större på vägavsnitt som har låga MPD-värden speciellt på lappade ytbehandlade vägar med blödningar. Vidare beskriver vi vilka friktionsrisker det finns med olika beläggningar och hur dessa kan hanteras.
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