| 1. |
- Jurca, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
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ZEITLUPE Promotes ABA-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis and Populus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants balance water availability with gas exchange and photosynthesis by controlling stomatal aperture. This control is regulated in part by the circadian clock, but it remains unclear how signalling pathways of daily rhythms are integrated into stress responses. The serine/threonine protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) contributes to the regulation of stomatal closure via activation of S-type anion channels. OST1 also mediates gene regulation in response to ABA/drought stress. We show that ZEITLUPE (ZTL), a blue light photoreceptor and clock component, also regulates ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana, establishing a link between clock and ABA-signalling pathways. ZTL sustains expression of OST1 and ABA-signalling genes. Stomatal closure in response to ABA is reduced in ztl mutants, which maintain wider stomatal apertures and show higher rates of gas exchange and water loss than wild-type plants. Detached rosette leaf assays revealed a stronger water loss phenotype in ztl-3, ost1-3 double mutants, indicating that ZTL and OST1 contributed synergistically to the control of stomatal aperture. Experimental studies of Populus sp., revealed that ZTL regulated the circadian clock and stomata, indicating ZTL function was similar in these trees and Arabidopsis. PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5 (PRR5), a known target of ZTL, affects ABA-induced responses, including stomatal regulation. Like ZTL, PRR5 interacted physically with OST1 and contributed to the integration of ABA responses with circadian clock signalling. This suggests a novel mechanism whereby the PRR proteins—which are expressed from dawn to dusk—interact with OST1 to mediate ABA-dependent plant responses to reduce water loss in time of stress.
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| 2. |
- Dressel, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving Social and Ecological Outcomes in Collaborative Environmental Governance : Good Examples from Swedish Moose Management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative governance approaches have been suggested as strategies to handle wicked environmental problems. Evaluations have found promising examples of effective natural resource governance, but also highlighted the importance of social-ecological context and institutional design. The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the achievement of social and ecological sustainability within Swedish moose (Alces alces) management. In 2012, a multi-level collaborative governance regime was implemented to decrease conflicts among stakeholders. We carried out semi-structured interviews with six ‘good examples’ (i.e., Moose Management Groups that showed positive social and ecological outcomes). We found that ‘good examples’ collectively identified existing knowledge gaps and management challenges and used their discretionary power to develop procedural arrangements that are adapted to the social-ecological context, their theory of change, and attributes of local actors. This contributed to the creation of bridging social capital and principled engagement across governance levels. Thus, our results indicate the existence of higher-order social learning as well as a positive feedback from within-level collaboration dynamics to between-level collaboration. Furthermore, our study illustrates the importance of institutional flexibility to utilize the existing knowledge across stakeholder groups and to allow for adaptations based on the social learning process.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sustaining the Public’s Positive Feelings towards Ungulates at the Local Level
- 2024
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Ingår i: Society and Natural Resources. - : Routledge. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; , s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, spatial distributions and densities of ungulates have been increasing, triggering both negative and positive feelings. Ecosystem-based and collaborative approaches to wildlife management have been introduced to, among other things, consider the perspectives of the local public. Consequently, it becomes necessary to understand the public’s emotional appraisals and feelings toward the presence of moose and other ungulates. We studied four socio-ecological contexts in Sweden. Statistical analyses of a postal questionnaire (N = 1111) showed that negative feelings were weak and positive feelings were modest across all settings. In particular, wildlife value orientation of mutualism and perceptions of moose and other ungulates as supporting recreation opportunities sustained positive feelings. Currently there seems to be little need among the public to cope with negative implications of ungulates. Management may benefit from informing about adequate strategies and building social trust if negative impacts of ungulates were to become salient to the public.
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| 4. |
- Jurca, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
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Biotechnological adaptation of seasonal growth using high yielding Populus gibberellin overproducing trees
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tree growth is central to terrestrial ecology and the forestry industry. The overproduction by biotechnological means of hormones such as gibberellins (GAs) has been used as a powerful toolto greatly increase tree yield and wood properties. However, for trees in temperate and boreal regions, overexpressing GAs prevents the ability to induce vegetative dormancy, and results in reduced yield and tree loss over time. Since Populus trees are using an internal 24-h (circadian) clock to synchronize their metabolism and growth with local, predictable changes in the external environment, we focused on circadian control of GA metabolism, to showcase the principle of seasonal growth adaptation. To obtain both maintained growth benefits and a seasonally timed growth, we set out to modulate levels of bioactive GAs by using the endogenous Populus tremula× P. tremuloides CycD3 promoter. We show that both high yield and biotechnical seasonal growth adaptation is obtained with this promoter, which is coordinated by the clock protein LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 2 (PttLHY2). This work paves the way for future precision breeding of trees with local adaptation and increased yield.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sjölander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Circadian clock components control growth and gibberellin metabolism in Populus trees
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates the role of the circadian clock in the regulation of gibberellin (GA) metabolism and growth in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides (Ptt)). We revealed a conserved function of the clock homolog PttEARLY BIRD1 (PttEBI1), but also implicated its rolein controlling tree growth. GA metabolite profiling and transcriptomic analysis in hybrid aspenlines with modulated expression of PttEBI1 or the core clock homologs PttLATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLs (PttLHYs) revealed significant changes in GA metabolism. These alterations werelinked to the differential expression of PttGA2ox8, a gene encoding an enzyme with both GA2-oxidase and GA20-oxidase activities. Our results indicate that modifications to circadian clockcomponents can significantly influence both GA metabolism and tree growth, providing potential strategies for improving tree biomass production.
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| 7. |
- Sjölander, Johan, 1988-
(författare)
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Timing is everything: exploring the role of the circadian clock in plant growth and adaptation
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to their sessile nature, plants must precisely time and coordinate their physiological processes with daily and seasonal changes in the environment. In this PhD thesis, I explored the interaction between an internal timekeeper, or circadian clock, and hormonal regulation, and how it may control plant growth and adaptation in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides). Our research showed how the circadian clock component ZEITLUPE (ZTL) regulates abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated stomatal closure, indicating its central role in environmental adaptation. We investigated the effects of manipulating gibberellin (GA) metabolism in hybrid aspen by the strategic expression of the Arabidopsis GIBBERELLIN20-OXIDASE1 gene, using a clock-controlled promoter. This approach struck a delicate balance between enhanced growth and seasonal adaptation and showed potential for increased tree performance through biotechnological means.Our studies on the circadian clock components LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and EARLY BIRD (EBI) in hybrid aspen suggested their involvement in regulating GA metabolism and overall plant growth.Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of how plants regulate growth and respond to environmental stresses and help to provide solutions for enhancing plant resilience and productivity.
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| 8. |
- Sjölander Lindqvist, Annelie, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Individual and collective responses to large carnivore management : the roles of trust, representation, knowledge spheres, communication and leadership
- 2015
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Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - : Wiley. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 21:3, s. 175-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overseeing the continued recovery, dispersal and management of large carnivore populations while simultaneously considering human viability and welfare requires delicately balancing local concerns for rural communities’ livelihood prospects and property vulnerability with international concerns for saving threatened species. In this article, we propose an integrated analytical perspective to elucidate how competing interests and power relationships influence the governance and management of contested wildlife resources. However, simply identifying these patterns is not enough. It is also imperative that the interrelationships between broader biophysical, social, political, economic, and cultural contexts and histories be explored in order to describe, analyze and better understand how and why individual and collective responses vary. In doing this, we drew from findings from a variety of social science disciplines (environmental communication, environmental psychology, human ecology, human geography, political science, public administration and social anthropology) and, here, present how social science approaches can enhance understanding of the different layers and contexts of contested natural resource management. Highlighting the individual, socio-cultural, political, and institutional dimensions, the article concludes by identifying five recurrent concepts that must be understood and consciously applied to large carnivore governance and management: i) establishment of trust between people and groups interacting on the subject; ii) fair representation of stakeholder interests; iii) acknowledgement of the different knowledge-spheres, including those based on personal experiences, culture and tradition, and science; iv) communication, based on dialogue about pluralistic perspectives, to collectively formulate and agree on set goals; and v) leadership emphasising empowerment.
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| 9. |
- Sjölander, Maria, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Few sex differences in the use of drugs for secondary prevention after stroke : a nationwide observational study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - San Francisco : John Wiley & Sons. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 21:9, s. 911-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This observational study describes the sex differences in the use of secondary preventive drugs after ischemic stroke in terms of prescribing and persistence. Also, sex differences in patient- and treatment-related factors associated with drug use were investigated.METHODS: In this nationwide register-based study, the Swedish Stroke Register was linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register for information on drugs prescribed for, and bought by, stroke patients. Background factors were included from the Swedish Stroke Register.RESULTS: Included in the database were 9331 men and 9018 women. Men were more often prescribed statins, 48.8% versus 38.1% [age-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.82-0.91], and warfarin, 38.4% versus 26.4% after stroke (age-adjusted PR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.79-0.97). There were no differences in prescribing of antihypertensive or antiplatelet drugs. No sex differences were seen regarding not continuing drug treatment after discharge (primary non-adherence). Women had slightly higher persistence to antihypertensive treatment 2 years after discharge, 76.3% versus 71.9% for men (age-adjusted PR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.00-1.09), but there were no differences in persistence to antiplatelet, warfarin or statin treatments. Similar factors were related to statin and warfarin prescribing for both men and women. Only antihypertensive treatment before stroke was associated to persistence to antihypertensive treatment, and this increased persistence for both men and women.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed few differences between men and women after stroke. Patients' use of secondary preventive drugs needs to be improved, and from a public health perspective, poor persistence is probably a greater problem than differences between the sexes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Sjölander, Maria, 1970-
(författare)
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Use of secondary preventive drugs after stroke
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Stroke is a serious condition that can have significant impact on an individual’s health and is a significant burden on public health and public finances. Secondary preventive drug treatment after stroke is important for decreasing the risk of recurrent strokes. Non-adherence to drug treatment hampers the treatment effect, especially in long-term preventive treatments. The aim of this thesis was to study the use of secondary preventive drugs after stroke among Swedish stroke patients in terms of inequalities in implementation in clinical practice and patient adherence to treatment over time.Methods Riks-Stroke, the Swedish stroke register, was used to sample stroke patients and as a source of information on background characteristics and medical and health care-related information including information on prescribed preventive drugs. The patients that were included had a stroke between 2004 and 2012. Individual patient data on prescriptions filled in Swedish pharmacies were retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and used to estimate patient adherence to drug treatment. Data on education, income, and country of birth were included from the LISA database at Statistics Sweden. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information about patients’ perceptions about stroke, beliefs about medicines, and self-reported adherence.Results Results showed that a larger proportion of men than women were prescribed statins and warfarin after stroke. There was also a social stratification in the prescribing of statins. Patients with higher income and a higher level of education were more likely to be prescribed a statin compared to patients with low income and low level of education. Statins were also more often prescribed to patients born in Nordic countries, Europe, or outside of Europe compared to patients born in Sweden. Primary non-adherence (not continuing treatment at all within 4 months of discharge from hospital) was low for preventive drug treatment after stroke. Data on filled prescriptions, however, indicated that the proportion of patients who continued to use the drugs declined during the first 2 years after stroke. For most drugs, refill adherence in drug treatment was associated with female sex, good self-rated health, and living in institutions and (for antihypertensive drugs and statins) having used the drug before the stroke. For statins and warfarin, a first-ever stroke was also associated with continuous drug use. Self-reported adherence 3 months after stroke also showed associations with patients’ personal beliefs about medicines; non-adherent patients scored higher on negative beliefs and lower on positive beliefs about medicines.Conclusion Inequalities between men and women and between different socioeconomic groups were found in the prescribing of secondary preventive drugs after stroke. Only a small proportion of Swedish stroke patients did not continue treatment after discharge from hospital, but the proportion of non-adherent patients increased over time. Poor adherence to preventive drug treatment after stroke is a public health problem, and improving adherence to drug treatment requires consideration of patients’ personal beliefs and perceptions about drugs.
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