| 1. |
- Ekestubbe, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological differences between beta-blockers and postoperative mortality following colon cancer surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- β-blocker therapy has been positively associated with improved survival in patients undergoing oncologic colorectal resection. This study investigates if the type of β-blocker used affects 90-day postoperative mortality following colon cancer surgery. The study was designed as a nationwide retrospective cohort study including all adult (≥ 18 years old) patients with ongoing β-blocker therapy who underwent elective and emergency colon cancer surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017. Patients were divided into four cohorts: metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, and other beta-blockers. The primary outcome of interest was 90-day postoperative mortality. A Poisson regression model with robust standard errors was used, while adjusting for all clinically relevant variables, to determine the association between different β-blockers and 90-day postoperative mortality. A total of 9254 patients were included in the study. There was no clinically significant difference in crude 90-day postoperative mortality rate [n (%)] when comparing the four beta-blocker cohorts metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol and other beta-blockers. [97 (1.8%) vs. 28 (2.0%) vs. 29 (1.7%) vs. 11 (1.2%), p = 0.670]. This remained unchanged when adjusting for relevant covariates in the Poisson regression model. Compared to metoprolol, there was no statistically significant decrease in the risk of 90-day postoperative mortality with atenolol [adj. IRR (95% CI): 1.45 (0.89-2.37), p = 0.132], bisoprolol [adj. IRR (95% CI): 1.45 (0.89-2.37), p = 0.132], or other beta-blockers [adj. IRR (95% CI): 0.92 (0.46-1.85), p = 0.825]. In patients undergoing colon cancer surgery, the risk of 90-day postoperative mortality does not differ between the investigated types of β-adrenergic blocking agents.
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| 2. |
- Lillo-Felipe, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital academic status is associated with failure-to-rescue after colorectal cancer surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 170:3, s. 863-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Failure-to-rescue is a quality indicator measuring the response to postoperative complications. The current study aims to compare failure-to-rescue in patients suffering severe complications after surgery for colorectal cancer between hospitals based on their university status.METHODS: Patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery from January 2015 to January 2020 in Sweden were included through the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry in the current study. Severe postoperative complications were defined as Clavien-Dindo ≥3. Failure-to-rescue incidence rate ratios were calculated comparing university versus nonuniversity hospitals.RESULTS: A total of 23,351 patients were included in this study, of whom 2,964 suffered severe postoperative complication(s). University hospitals had lower failure-to-rescue rates with an incidence rate ratios of 0.62 (0.46-0.84, P = .002) compared with nonuniversity hospitals. There were significantly lower failure-to-rescue rates in almost all types of severe postoperative complications at university than nonuniversity hospitals.CONCLUSION: University hospitals have a lower risk for failure-to-rescue compared with nonuniversity hospitals. The exact mechanisms behind this finding are unknown and warrant further investigation to identify possible improvements that can be applied to all hospitals.
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| 3. |
- Pourlotfi, Arvid, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Statin therapy and its association with long-term survival after colon cancer surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6060 .- 1532-7361. ; 171:4, s. 890-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current study aims to address the clinical equipoise regarding the association of ongoing statin therapy at time of surgery with long-term postoperative mortality rates after elective, curative, surgical resections of colon cancer by analyzing data from a large validated national register.METHODS: All adults with stage I to III colon cancer who underwent elective surgery with curative intent between January 2007 and October 2016 were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register, a prospectively collected national register. Patients were identified as having ongoing statin therapy if they filled a prescription within 12 months pre- and postoperatively. Study outcomes included 5-year all-cause and cancer-specific postoperative mortality. To reduce the impact of confounding from covariates owing to nonrandomization, the inverse probability of treatment weighting method was used. Subsequently, Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to the weighted cohorts.RESULTS: In total, 19,118 patients underwent elective surgery for colon cancer in the specified period, of whom 31% (5,896) had ongoing statin therapy. Despite being older, having a higher preoperative risk, and having more comorbidities, patients with statin therapy had a higher postoperative survival. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, patients with statin therapy displayed a significantly lower mortality risk up to 5 years after surgery for both all-cause (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.74, P < .001) and cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.89, P < .001).CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that statin therapy is associated with a sustained reduction in all-cause and cancer-specific mortality up to 5 years after elective colon cancer surgery. The findings warrant validation in future prospective clinical trials.
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| 4. |
- Pourlotfi, Arvid, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Statin Therapy and Postoperative Short-Term Mortality after Rectal Cancer Surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 23:4, s. 875-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The study aimed to assess the correlation between regular statin therapy and postoperative mortality following resection surgery for rectal cancer.METHOD: This retrospective cohort included all adult patients undergoing abdominal rectal cancer surgery in Sweden between January 2007 and September 2016. Data was gathered from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, a large population-based prospectively collected registry. Statin users were defined as patients with one or more collected prescriptions of a statin within 12 months before the date of surgery. The statin-positive and statin-negative cohorts were matched by propensity scores based on baseline demographics.RESULTS: 11,966 patients underwent resection surgery for rectal cancer, of whom 3,019 (25%) were identified as statin users. After applying propensity score matching (1:1), 3,017 pairs were available for comparison. In the matched groups, statin users demonstrated reduced 90-day all-cause mortality (0.7% versus 5.5%, p < 0.001), additionally displaying significantly reduced cause-specific mortality due to cardiovascular and respiratory events, as well as sepsis and multiorgan failure. The significant postoperative survival benefit of statin users was seen despite a higher rate of cardiovascular comorbidity.CONCLUSION: Preoperative statin therapy displays a strong association with reduced postoperative mortality following resectional surgery for rectal cancer. The results from the current study warrant further investigation to determine whether a causal relationship exists.
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| 5. |
- Pourlotfi, Arvid, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Statin Therapy is Associated with Decreased 90-day Postoperative Mortality After Colon Cancer Surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. - : Springer. - 0012-3706 .- 1530-0358. ; 65:4, s. 559-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting reports regarding a protective effect of statin therapy after colon cancer surgery.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between statin therapy and the postoperative mortality following elective colon cancer surgery.DESIGN: This population-based cohort study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register.SETTINGS: Patient inclusion was achieved by inclusion through a nationwide register.PATIENTS: All adult patients undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer between the period of January 2007 and September 2016 were included in the study. Patients who had received and collected a prescription for statins pre- and postoperatively were allocated to the statin positive cohort.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were 90-day all-cause mortality and 90-day cause-specific mortality.RESULTS: A total of 22,337 patients underwent elective surgery for colon cancer during the study period, of whom 6,494 (29%) were classified as statin users. Statin users displayed a significant survival benefit despite being older, having a higher comorbidity burden, and less fit for surgery. Multivariate analysis illustrated significant reductions in the incidence risk for 90-day all-cause mortality (Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.12, p < 0.001) as well as 90-day cause-specific deaths due to sepsis, multiorgan failure, or of cardiovascular and respiratory origin.LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this study include its observational retrospective design, restricting the ability to perform standardized follow-up of statin therapy. Confounding from other uncontrolled variables cannot be excluded.CONCLUSIONS: Statin users had a significant postoperative benefit regarding short-term mortality following elective colon cancer surgery in the current study, however, further research is needed to ascertain if this relationship is causal. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B738.
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| 6. |
- Pourlotfi, Arvid, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Statin Use and Long-Term Mortality after Rectal Cancer Surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 13:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to assess the association between regular statin therapy and postoperative long-term all-cause and cancer-specific mortality following curative surgery for rectal cancer. The hypothesis was that statin exposure would be associated with better survival.METHODS: Patients with stage I-III rectal cancer undergoing surgical resection with curative intent were extracted from the nationwide, prospectively collected, Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register (SCRCR) for the period from January 2007 and October 2016. Patients were defined as having ongoing statin therapy if they had filled a statin prescription within 12 months before and after surgery. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between statin use and postoperative five-year all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 10,743 patients who underwent a surgical resection with curative intent for rectal cancer. Twenty-six percent (n = 2797) were classified as having ongoing statin therapy. Statin users had a considerably decreased risk of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.73, p < 0.001) and cancer-specific (adjusted HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47-0.75, p < 0.001) mortality up to five years following surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Statin use was associated with a lower risk of both all-cause and rectal cancer-specific mortality following curative surgical resections for rectal cancer. The findings should be confirmed in future prospective clinical trials.
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| 7. |
- Reda, Souheil, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-operative beta-blocker therapy does not affect short-term mortality after esophageal resection for cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Surgery. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2482. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It has been postulated that the hyperadrenergic state caused by surgical trauma is associated with worse outcomes and that β-blockade may improve overall outcome by downregulation of adrenergic activity. Esophageal resection is a surgical procedure with substantial risk for postoperative mortality. There is insufficient data to extrapolate the existing association between preoperative β-blockade and postoperative mortality to esophageal cancer surgery. This study assessed whether preoperative β-blocker therapy affects short-term postoperative mortality for patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.METHODS: All patients with an esophageal cancer diagnosis that underwent surgical resection with curative intent from 2007 to 2017 were retrospectively identified from the Swedish National Register for Esophagus and Gastric Cancers (NREV). Patients were subdivided into β-blocker exposed and unexposed groups. Propensity score matching was carried out in a 1:1 ratio. The outcome of interest was 90-day postoperative mortality.RESULTS: A total of 1466 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 35% (n = 513) were on regular preoperative β-blocker therapy. Patients on β-blockers were significantly older, more comorbid and less fit for surgery based on their ASA score. After propensity score matching, 513 matched pairs were available for analysis. No difference in 90-day mortality was detected between β-blocker exposed and unexposed patients (6.0% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.798).CONCLUSION: Preoperative β-blocker therapy is not associated with better short-term survival in patients subjected to curative esophageal tumor resection.
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| 8. |
- Ahl, Rebecka, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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A nationwide observational cohort study of the relationship between beta-blockade and survival after hip fracture surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Urban und Vogel Medien und Medizin Verlagsgesellsc. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 48:2, s. 743-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Despite advances in the care of hip fractures, this area of surgery is associated with high postoperative mortality. Downregulating circulating catecholamines, released as a response to traumatic injury and surgical trauma, is believed to reduce the risk of death in noncardiac surgical patients. This effect has not been studied in hip fractures. This study aims to assess whether survival benefits are gained by reducing the effects of the hyper-adrenergic state with beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery.METHODS: This is a retrospective nationwide observational cohort study. All adults [Formula: see text] 18 years were identified from the prospectively collected national quality register for hip fractures in Sweden during a 10-year period. Pathological fractures were excluded. The cohort was subdivided into beta-blocker users and non-users. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and adjustments for confounders was used to evaluate 30-day mortality.RESULTS: 134,915 patients were included of whom 38.9% had ongoing beta-blocker therapy at the time of surgery. Beta-blocker users were significantly older and less fit for surgery. Crude 30-day all-cause mortality was significantly increased in non-users (10.0% versus 3.7%, p < 0.001). Beta-blocker therapy resulted in a 72% relative risk reduction in 30-day all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.26-0.29, p < 0.001) and was independently associated with a reduction in deaths of cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular origin and deaths due to sepsis or multiorgan failure.CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers are associated with significant survival benefits when undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery. Outlined results strongly encourage an interventional design to validate the observed relationship.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ahl, Rebecka, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Does early beta-blockade in isolated severe traumatic brain injury reduce the risk of post traumatic depression?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 48:1, s. 101-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Depressive symptoms occur in approximately half of trauma patients, negatively impacting on functional outcome and quality of life following severe head injury. Pontine noradrenaline has been shown to increase upon trauma and associated beta-adrenergic receptor activation appears to consolidate memory formation of traumatic events. Blocking adrenergic activity reduces physiological stress responses during recall of traumatic memories and impairs memory, implying a potential therapeutic role of beta-blockers. This study examines the effect of pre-admission beta-blockade on post-traumatic depression.Methods: All adult trauma patients (>= 18 years) with severe, isolated traumatic brain injury (intracranial Abbreviated Injury Scale score (AIS) >= 3 and extracranial AIS <3) were recruited from the trauma registry of an urban university hospital between 2007 and 2011. Exclusion criteria were in-hospital deaths and prescription of antidepressants up to one year prior to admission. Pre- and post-admission beta-blocker and antidepressant therapy data was requested from the national drugs registry. Post-traumatic depression was defined as the prescription of antidepressants within one year of trauma. Patients with and without pre-admission beta-blockers were matched 1: 1 by age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score and head AIS. Analysis was carried out using McNemar's and Student's t-test for categorical and continuous data, respectively.Results: A total of 545 patients met the study criteria. Of these, 15% (n = 80) were prescribed beta-blockers. After propensity matching, 80 matched pairs were analyzed. 33% (n = 26) of non beta-blocked patients developed post-traumatic depression, compared to only 18% (n = 14) in the beta-blocked group (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in ICU (mean days: 5.8 (SD 10.5) vs. 5.6 (SD 7.2), p = 0.85) or hospital length of stay (mean days: 21 (SD 21) vs. 21 (SD 20), p = 0.94) between cohorts.Conclusion: beta-blockade appears to act prophylactically and significantly reduces the risk of posttraumatic depression in patients suffering from isolated severe traumatic brain injuries. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted to validate this finding.
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