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- Bratteby, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-body mineral measurements in Swedish adolescents at 17 years compared to 15 years of age.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 91:10, s. 1031-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To provide reference data for bone mineral variables in 15- and 17-y-old adolescents and to analyse the relationships between these variables and measures of bone and body size, gender, puberty, growth, various lifestyle and environmental factors and socioeconomic background.METHODS: In the same 321 randomly selected adolescents (147 boys and 174 girls) living in two different regions of Sweden, the total bone mineral content (TBMC), bone area (BA) and total bone mineral density (TBMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at ages 15 and 17 y. The effects of bone and body size, gender, growth, sexual maturity, physical activity, region of domicile, social conditions, food habits, smoking and alcohol intake on TBMC and TBMD were examined in multivariate analyses.RESULTS: In the 15-y-old adolescents, BA, height, gender, physical activity, maturity and weight explained 91% and 48%, of the variance in TBMC and TBMD, respectively. In similar analyses in the 17-y-olds, the corresponding figures were 92% and 62%, respectively, when BA, height, growth, physical activity, gender and region emerged as significant in the model. In all these analyses, BA explained most of the variance in TBMC and TBMD. No significant reduction of variance was found when different measures of social conditions, smoking, food habits, alcohol or dietary intakes of energy, calcium or vitamin D were included in the models. The reason why region of domicile had a significant impact on TBMC in the 17-y-olds is not known. The fact that the normal fluoride concentration in drinking water (1.1 mg/L) is 10 times higher in the region where TBMC was higher than in the other region is an interesting observation.CONCLUSION: Almost 90% of the variance in TBMC and 50% of that in TBMD was explained by measures of bone and body size and only a few percent by gender, physical activity, Tanner stage, growth and region of domicile.
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| 4. |
- Falchi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Low copy number of the salivary amylase gene predisposes to obesity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:5, s. 492-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common multi-allelic copy number variants (CNVs) appear enriched for phenotypic associations compared to their biallelic counterparts. Here we investigated the influence of gene dosage effects on adiposity through a CNV association study of gene expression levels in adipose tissue. We identified significant association of a multi-allelic CNV encompassing the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) with body mass index (BMI) and obesity, and we replicated this finding in 6,200 subjects. Increased AMY1 copy number was positively associated with both amylase gene expression (P = 2.31 × 10-14) and serum enzyme levels (P < 2.20 × 10-16), whereas reduced AMY1 copy number was associated with increased BMI (change in BMI per estimated copy =-0.15 (0.02) kg/m 2; P = 6.93 × 10-10) and obesity risk (odds ratio (OR) per estimated copy = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.26; P = 1.46 × 10-10). The OR value of 1.19 per copy of AMY1 translates into about an eightfold difference in risk of obesity between subjects in the top (copy number > 9) and bottom (copy number < 4) 10% of the copy number distribution. Our study provides a first genetic link between carbohydrate metabolism and BMI and demonstrates the power of integrated genomic approaches beyond genome-wide association studies. © 2014 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Lantz, H, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in whole body measurements by DXA-scanning using two Lunar DPX-L machines
- 1999
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565. ; 23:7, s. 764-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare bone mineral and body composition results of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments from the same manufacturer.SETTINGS: The Medical departments of Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.DESIGN: Unique aluminium spine phantoms (Phant A and B) delivered with each DXA machine (DXA-A and DXA-B) were cross-checked on the other machine by using the 'AP spine mode'. Eight adolescents were examined on both instruments within 5 h to ascertain total body variables by using standard, as well as extended, modes of analysis. All these double-examinations were undertaken on two occasions, before and after exchange of a detector on the DXA-B.SUBJECTS: Four males and four females aged 15.4-19.2 y with normal body weights, were examined on both occasions. On each occasion, the first examination was performed in Göteborg on four individuals and in Uppsala on four individuals.RESULTS: On the first occasion the phantom measurements resulted in much lower bone mineral density (BMD) values on the DXA-B than on the DXA-A. Later it was detected that a so-called R-value and the corresponding '%-fat' value were out of range on the DXA-B. After exchange of detector, the difference in phantom BMD-values between the two machines had diminished. On the first occasion in vivo BMD values were lowest on the DXA-B (P < 0.01), while on the second occasion they were significantly lower on the DXA-A (P < 0.05). Soft tissue differences were greater after detector exchange and as compared to DXA-A, DXA-B underestimated body fat by 3.5 kg (13.2 vs 9.7 kg, P < 0.001) and overestimated lean tissue mass by 3.8 kg (47.1 vs 50.9 kg, P < 0.001) on the second occasion.CONCLUSIONS: The differences in results between two apparently identical Lunar DPX-L machines were not acceptable. In multicenter studies, it may be necessary to standardise results of participating machines into results of one machine by means of regression equations obtained by examining subsamples of individuals on one master machine and other participating instruments.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden: Submerged Landscapes of the Early Mesolithic
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Archaeology of Europe’s Drowned Landscapes. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030373672 - 9783030373665 ; , s. 77-93
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Persson, K., Sjöström, H., Koyi, H. A., Mulugeta, G., Weinberg, R. and C.J. Talbot
(författare)
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Ytor på djupet.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Naturvetenskapliga forskningsrådets årsbok 1998/1999. ; , s. 39-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Ryan, Donna H, et al.
(författare)
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Nonsurgical weight loss for extreme obesity in primary care settings: results of the Louisiana Obese Subjects Study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archives of internal medicine. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3679 .- 0003-9926. ; 170:2, s. 146-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Effective primary care practice (PCP) treatments are needed for extreme obesity. The Louisiana Obese Subjects Study (LOSS) tested whether, with brief training, PCPs could effectively implement weight loss for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 40 to 60. METHODS: The LOSS, a 2-year (July 5, 2005, through January 30, 2008) randomized, controlled, "pragmatic clinical trial" trained 7 PCPs and 1 research clinic in obesity management. Primary outcome measure was year-2 percentage change from baseline weight. Volunteers (597) were screened and randomized to intensive medical intervention (IMI) (n = 200) or usual care condition (UCC) (n = 190). The UCC group had instruction in an Internet weight management program. The IMI group recommendations included a 900-kcal liquid diet for 12 weeks or less, group behavioral counseling, structured diet, and choice of pharmacotherapy (sibutramine hydrochloride, orlistat, or diethylpropion hydrochloride) during months 3 to 7 and continued use of medications and maintenance strategies for months 8 to 24. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 47 years; 83% were women, and 75% were white. Retention rates were 51% for the IMI group and 46% for the UCC group (P = .30). After 2 years, the results were as follows: (1) among 390 randomized participants, 31% in the IMI group achieved a 5% or more weight loss and 7% achieved a 20% weight loss or more, compared with 9% and 1% of those in the UCC group. (2) The mean +/- SEM baseline observation carried forward analysis showed a weight loss of -4.9% +/- 0.8% in IMI and -0.2 +/- 0.3% in UCC. (3) Last observation carried forward analysis showed a weight loss of -8.3% +/- 0.79% for IMI, whereas UCC was -0.0% +/- 0.4%. (4) A total of 101 IMI completers lost -9.7% +/- 1.3% (-12.7 +/- 1.7 kg), whereas 89 UCC completers lost -0.4% +/- 0.7% (-0.5 +/- 0.9 kg); (P < .001 for all group differences). Many metabolic parameters improved. CONCLUSION: Primary care practices can initiate effective medical management for extreme obesity; future efforts must target improving retention and weight loss maintenance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00115063.
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