| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hultén, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Makt, kultur och kontroll över invandrares livsvillkor : Multidimensionella perspektiv på strukturell diskriminering i Sverige
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med sitt breda spektrum av perspektiv på diskrimineringens strukturella dimensioner avser denna antologi att bidra till en ökad förståelse av problemets karaktär och ett mer nyanserat samtal om orsaker och möjliga åtgärder emot etnisk ojämlikhet. En analys av så komplexa fenomen som etnisk diskriminering och social exkludering fordrar en mångfald teorier och metoder. I den här antologin finner vi prov på ett flertal olika samhällsvetenskapliga metoder. Ett strukturellt och maktorienterat perspektiv har väglett valet av artiklar om “invandrarproblematiken” och de samhälleliga maktförhållandena och demokratin i Sverige. Särskilda mekanismer som verkar inom samhällets institutioner och kulturella formationer som diskriminerar, exkluderar och omyndigförklarar invandrare har identifierats. Boken består av tre delar. Del I presenterar diskrimineringens kognitiva och diskursiva former, och syftar till att ge en mer generell bild av hur uppfattningar om människors olikheter skapas, normaliseras och legitimeras. Del II visar hur diskrimineringen verkar på en institutionell nivå, och hur maktutövning, beslut och praktiker i olika institutionella kontexter drabbar utsatta invandrade grupper i det svenska samhället. Del III fokuserar på diskriminerande krafter och motkrafter i civilsamhället och på den politiska arenan. Vidare diskuteras vad för slags antidiskriminerande och ”antirasifierande” krafter som finns i samhället och hur de fungerar. Några av antologins centrala slutsatser är:(1) Det är en ganska dyster bild av det mångkulturella Sverige som framträder i de olika artiklarna. Etnisk diskriminering och exkludering är robusta eftersom de består av många ömsesidigt förstärkande mekanismer.(2) Det svenska samhällets respons till invandrarna framstår som en komplex blandning av välvilja, solidariska åsikter och ideal, samt inskränkta, protektionistiska eller till och med xenofobiska ståndpunkter.(3) Det Sverige som träder fram genom antologins analyser är inte genomgående ett samhälle som präglas av exkludering – det finns många positiva krafter och utvecklingar i motstånd till rasism och diskriminering.(4) Däremot finns det en viss tendens för en rasifierad politik att breda ut sig. Goda intentioner räcker inte. Det behövs en systematisk kamp grundad på mänskliga värderingar och kunskap om strukturella mekanismer för att åstadkomma jämlikhet och allas välstånd i ett demokratiskt mångkulturellt samhälle.
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| 4. |
- Andriopoulos, Thanos, et al.
(författare)
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Commencement of and Retention in Web-Based Interventions and Response to Prompts and Reminders : Longitudinal Observational Study Based on Two Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Web-based interventions are effective for several psychological problems. However, recruitment, adherence, and missing data are challenges when evaluating these interventions. Objective: This study aimed to describe the use patterns during the commencement phase, possible retention patterns (continuation of data provision), and responses to prompts and reminders among participants in 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating web-based interventions. Methods: Data on use patterns logged in 2 RCTs aiming to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult patients recently diagnosed with cancer (AdultCan RCT) and patients with a recent myocardial infarction (Heart RCT) were analyzed. The web-based intervention in the AdultCan trial consisted of unguided self-help and psychoeducation and that in the Heart trial consisted of therapist-supported cognitive behavioral therapy. In total, 2360 participants' use patterns at first log-in, including data collection at baseline (ie, commencement) and at 2 follow-ups, were analyzed. Both the intervention and comparison groups were analyzed. Results: At commencement, 70.85% (909/1283) and 86.82% (935/1077) of the participants in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively, logged in and completed baseline data collection after receiving a welcome email with log-in credentials. The median duration of the first log-in was 44 minutes and 38 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. Slightly less than half of the participants' first log-ins were completed outside standard office hours. More than 80% (92/114 and 103/111) of the participants in both trials explored the intervention within 2 weeks of being randomized to the treatment group, with a median duration of 7 minutes and 47 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. There was a significant association between intervention exploration time during the first 2 weeks and retention in the Heart trial but not in the AdultCan trial. However, the control group was most likely to retain and provide complete follow-up data. Across the 3 time points of data collection explored in this study, the proportion of participants responding to all questionnaires within 1 week from the prompt, without a reminder, varied between 35.45% (413/1165) and 66.3% (112/169). After 2 reminders, up to 97.6% (165/169) of the participants responded. Conclusions: Most participants in both RCTs completed the baseline questionnaires within 1 week of receiving the welcome email. Approximately half of them answered questions at baseline data collection outside office hours, suggesting that the time flexibility inherent in web-based interventions contributes to commencement and use. In contrast to what was expected, the intervention groups generally had lower completion rates than the comparison groups. About half of the participants completed the questionnaires without a reminder, but thereafter, reminders contributed to both baseline and follow-up retention, suggesting they were effective. Strategies to increase commencement of and retention in eHealth interventions are important for the future development of effective interventions and relevant research.
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| 5. |
- Borg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Four-hour voiding observations detect neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in neonates with anorectal malformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-5131. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) has been reported in 20–50% of children with anorectal malformations (ARM). As neurogenic LUTD represents an inherent risk of renal deterioration and urinary tract infections, an early diagnosis is important. The gold standard for evaluating neurogenic LUTD involves invasive urodynamic testing but a useful addition should be an easy-to-perform, non-invasive method of screening. Objective: In this study, we evaluate non-invasive 4 h voiding observations as a screening method for neurogenic LUTD in ARM children. Study design: Thirty-four patients with ARM, excluding those with perineal fistulas, were evaluated using both 4 h voiding observation and urodynamic testing before and after posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) at median ages of 0.3 and 1.1 years. In the urodynamic assessment, the gold standard for neurogenic LUTD, nine children received the diagnosis, eight innate and one post-surgery. Results: Five boys with a high urethral fistula and anomalies of the spinal cord had urodynamically diagnosed neurogenic LUTD, a dysfunction also identified in the 4 h voiding observations. The pattern was characterised both by an increase in the number of voiding and the number of interrupted voiding, urinary leakage and elevated residual urine (Figure). In three girls with a vestibular fistula and tethered cord, an urodynamic investigation identified suspected mild neurogenic LUTD. In the voiding observations, an abnormal voiding pattern was not as obvious in the girls as in the five males. One girl with cloaca showed signs of postsurgical denervation damage, which was easily identified in the 4 h voiding observations (high capacity and elevated residual urine). Discussion: In the present study, gender differences in the severity of dysfunction reflected in the free voiding pattern in infants with ARM and neurogenic LUTD is probably the result of the different underlying causes of neurogenic LUTD in boys and girls. Boys with the condition have a congenital malformation of the caudal part of the spinal cord and girls a tethering of the cord. The most obvious limitation of the study was the low number of patients. Despite this, we consider the results worth reporting, since we found that results in the free voiding observations effectively confirmed what was established in the urodynamic investigations. Conclusion: In pre-PSARP patients, 4 h voiding observations can be used to screen for severe neurogenic LUTD requiring attention and treatment. When post-surgical denervation is suspected, the voiding observation is also a good method for indicating the diagnosis.[Formula presented] © 2020 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company
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| 6. |
- Engblom, Charlotte, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt : Rapport från en forskningscirkel
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport beskrivs processen i och resultatet av en forskningscirkel om nyanländas lärande och språkutvecklande arbetssätt. En utgångspunkt har varit begreppet stöttning - lärarens/pedagogens funktion som en sorts ”byggnadsställning” i elevens lärande. Det eleven inte klarar av på egen hand kan genomföras med rätt stöd - och i takt med att eleven utvecklas kan byggnadsställningen monteras ned. Stöttning har också varit en central aspekt i de fyra mindre projekt som deltagarna genomfört inom forskningscirkelns ramar.Forskningscirkeln har bedrivits inom Forum för samverkan på Uppsala universitet. Det är ett samarbete mellan universitetet och åtta kommuner i regionen: Enköping, Heby, Håbo, Knivsta, Sigtuna, Tierp, Uppsala och Östhammar. Forum för samverkans syfte är att bidra till ett ömsesidigt berikande kunskapsutbyte mellan förskola/skola/skolhuvudman och Uppsala universitet (www.forumforsamverkan.uu.se).
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Helena, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal study of occupational noise exposure and joint effects with job strain and risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in Swedish men.
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims were to investigate whether occupational noise increased the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and to elucidate interactions with stressful working conditions in a cohort of Swedish men.This is a prospective cohort study on CHD and stroke in Swedish men followed until death, hospital discharge or until 75 years of age, using Swedish national registers on cause of death and hospital discharges. Baseline data on occupation from 1974 to 1977 were used for classification of levels of occupational noise and job demand-control. Cox regression was used to analyse HRs for CHD and stroke.Swedish men born in 1915-1925.CHD and stroke.The participants of the study were men from the Primary Prevention Study, a random sample of 10 000 men born in 1915-1925 in Gothenburg. Subjects with CHD or stroke at baseline or were not employed were excluded. The remaining subjects with complete baseline data on occupation, weight, height, hypertension, diabetes, serum cholesterol and smoking constituted the study sample (5753 men).There was an increased risk for CHD in relation to noise levels 75-85 dB(A) and >85dB(A) compared with <75dB(A) (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31, and HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.63, respectively). Exposure to noise peaks also increased the risk for CHD (HR 1.19, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.38). Among those with high strain (high demands and low control) combined with noise >75dB(A), the risk for CHD further increased (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.73). There was no significantly increased risk for stroke in any noise category.Exposure to occupational noise was associated with an increased risk for CHD and the risk further increased among those with concomitant exposure to high strain. None of the analysed variables were related to increased risk for stroke.
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| 8. |
- Gatzinsky, Cathrine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Transabdominal ultrasound of rectal diameter in healthy infants: a prospective cohort study during the first year of life
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - 1034-4810. ; 59:9, s. 1021-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTransabdominal rectal ultrasound (TRU) is used to measure transverse rectal diameter (TRD) in order to diagnose functional constipation (FC) and megarectum, and to evaluate treatment. The proposed cut-off value is 3.0 cm. Currently, no standardised values exist for children below the age of 4. We used repeated TRUs to establish reference TRD values in healthy infants and to describe rectal diameter in infants with FC. MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study enrolled healthy term babies from a maternity department. TRD measurements were taken at 2 and 12 months of age, and questionnaires completed in interviews helped diagnose FC according to Rome III criteria. ResultsTwo hundred TRUs were performed on 110 infants (62 males). In infants without FC anytime, the mean TRD at 2 months was 1.56 (SD 0.32) cm and at 12 months 1.78 (0.47) cm, while the 95th percentiles were 2.26 and 2.64 cm, respectively. In 77 infants with two TRUs, the mean increase was 0.21 cm (95% confidence interval: 0.099-0.318). Thirteen infants were diagnosed with FC during the study period. At 2 and 12 months of age, there was no difference in TRD between infants with and without FC. ConclusionTRD increased from 2 to 12 months. We suggest 2.3 cm as an upper limit for normal TRD at 2 months and 2.6 cm at 12 months. Infants diagnosed with FC did not have a greater TRD than infants without, either before or after treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of TRU in infants with FC or megarectum.
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| 9. |
- Grönqvist, Helena, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Fifteen Challenges in Establishing a Multidisciplinary Research Program on eHealth Research in a University Setting : A Case Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:U-CARE is a multidisciplinary eHealth research program that involves the disciplines of caring science, clinical psychology, health economics, information systems, and medical science. It was set up from scratch in a university setting in 2010, funded by a governmental initiative. While establishing the research program, many challenges were faced. Systematic documentation of experiences from establishing new research environments is scarce.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this paper was to describe the challenges of establishing a publicly funded multidisciplinary eHealth research environment.METHODS:Researchers involved in developing the research program U-CARE identified challenges in the formal documentation and by reflecting on their experience of developing the program. The authors discussed the content and organization of challenges into themes until consensus was reached.RESULTS:The authors identified 15 major challenges, some general to establishing a new research environment and some specific for multidisciplinary eHealth programs. The challenges were organized into 6 themes: Organization, Communication, Implementation, Legislation, Software development, and Multidisciplinarity.CONCLUSIONS:Several challenges were faced during the development of the program and several accomplishments were made. By sharing our experience, we hope to help other research groups embarking on a similar journey to be prepared for some of the challenges they are likely to face on their way.
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| 10. |
- Handl, Verena, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous iontronic chemotherapy reduces brain tumor growth in embryonic avian in vivo models
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : ELSEVIER. - 0168-3659 .- 1873-4995. ; 369, s. 668-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local and long-lasting administration of potent chemotherapeutics is a promising therapeutic intervention to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy of hard-to-treat tumors such as the most lethal brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM). However, despite high toxicity for GBM cells, potent chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine (Gem) cannot be widely implemented as they do not efficiently cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). As an alternative method for continuous administration of Gem, we here operate freestanding iontronic pumps - "GemIPs" - equipped with a custom-synthesized ion exchange membrane (IEM) to treat a GBM tumor in an avian embryonic in vivo system. We compare GemIP treatment effects with a topical metronomic treatment and observe that a remarkable growth inhibition was only achieved with steady dosing via GemIPs. Daily topical drug administration (at the maximum dosage that was not lethal for the embryonic host organism) did not decrease tumor sizes, while both treatment regimes caused S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We hypothesize that the pharmacodynamic effects generate different intratumoral drug concentration profiles for each technique, which causes this difference in outcome. We created a digital model of the experiment, which proposes a fast decay in the local drug concentration for the topical daily treatment, but a long-lasting high local concentration of Gem close to the tumor area with GemIPs. Continuous chemotherapy with iontronic devices opens new possibilities in cancer treatment: the long-lasting and highly local dosing of clinically available, potent chemotherapeutics to greatly enhance treatment efficiency without systemic side-effects. Significance statement: Iontronic pumps (GemIPs) provide continuous and localized administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (Gem) for treating glioblastoma in vivo. By generating high and constant drug concentrations near the vascularized growing tumor, GemIPs offer an efficient and less harmful alternative to systemic administration. Continuous GemIP dosing resulted in remarkable growth inhibition, superior to daily topical Gem application at higher doses. Our digital modelling shows the advantages of iontronic chemotherapy in overcoming limitations of burst release and transient concentration profiles, and providing precise control over dosing profiles and local distribution. This technology holds promise for future implants, could revolutionize treatment strategies, and offers a new platform for studying the influence of timing and dosing dependencies of already -established drugs in the fight against hard -to -treat tumors.
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