| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Alvehus, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The human visceral fat depot has a unique inflammatory profile
- 2010
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 18:5, s. 879-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity can be considered as a low-grade inflammatory condition, strongly linked to adverse metabolic outcomes. Obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and increased cytokine and chemokine production. The distribution of adipose tissue impacts the outcomes of obesity, with the accumulation of fat in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), but not superficial SAT, being linked to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that the inflammatory gene expression in deep SAT and VAT is higher than in superficial SAT. A total of 17 apparently healthy women (BMI: 29.3 +/- 5.5 kg/m2) were included in the study. Body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and distribution (computed tomography) were measured, and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and blood pressure were determined. Inflammation-related differences in gene expression(real-time PCR) from VAT, superficial and deep SAT biopsies were analyzed using univariate and multivariate data analyses. Using multivariate discrimination analysis, VAT appeared as a distinct depot in adipose tissue inflammation,while the SAT depots had a similar pattern, with respect to gene expression. A significantly elevated (P < 0.01)expression of the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in VAT contributed strongly to the discrimination. In conclusion, the human adipose tissue depots have unique inflammatory patterns, with CCR2 and MIF distinguishing between VAT and the SAT depots.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Association of adipose tissue blood flow with fat depot sizes and adipokines in women
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 36:6, s. 783-789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore possible associations between adipose tissue (AT) blood flow (ATBF), AT depot sizes and adipocyte-derived hormones (adipokines) in women.Subjects: In all, 43 healthy women were divided into four groups: normal-weight (n=11) and obese (n=11) pre-menopausal women and normal-weight (n=10) and obese (n=11) post-menopausal women.Methods: Fasting levels of adipokines were obtained, and a single-slice computed tomography scan at the level of L4-L5 was used to estimate fat depot sizes. ATBF was assessed by xenon washout while in a fasting state and after oral glucose load. We also measured glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids.Results: Total, subcutaneous and visceral AT areas strongly correlated with ATBF (all P<0.001). Circulating leptin levels strongly and inversely correlated with ATBF (P=0.001), but this association did not remain after adjustment for body mass index. Adiponectin was not associated with blood flow.Conclusion: ATBF is closely linked to subcutaneous and visceral AT size. Further analyses are needed to determine possible mediators of this association, including mechanistic studies to assess a putative role for leptin as a significant modulator of blood flow. International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 26 July 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.152.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Dysregulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in overweight postmenopausal women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Menopause. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-3714 .- 1530-0374. ; 17:2, s. 365-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: A putative link between abdominal obesity and metabolic-vascular complications after menopause may be due to a decreased adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). The present work aimed to analyze possible changes in ATBF with being overweight and menopausal and its putative link to endothelial dysfunction and autonomic nervous system balance.METHODS: Forty-three healthy women were classified into four groups according to weight and menopause status. The ATBF was measured by xenon washout while fasting and after oral glucose intake. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine was used as a marker of endothelial function and heart rate variability-estimated autonomic nervous system activity.RESULTS: Fasting ATBF was decreased in both overweight groups (P = 0.044 and P = 0.048) versus normal-weight premenopausal women. Normal-weight and overweight postmenopausal women exhibited lower maximum ATBF compared with normal-weight premenopausal women (P = 0.015 and P = 0.001, respectively), and overweight postmenopausal women exhibited lower maximum ATBF compared with normal-weight postmenopausal women (P = 0.003). A negative correlation was found between fasting ATBF and asymmetric dimethylarginine (P = 0.015), whereas maximum ATBF was negatively associated with sympathetic-parasympathetic nervous system balance (ratio of the power of the low frequency to the power of the high frequency; P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: Loss of ATBF flexibility in overweight postmenopausal women may contribute to the metabolic dysfunction seen in this group of women.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andriopoulos, Thanos, et al.
(författare)
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Commencement of and Retention in Web-Based Interventions and Response to Prompts and Reminders : Longitudinal Observational Study Based on Two Randomized Controlled Trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Web-based interventions are effective for several psychological problems. However, recruitment, adherence, and missing data are challenges when evaluating these interventions. Objective: This study aimed to describe the use patterns during the commencement phase, possible retention patterns (continuation of data provision), and responses to prompts and reminders among participants in 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating web-based interventions. Methods: Data on use patterns logged in 2 RCTs aiming to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult patients recently diagnosed with cancer (AdultCan RCT) and patients with a recent myocardial infarction (Heart RCT) were analyzed. The web-based intervention in the AdultCan trial consisted of unguided self-help and psychoeducation and that in the Heart trial consisted of therapist-supported cognitive behavioral therapy. In total, 2360 participants' use patterns at first log-in, including data collection at baseline (ie, commencement) and at 2 follow-ups, were analyzed. Both the intervention and comparison groups were analyzed. Results: At commencement, 70.85% (909/1283) and 86.82% (935/1077) of the participants in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively, logged in and completed baseline data collection after receiving a welcome email with log-in credentials. The median duration of the first log-in was 44 minutes and 38 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. Slightly less than half of the participants' first log-ins were completed outside standard office hours. More than 80% (92/114 and 103/111) of the participants in both trials explored the intervention within 2 weeks of being randomized to the treatment group, with a median duration of 7 minutes and 47 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. There was a significant association between intervention exploration time during the first 2 weeks and retention in the Heart trial but not in the AdultCan trial. However, the control group was most likely to retain and provide complete follow-up data. Across the 3 time points of data collection explored in this study, the proportion of participants responding to all questionnaires within 1 week from the prompt, without a reminder, varied between 35.45% (413/1165) and 66.3% (112/169). After 2 reminders, up to 97.6% (165/169) of the participants responded. Conclusions: Most participants in both RCTs completed the baseline questionnaires within 1 week of receiving the welcome email. Approximately half of them answered questions at baseline data collection outside office hours, suggesting that the time flexibility inherent in web-based interventions contributes to commencement and use. In contrast to what was expected, the intervention groups generally had lower completion rates than the comparison groups. About half of the participants completed the questionnaires without a reminder, but thereafter, reminders contributed to both baseline and follow-up retention, suggesting they were effective. Strategies to increase commencement of and retention in eHealth interventions are important for the future development of effective interventions and relevant research.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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GFR estimation based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C : A European multicenter analysis in older adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1437-4331 .- 1434-6621. ; 56:3, s. 422-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICR) creatinine equation was not targeted to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among older adults. The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1CR) equation was specifically developed in older adults, and the Lund-Malmö revised (LMRCR) and the Full Age Spectrum (FASCR) equations have shown promising results in older adults. Our aim was to validate these four creatinine equations, including addition of cystatin C in a large multicenter cohort of Europeans ≥70 years. A total of 3226 individuals (2638 with cystatin C) underwent GFR measurement (mGFR; median, 44 mL/min/1.73 m2) using plasma iohexol clearance. Bias, precision (interquartile range [IQR]), accuracy (percent of estimates ±30% of mGFR, P30), eGFR accuracy diagrams and probability diagrams to classify mGFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were compared. The overall results of BIS1CR/CKD-EPICR/FASCR/LMRCR were as follows: median bias, 1.7/3.6/0.6/-0.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; IQR, 11.6/12.3/11.1/10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; and P30, 77.5%/76.4%/80.9%/83.5% (significantly higher for LMR, p<0.001). Substandard P30 (<75%) was noted for all equations at mGFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and at body mass index values <20 and ≥35 kg/m2. LMRCR had the most stable performance across mGFR subgroups. Only LMRCR and FASCR had a relatively constant small bias across eGFR levels. Probability diagrams exhibited wide eGFR intervals for all equations where mGFR<45 could not be confidently ruled in or out. Adding cystatin C improved P30 accuracy to 85.7/86.8/85.7/88.7 for BIS2CR+CYS/CKD-EPICR+CYS/FASCR+CYS/MEANLMR+CAPA. LMRCR and FASCR seem to be attractive alternatives to CKD-EPICR in estimating GFR by creatinine-based equations in older Europeans. Addition of cystatin C leads to important improvement in estimation performance.
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| 9. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Lund-Malmö, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in a large Swedish clinical population.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599. ; 46:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to validate externally the Swedish Lund-Malmö revised creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations (LM Revised) in a Swedish cohort in comparison with the North American Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equations. Material and methods. The study included 1397 examinations [median age 61 years, median body mass index (BMI) 26 kg/m(2)] in 996 patients referred for iohexol clearance (median 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision [interquartile range (IQR)], accuracy expressed as percentage of estimates ± 10% (P (10)) and ± 30% (P (30)) of measured GFR, and classification ability for five GFR stages (<15, 15-29, 30-59, 60-89 and ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were compared. Results. Overall, all three equations performed satisfactorily: LM Revised, MDRD, CKD-EPI showed, respectively, a median bias of -5.8%, -2.2% and 1.7%, IQR 11.9, 12.3 and 11.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P (10) 35%, 34% and 38%, P (30) 84%, 79% and 79% and correctly classified GFR stages 68%, 65% and 69%. LM Revised was at least as accurate in terms of P (30) as the other equations at GFR intervals <90, while CKD-EPI was the only unbiased and the most accurate equation at ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m(2). LM Revised was more stable in terms of bias and accuracy across age and BMI groups than MDRD and CKD-EPI. Both MDRD and CKD-EPI overestimated measured GFR among elderly patients and in the small group of underweight men. Conclusion. The ideal all-purpose GFR prediction equation does not exist. LM Revised should be preferred in patients with suspected or known renal insufficiency, while CKD-EPI is most useful in settings where patients with no a priori suspicion of renal impairment are evaluated. Differences in creatinine measurements between laboratories may limit the generalizability of the present validation.
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| 10. |
- Eklundh, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution mapping of vegetation dynamics from Sentinel-2
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 1st Sentinel-2 Preparatory Symposium. - 0379-6566. - 9789290922711 ; 707 SP
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work is to develop and test a method for generation of information on vegetation dynamics from high-spatial resolution data, such as Sentinel-2. In order to accomplish this, Sentinel-2 data were simulated from existing SPOT HRG and HRVIR scenes over Sweden. We used TIMESAT, a well-tested computer package for generating smooth seasonal profiles and generation of seasonality parameters, like start and end, length, amplitude, integrated values, seasonal maximum, derivatives, etc. The processing works on a pixel-by-pixel basis and is resistant to clouds and noise. Data gaps are handled, and quality information can be included to increase the fidelity of the fits. The pilot study demonstrated that TIMESAT was successful in fitting smooth model functions to the data, and generating seasonality parameters for the test area at 10 × 10 m resolution. We conclude that TIMESAT will be useful for generating vegetation dynamics data from high-spatial resolution data such as Sentinel-2. The smooth seasonal profiles will be extremely useful for driving high-resolution biophysical vegetation models, and the seasonality parameters will be excellent for change detection, and for studying trends in vegetation productivity and seasonality.
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