| 1. |
- Lundgren, Nadja, et al.
(författare)
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Fördjupade riskbedömningar : Erfarenheter av riktvärdesberäkningar och användning av ny kunskap
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapportens första del redovisas en inventering och sammanställning av hur platsspecifika riktvärden har tagits fram för 80 olika förorenade områden i Sverige. I den andra delen ges exempel på hur nya kunskaper kan användas vid beräkning av riktvärden. Innehållet är främst fokuserat på föroreningar som normalt hanteras i grupp och hur kunskaper om ingående specifika ämnen eller förekomstformer kan påverka riskbedömningen.Naturvårdsverket har inte tagit ställning till innehållet i den här rapporten. Författarna svarar själva för innehåll, slutsatser och eventuella rekommendationer.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 5. |
- Benson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in children with febrile urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 174:5, s. 1080-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urine and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 responses were higher in children with febrile urinary tract infection (n = 61) than in those with asymptomatic bacteriuria (n = 39). By univariate analysis, cytokine levels were related to age, sex, reflux, renal scarring, urine leukocytes, C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and bacterial properties (P fimbriae but not hemolysin). Multivariate modeling showed that urine IL-6 responds were higher in girls than boys, increased with age, and were positively associated with CRP, ESR, serum IL-6, and urine leukocyte counts. The urine IL-8 response was not influenced by age, but it was influenced by P fimbriae and was associated with ESR, CRP, urine leukocytes, and female sex. The results show that cytokine responses to urinary tract infection vary with the severity of infection and that cytokine activation is influenced by a variety of host and bacterial variables.
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| 6. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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GFR estimation based on standardized creatinine and cystatin C : A European multicenter analysis in older adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1437-4331 .- 1434-6621. ; 56:3, s. 422-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICR) creatinine equation was not targeted to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among older adults. The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1CR) equation was specifically developed in older adults, and the Lund-Malmö revised (LMRCR) and the Full Age Spectrum (FASCR) equations have shown promising results in older adults. Our aim was to validate these four creatinine equations, including addition of cystatin C in a large multicenter cohort of Europeans ≥70 years. A total of 3226 individuals (2638 with cystatin C) underwent GFR measurement (mGFR; median, 44 mL/min/1.73 m2) using plasma iohexol clearance. Bias, precision (interquartile range [IQR]), accuracy (percent of estimates ±30% of mGFR, P30), eGFR accuracy diagrams and probability diagrams to classify mGFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were compared. The overall results of BIS1CR/CKD-EPICR/FASCR/LMRCR were as follows: median bias, 1.7/3.6/0.6/-0.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; IQR, 11.6/12.3/11.1/10.5 mL/min/1.73 m2; and P30, 77.5%/76.4%/80.9%/83.5% (significantly higher for LMR, p<0.001). Substandard P30 (<75%) was noted for all equations at mGFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and at body mass index values <20 and ≥35 kg/m2. LMRCR had the most stable performance across mGFR subgroups. Only LMRCR and FASCR had a relatively constant small bias across eGFR levels. Probability diagrams exhibited wide eGFR intervals for all equations where mGFR<45 could not be confidently ruled in or out. Adding cystatin C improved P30 accuracy to 85.7/86.8/85.7/88.7 for BIS2CR+CYS/CKD-EPICR+CYS/FASCR+CYS/MEANLMR+CAPA. LMRCR and FASCR seem to be attractive alternatives to CKD-EPICR in estimating GFR by creatinine-based equations in older Europeans. Addition of cystatin C leads to important improvement in estimation performance.
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| 7. |
- Björk, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Lund-Malmö, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in a large Swedish clinical population.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599. ; 46:3, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to validate externally the Swedish Lund-Malmö revised creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equations (LM Revised) in a Swedish cohort in comparison with the North American Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equations. Material and methods. The study included 1397 examinations [median age 61 years, median body mass index (BMI) 26 kg/m(2)] in 996 patients referred for iohexol clearance (median 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). Bias, precision [interquartile range (IQR)], accuracy expressed as percentage of estimates ± 10% (P (10)) and ± 30% (P (30)) of measured GFR, and classification ability for five GFR stages (<15, 15-29, 30-59, 60-89 and ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were compared. Results. Overall, all three equations performed satisfactorily: LM Revised, MDRD, CKD-EPI showed, respectively, a median bias of -5.8%, -2.2% and 1.7%, IQR 11.9, 12.3 and 11.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P (10) 35%, 34% and 38%, P (30) 84%, 79% and 79% and correctly classified GFR stages 68%, 65% and 69%. LM Revised was at least as accurate in terms of P (30) as the other equations at GFR intervals <90, while CKD-EPI was the only unbiased and the most accurate equation at ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m(2). LM Revised was more stable in terms of bias and accuracy across age and BMI groups than MDRD and CKD-EPI. Both MDRD and CKD-EPI overestimated measured GFR among elderly patients and in the small group of underweight men. Conclusion. The ideal all-purpose GFR prediction equation does not exist. LM Revised should be preferred in patients with suspected or known renal insufficiency, while CKD-EPI is most useful in settings where patients with no a priori suspicion of renal impairment are evaluated. Differences in creatinine measurements between laboratories may limit the generalizability of the present validation.
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| 8. |
- Blanco Penedo, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Animal Health on Organic Dairy Farms: Stakeholder Views on Policy Options
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although ensuring good animal health is a stated aim of organic livestock farming and an important reason why consumers purchase organic products, the health states actually achieved are comparable to those in conventional farming. Unfortunately, there have been no studies to date that have assessed stakeholder views on different policy options for improving animal health on organic dairy farms. To address this deficit, stakeholder consultations were conducted in four European countries, involving 39 supply-chain stakeholders (farmers, advisors, veterinarians, inspectors, processors, and retailers). Stakeholders were encouraged to discuss different ways, including policy change, of improving organic health states. Acknowledging the need for further health improvements in organic dairy herds, stakeholders generally favoured establishing outcome-oriented animal health requirements as a way of achieving this. However, as a result of differing priorities for animal health improvement, there was disagreement on questions such as: who should be responsible for assessing animal health status on organic farms; and how to define and implement minimum health requirements. The results of the study suggest that future research must fully explore the opportunities and risks of different policy options and also suggest ways to overcome the divergence of stakeholders' interests in public debates.
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| 9. |
- Blanco Penedo, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Structural characteristics of organic dairy farms in four European countries and their association with the implementation of animal health plans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 173, s. 244-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to classify the diversity of organic dairy farms in four European countries according to their structural characteristics and investigate the association of these farm types with implementation of herd health plans. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), followed by Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), was used to classify the farms. Data for the analysis came from a survey of 192 organic farms from France, Germany, Spain and Sweden and contained farm and farmer descriptions from which the typologies were derived. Herd health plans was agreed for each farm, via a participatory approach involving the farmers, their veterinarians and other advisors (e.g. dairy advisors) by the use of an impact matrix. The MCA yielded two principal component axes explaining 51.3% of variance. Three farm groups were identified by ARC using the factor scores derived from the MCA. Cluster 1, the most numerous group (56.7% of the sample), had medium herd sizes with moderate use of pasture and moderate intensity of input use. Cluster 2, representing 17.7% of the sample, were the most extensive system and mainly of very small farm size. Cluster 3 (25.5% of the sample and only found in Sweden), had an intensive management approach, but relatively low stocking rate. The analysis also showed that organic dairy farms adopted differentiated strategies towards economic assets and animal health status, according to group membership. The typology therefore provides insights into the potential for advisory strategies relating to husbandry practices, different housing, pasture management and intensity, etc. adapted to different groups of farms. Regarding herd health plan implementation, Cluster 1 was the group with most implemented actions and Cluster 2 with lowest rate of implemented actions. These results may be used as background for directing (tailored) advice strategies, i.e. different types of organic dairy farms (clusters) may require different types of advisory services and recommendations adapted to the specific farm situation in order to deliver future improvements in animal health.
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| 10. |
- Byström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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A steel column exposed to localized fire
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Steel Construction Conference 2012. - : Norwegian Steel Association. - 9788291466125 ; , s. 401-410
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we report on a series of experiments which were conducted in the large fire hall of SP’sThe unprotected steel column with Ø=200 mm and thikness 10 mm was placed with its base in a pan with the fuel and exposed to fires of various liquid fuels and magnitudes. Temperatures were recorded in the gas phase and in the steel. In the gas phase temperatures were measured with traditional thermocouples and Plate Thermometers (PTs). It was observed that measured temperatures were much lower than the correspond temperatures calculated based on the formulas presented in Eurocode 1991-1-2. For a better estimation of the steel temperatures the emissivity of the flame should be taken into account.
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