| 1. |
- Thaung, Jörgen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Reliability of a standardized test in Swedish for evaluation of reading performance in healthy eyes. Interchart and test-retest analyses
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X. ; 92:6, s. 557-562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of our study was to establish a practical and quick test for assessing reading performance and to statistically analyse interchart and test retest reliability of a new standardized Swedish reading chart system consisting of three charts constructed according to the principles available in the literature. Methods: Twenty-four subjects with healthy eyes, mean age 65 +/- 10 years, were tested binocularly and the reading performance evaluated as reading acuity, critical print size and maximum reading speed. The test charts all consist of 12 short text sentences with a print size ranging from 0.9 to 0.2 logNIAR in approximate steps of 0.1 logMAR. Two testing sessions, in two different groups (C1 and C2), were under strict control of luminance and lighting environment. Reading performance tests with chart Ti, '12 and T3 were used for evaluation of interchart reliability and test data from a second session 1 month or more apart for the test retest analysis. Results: The testing of reading performance in adult observers with short sentences of continuous text was quick and practical. The agreement between the tests obtained with the three different test charts was high both within the same test session and at retest. Conclusion: This new Swedish variant of a standardized reading system based on short sentences and logarithmic progression of print size provides reliable measurements of reading performance and preliminary norms in an age group around 65 years. The reading test with three independent reading charts can be useful for clinical studies of reading ability before and after treatment.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
[Dim the light! Glare problems in a world with ever increasing demands on visual acuity] : Blända av!
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 94:41, s. 3607-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ocular tissue transparency is dependent on the regular lattice configuration of lens and corneal fibres of uniform diameter. Ageing is associated with degeneration of both lens and cornea, which lose some of their structural order and eventually their transparency, though this process is not uniform. The structural changes are local and result in ocular media opacities. When the opacities increase in number and extension, they begin to affect visual acuity. As the loss of acuity becomes clinically significant, we speak of clinically relevant cataract. Retinal exposure to light diffused by intraocular light scattering induces optical glare, one of two forms of glare. The other form is transient glare--i.e., glare due to adaptation problems in an environment with rapidly changing ambient luminance. Contemporary society is characterised by increasing emphasis on visual information in such forms as texts, icons, signs and symbols. The computer revolution has been accompanied by further stress on the importance of the detection and interpretation of written instructions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:6, s. 653-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In the Nordic countries 2 to 4% of the population squint or have been squinting. Since strabismus is one of the major causes of amblyopia early detection and treatment is important for preventing this development. For centuries it has been recognized that strabismus is hereditary. Identifying individuals with a family history of squinting could give access to a risk population for a selective screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1,571 children were selected for this study. All children that took part in a voluntary eye examination at one year of age (born 1978-1983) in the city of Vasteras, Sweden and that had a family history of strabismus were selected together with controls. The study was a 6-year follow-up from 1 to 7 years of age. Parental knowledge of squint among relatives and measured high hyperopia (>3.0 D) present at 1 year of age were each and in combination evaluated as a risk indicator for development of strabismus between 1 to 7 years of age. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that a family history of squint in combination with measured high hyperopia can be used in a selective screening to identify a population with an increased risk of 4 to 6 times for developing strabismus. Among the children with parental knowledge of squint among several relatives of both the parents, those with high hyperopia developed strabismus in almost every second case while this was the case in only approximately 10% of those with low hyperopia. Finally, heredity is an important risk indicator that can be used for selective screening purpose. Its potential as a risk indicator is substantially increased when combined with a high hyperopia.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abrahamsson, Maths, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
The occurrence of congenital cataract in western Sweden
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 77:5, s. 578-580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To estimate the occurrence of congenital cataract in a Nordic country. Methods: In 1980, we constructed a database in the Department of Ophthalmology Goteborg University, containing basic data from all cases in western Sweden diagnosed with congenital cataract. By collecting and processing these data from 1980 onwards, we hoped to improve the management of congenital cataract treatment and to optimize the outcome of the treatment. Results: In this study, the incidence of congenital cataract in the four western counties of Sweden was evaluated. The occurrence rate of all cases with congenital cataract during the study period was 36 cases per 100 000. The occurrence rate for dense bilateral and all unilateral cases were both 14 per 100 000 each. Conclusion: There were no time-related changes in incidence of congenital cataract from 1980 until today, although there was a large variation in the yearly incidence.
|
|
| 5. |
- Andersson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Calcium-dependent proteolysis in rabbit lens epithelium after oxidative stress
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Ophthalmic Res. ; 30:3, s. 157-67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine changes in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in the lens epithelium from whole rabbit lenses exposed to long-term oxidative stress at near physiological levels. Rabbit lenses, incubated in 50 microM H2O2 for 1 or 24 h, were checked for clarity and morphological changes in the epithelium. Proteolytic activity was measured in the epithelium using a fluorogenic synthetic substrate; N-succinyl-Leu-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylocoumarin, both in the presence and the absence of calcium (1 mM Ca2+ and 5 mM EDTA respectively). The effect on transparency and morphology of the epithelium following a 1-hour incubation in 100 microM H2O2 was also studied. Lenses incubated in 50 microM H2O2 were clear even after 24h. After a 1-hour incubation in 50 microM H2O2 the epithelium of the exposed lens appeared normal. However, after 24 h the epithelium cells appeared swollen and microscopical examination showed extensive intracellular and subepithelial vacuolization. Incubation in 100 microM H2O2 for 1 h caused loss of transparency; vacuole formation, globulization of the superficial lens fibers and death of the epithelial cells. There was a 55% increase in calcium-dependent proteolytic activity after 1 h in 50 microM H2O2, implying a role for the calcium-activated protease calpain in oxidatively induced cataract.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Caspase and proteasome activity during staurosporin-induced apoptosis in lens epithelial cells
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. - 0146-0404. ; 41:9, s. 2623-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine what caspases are activated during staurosporin-induced apoptosis in cultured bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs), to study the time course of caspase activation in relation to morphologic changes, and to investigate the effect of caspase and/or proteasome inhibition on apoptosis. METHODS: BLECs were incubated with staurosporin at different concentrations or for different times. Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization was detected by annexin-V labeling, nuclear morphology was studied by staining with Hoechst 33342 stain (Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany), and the percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by the TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The activity of caspase-1, -2, -3, -4, -8, and -9 as well as the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome was measured by the use of fluorogenic peptide substrates. Inhibition of the proteasome was performed by incubation with 10 microM lactacystin, and caspases were inhibited by 1 microM Z-DEVD-FMK or 20 microM Z-VAD-FMK. RESULTS: Staurosporin treatment caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in the number of apoptotic cells and in caspase-3 activity. Activation of caspase-2, -4, -8, and -9 was also seen. Caspase activity was increased after 3 hours' incubation with 1 microM staurosporin, which is also the time when most cells became annexin-V-positive. Nuclear changes indicative of apoptosis, viewed with both Hoechst and TUNEL staining, appeared after 4 to 6 hours of staurosporin incubation. Incubation of BLECs with lactacystin caused reduction of proteasome activity and increased apoptosis, evidenced in both the TUNEL assay and caspase-3 activation. Preincubation of lens epithelial cells with caspase inhibitors caused complete inhibition of lactacystin- or staurosporin-induced caspase-3 activation (Z-DEVD-FMK/Z-VAD-FMK) and also of caspase-2, -4, -8, and -9 (Z-VAD-FMK), but the reduction in TUNEL-positive cells was only partial. PS translocation and DNA fragmentation after staurosporin treatment occurred despite complete caspase blockade. CONCLUSIONS: Staurosporin-induced apoptosis in BLECs involves activation of several caspases. Inhibition of the proteasome causes caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Both staurosporin- and lactacystin-induced apoptosis can be executed in a caspase-independent manner. The present data are useful for understanding of proteolytic mechanisms during apoptosis in lens epithelial cells, which may be an important event in normal lens development as well as in some types of cataract.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased caspase-3 activity in human lens epithelium from posterior subcapsular cataracts
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Experimental Eye Research. - 0014-4835. ; 76:2, s. 175-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apoptosis has been implied in normal lens development in the embryo as well as in lens fibre differentiation. It has also been suggested to play a role in non-congenital cataract and in the formation of posterior subcapsular opacification, but data on the presence of apoptosis in human lens epithelium from cataractous lenses are scarce and conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate apoptosis in lens epithelium from patients undergoing cataract surgery. The amount of apoptosis detected was correlated to age, gender, type of cataract, medications and disease. Moreover, the ability of human lens epithelial cells in culture to respond to the apoptosis-inducing agent staurosporin by activation of caspase-3 was investigated. Human lens capsulotomy specimens were collected immediately after surgery, frozen and later analysed with respect to caspase-3 activity, using the fluorogenic substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC. Generally, the activity of caspase-3 detected in this manner was very low and in 23% of the specimens it was non-detectable. However, there were differences in caspase activity between lens epithelial cells from different types of cataract, where samples from lenses with posterior subcapsular cataract exhibited significantly lower caspase-3 activity than lenses with a clear subcapsular zone. Age, gender or medications did not show any correlation with caspase activity but human capsulotomy specimens from diabetic patients exhibited significantly lower caspase-3 activity. Staurosporin caused a concentration-dependent increase in caspase activity in cultured human lens epithelial cells and the amount of apoptotic nuclei was also increased as viewed by staining with Hoechst 33342, showing chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Similar results were obtained when fresh human lens capsulotomy specimens were exposed to 1000 nM staurosporin for 24 hr. To conclude, the present data indicate that human lens epithelial cells have the ability to respond to apoptosis-inducing agents with caspase-3 dependent apoptosis, and that even though the general level of apoptosis in human lens epithelium in vivo is low, there are differences in caspase-3 activity levels in lenses with or without posterior subcapsular cataract. The latter finding supports previous studies indicating that this type of cataract may result from defective differentiation, in which apoptosis may play an important role.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergman, Birgitta, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
Ocular changes, risk markers for eye disorders and effects of cataract surgery in elderly people: a study of an urban Swedish population followed from 70-97 years of age
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907. ; 82, s. 166-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate the prevalence of and potential risk factors for ocular disorders and the effects of timing of cataract surgery from age 70–97 years. Population: A representative population sample taken from within the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies (H 70) in Gothenburg, Sweden (n = 958). All subjects underwent eye examinations at age 70 years in 1971 and subsequently at ages 82, 88, 95 and 97 years. All inhabitants of Gothenburg aged 95 and 97 years were invited to participate in the study. Results: Decreased vision (visual acuity ≤ 0.5) was found in 20% and 80% of subjects at ages 82 and 97 years, respectively. Blood folate and physical activity at age 70 years correlated positively and body mass index (BMI) negatively to visual acuity (VA) ≥ 0.8 at ages 82 and 88 years. Smoking at age 70 years correlated to early age-related maculopathy (ARM). Cataract surgery had been performed in 40% of subjects at age 97 years. Surgery 2 years earlier led to a 15% increase in time spent with improved vision. Conclusions: The deterioration of vision in elderly people is a major health problem, for which ‘low’ folate status, smoking, ‘high’ BMI and low physical activity are potential risk factors. Early cataract surgery is also beneficial in very old patients.
|
|
