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- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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- Purgel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Glyphosate complexation to aluminium(III). An equilibrium and structural study in solution using potentiometry, multinuclear NMR, ATR-FTIR, ESI-MS and DFT calculations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. - 0162-0134. ; 103:11, s. 1426-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stoichiometries and stability constants of a series of Al3+-N-phosponomethyl glycine (PMG/H3L) complexes have been determined in acidic aqueous solution using a combination of precise potentiometric titration data, quantitative Al-27 and P-31 NMR spectra, ATR-FTIR spectrum and ESI-MS measurements (0.6 M NaCl, 25 degrees C). Besides the mononuclear AlH2L2+, Al(H2L)(HL), Al(HL)(2)(-) and Al(HL)L2-, dimeric Al-2(HL)L+ and trinuclear Al3H5L42+ complexes have been postulated. H-1 and P-31 NMR data show that different isomers co-exist in solution and the isomerization reactions are slow on the P-31 NMR time scale. The geometries of monomeric and dimeric complexes likely double hydroxo bridged and double phosphonate bridged isomers have been optimized using DFT ab initio calculations starting from rational structural proposals. Energy calculations using the PCM solvation method also support the co-existence of isomers in solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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