| 1. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Elmahalawy, Safaa, et al.
(författare)
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Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) as a novel method for absolute quantification of major gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4017 .- 1873-2550. ; 261, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present for the first time a new tool, based on Droplet Digital (TM) Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR), for absolute quantification of key genera of gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites of grazing livestock. Four combinations of primers/probe sets targeting the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA gene array were designed using the Primer3 software, following in silico analysis of nucleotide sequences from nematodes of interest downloaded from common databases. The amplified regions include both a universal region for detection of any strongylid gastrointestinal parasite and three different genus specific regions, making it possible to differentiate between the most important GI nematodes of sheep in Sweden: Haemonchus, Teladorsagia and Trichostrongylus. Analysis of samples containing serial dilutions and different mixtures of genomic DNA extracted from different species of adult worms proved useful in assessment of different threshold settings with the QuantaSoft software. Analysis of template DNA from these worms indicated that ddPCR is a viable choice for detection and absolute quantification of the different genera and also in samples with multiple species. Interpretation of the ddPCR results was straightforward and choice of analytical approach had little influence on the final results. Thus, the results obtained in the different analytical approaches seemed to be robust and the concentrations determined were uniform. Furthermore, the linear range of the Haemonchus ddPCR assay was similar to that of real-time PCR (qPCR). Taken together, our data confirm the suitability of ddPCR for detection and absolute quantification of three major sheep pathogens when tested on larval cultures from pooled ovine faeces. The results also indicate that ddPCR can be a useful complement to applications based on conventional egg counting methods such as the faecal egg reduction test (FECRT).
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in frozen chicken meat and risks associated with handling contaminated chicken in the kitchen
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most Campylobacter infections in humans are sporadic cases, often connected to private households. Chicken meat is believed to be the main source of human exposure to Campylobacter and there are significant risks of cross-contamination when handling Campylobacter-contaminated chicken in the kitchen. One post-harvest pre-ventive measure to reduce Campylobacter concentrations on chicken meat is freezing. This study examined survival of different sequence types of C. jejuni during freezing and risk factors during handling of C. jejuni-contaminated chicken meat in the kitchen. Chicken fillets were artificially contaminated before freezing with two different sequence types of C. jejuni (ST-257 and ST-918), at concentrations in the meat of 4.1 log10 CFU/g (low) and 5.3 log10 CFU/g (high). Risk factors in the kitchen were assessed by swabbing gloves before and after washing, to simulate hands before and after washing. Utensils such as scissors and forceps used for cutting were also sampled, while a cutting board was sampled twice to simulate before and after wiping.The greatest decrease in Campylobacter concentrations in the freezer occurred in the first four days and the decrease then flattened off. After 49 days in the freezer, concentrations on meat contaminated with high and low levels of ST-257 decreased by 2.0 log10 CFU/g and 1.5 log10 CFU/g, respectively, while concentrations on chicken meat contaminated with a high and low level of ST-918 decreased by 1.0 log10 CFU/g and 0.7 log10 CFU/ g, respectively. Campylobacter was isolated from all simulated environmental samples. The highest load in the environment of both sequence types was unwashed gloves and the first sampling of the unwiped cutting board. Transfer from gloves and the cutting board was lower after washing/wiping, but high concentrations (>= 2 log10 CFU/mL rinse fluid) of Campylobacter persisted for all samples contaminated with ST-918 and for 18 of 20 samples contaminated with ST-257.In conclusion, there are differences between Campylobacter sequence types in their ability to withstand freezing stress and Campylobacter remaining on hands after washing and on cutting boards after wiping is a likely source of cross-contamination in the kitchen.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Genotype and Antimicrobial Resistance between Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Organic and Conventionally Produced Chickens in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI. - 2076-0817. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge worldwide and increased resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter is being reported. Analysis of antibiotic resistance was performed on 157 Campylobacter strains (123 C. jejuni and 34 C. coli) from conventional and organic chickens produced in Sweden. Susceptibility for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and gentamycin was determined by microdilution. All 77 isolates from organic chickens were sensitive to all antibiotics, except two C. jejuni that were resistant to tetracycline. Of the 80 isolates from conventional chickens, 22.5% of C. jejuni and 11.1% of C. coli were resistant to quinolones and 5.6% of C. jejuni were resistant to tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing resulted in 50 different sequence types of C. jejuni and six of C. coli. Nine sequence types were found in both organic and conventional chickens. Two of these (ST-19 and ST-257) included isolates from conventional broilers with different resistance phenotypes to the remaining isolates from conventional and organic broilers. There are management differences between the production systems, such as feed, breed, use of coccidiostats, and access to outdoor area. It is unlikely that quinolone resistance has arisen due to use of antimicrobials, since fluoroquinolones are not permitted in Swedish broiler production.
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| 6. |
- Höglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Failure of ivermectin treatment in Haemonchus contortus infected-Swedish sheep flocks
- 2015
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-9390. ; 1-2, s. 10-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Control of gastrointestinal nematodes of veterinary importance in Swedish sheep flocks is primarily based on recurring strategic anthelmintic treatments after detection of strongyle eggs in faeces samples. This study reports reduced efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) againstHaemonchus contortusin naturally infected Swedish sheep flocks. Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) and examinations ofH. contortus-specific DNA with qPCR on larval cultures were applied to samples from 11 sheep flocks (A–K) in south-eastern Sweden between 2013 and 2014. Four of these flocks (D, E, J and K) had been in direct contact with flock H, where IVM treatment failure was first observed in October 2013, some years after the introduction of imported dairy sheep. In flock H, the resistance status to IVM was also confirmed by a larval developmental test. IVM concentrations 15–20 times higher than for susceptible strains ofH. contortuswere required to kill the larvae. In addition, faeces samples were obtained from 37 other Swedish sheep farms where the treatment response to IVM was screened initially in six animals using FEC and qPCR 7–10days after administration of IVM. Six farms where the majority was identified with this pre-screening test (B, C, F, G, I and K), were also investigated in more detail with FECRT as described above after the animals had been allocated to groups and treated orally or injected with a minimum of 0.2mg IVM, 0.2mg doramectin (farm F) or 0.2mg moxidectin per kg body weight (farm A and B). Four flocks (farm A, D, G and I) were also treated with 4.8mg albendazole and/or 7.5mg levamisole per kg body weight. Pre-treatment faeces samples were collected from 15 animals on the same day as deworming. Post-treatment samples were collected 7–10days later, whenever possible from 10 animals per group with the highest pre-treatment egg counts. Based on FECRT results, IVM efficacy toH. contortuswas reduced on six farms (C, D, E, G, H and I) out of 11 farms studied with FECRT. This is the first report of IVM treatment failure inH. contortus-infected sheep in Sweden.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Miller, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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First identification of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodent intermediate hosts in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal for Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7519 .- 1879-0135. ; 5, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Echinococcus multilocularis is a zoonotic tapeworm with a sylvatic lifecycle and an expanding range in Europe. Monitoring efforts following its first identification in 2011 in Sweden have focused on the parasite's definitive host, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). However, identifying rodent intermediate hosts is important to recognize opportunities for parasite transmission. During 2013-2015, livers from a total of 1566 rodents from four regions in Sweden were examined for E.multilocularis metacestode lesions. Species identity of suspect parasite lesions was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. E.multilocularis positive lesions >6mm in diameter were also examined histologically. One Microtus agrestis out of 187 (0.5%, 95%CI: 0-2.9%), 8/439 (1.8%, 95%CI: 0.8-3.6%) Arvicola amphibius, 0/655 (0%, 95%CI: 0-0.6%) Myodes glareolus, and 0/285 (0%, 95%CI: 0-1.3%) Apodemus spp. contained E.multilocularis metacestode lesions. Presence of protoscoleces was confirmed in the infected M.agrestis and in three of eight infected A.amphibius. Six of the nine positive rodents were captured from the same field. This is the first report of E.multilocularis in intermediate hosts in Sweden. The cluster of positive rodents in one field shows that local parasite prevalence can be high in Sweden despite overall low national prevalence in foxes (<0.1%). The presence of protoscoleces in infected M.agrestis and A.amphibius indicate these species can serve as competent intermediate hosts in Sweden. However, their relative importance for E.multilocularis transmission in the Swedish environment is not yet possible to assess. In contrast, the negative findings in all M.glareolus and Apodemus spp. suggest that these species are of no importance.
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| 9. |
- Miller, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Support for targeted sampling of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces in Sweden: a method to improve the probability of finding Echinococcus multilocularis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Parasites and Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Localized concentrations of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs from feces of infected red fox (Vulpes vulpes) can create areas of higher transmission risk for rodent hosts and possibly also for humans; therefore, identification of these areas is important. However, in a low prevalence environment, such as Sweden, these areas could be easily overlooked. As part of a project investigating the role of different rodents in the epidemiology of E. multilocularis in Sweden, fox feces were collected seasonally from rodent trapping sites in two regions with known parasite status and in two regions with unknown parasite status, 2013-2015. The aim was to evaluate background contamination in rodent trapping sites from parasite eggs in these regions. To maximize the likelihood of finding fox feces positive for the parasite, fecal collection was focused in habitats with the assumed presence of suitable rodent intermediate hosts (i.e. targeted sampling). Parasite eggs were isolated from feces through sieving-flotation, and parasite species were then confirmed using PCR and sequencing.Results: Most samples were collected in the late winter/early spring and in open fields where both Arvicola amphibius and Microtus agrestis were captured. Fox feces positive for E. multilocularis (41/714) were found within 1-3 field collection sites within each of the four regions. The overall proportion of positive samples was low (<= 5.4%) in three regions, but was significantly higher in one region (22.5%, P < 0.001). There was not a significant difference between seasons or years. Compared to previous national screenings, our sampling strategy identified multiple E. multilocularis positive feces in all four regions, including the two regions with previously unknown parasite status.Conclusions: These results further suggest that the distribution of E. multilocularis is highly aggregated in the environment and provide support for further development of a targeted sampling strategy. Our results show that it was possible to identify new areas of high contamination in low endemic environments. After further elaboration, such a strategy may be particularly useful for countries designing surveillance to document freedom from disease.
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| 10. |
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