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Dealing with institutional complexity: the case of quality evaluation in public procurement of professional services
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Building on a longitudinal document study and institutional logics theory, this paper seeks to further the understanding for how institutional complexity unfolds over time. As empirical example the public procurement of management consulting services is used. The management consulting industry is described as following a professional logic; emphasizing intangible and subjective qualities such as trust, social skills and creativity, and viewing relational purchasing approaches as legitimate. The public procurement legislation, however, follows the market logic, emphasizing objective and measurable qualities and transactional purchasing approaches. The public contracting agents are thus facing a situation characterized by intense institutional complexity and incompatible demands. By exploring how they discursively construct and evaluate quality in their requests for proposals, the current study identifies a development in how the contracting agents deal with the dilemma; from complying with the market logic norms in the legislation, to incorporating more elements from the professional logic. The findings indicate that the normative power in the professional logic trumps the coercive and legislative power of the market logic.
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| 3. |
- Dubois, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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“Get nothing wrong”: perspectives on the functions and fallibilities of professionals and algorithmic technologies in law and justice
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we explore questions about the definition and constitution of expertise and experts as algorithmic technologies impact professional work. It is the aim of this paper to analyse the effects the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on professions, focusing on law and justice. We draw on Eyal’s (2019: 26) typology of different conceptions of expertise, and analyses that disaggregate expert work at the level of tasks (Sampson, 2020), to identify “what experts do”. This allows us to examine differing degrees and forms of expertise in different facets of expert work (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 2005). Part of a professional logic is to “get nothing wrong”, yet the use of algorithmic technologies introduces new sources of imperfection, as well as revealing existing (human) ones. Based on the introduction of cases in law using algorithmic technologies, we propose a framework for understanding the different 2 ways algorithmic technologies do and do not reconstitute the different roles and practices of professional experts. By questioning the nature of expertise, we seek to understand the effects of algorithmic technologies on the professions in a way that transcends binary positions that proclaim either the death of the professions (e.g., Susskind and Susskind, 2015) or continuity and failed revolution (Sutton et al., 2016). By decomposing the work of experts and identifying when algorithmic technologies have or have not changed roles and practices, we develop an understanding of both the opportunities and limitations of change and the implications for current and future conceptions of experts, expertise and professions. This advances debates about augmentation and the way professional work is enabled by algorithmic technologies (Raisch and Krakowski, 2021) by revealing both the practices augmented and the implications for those practices and others that are connected to them. Our approach also allows a wider understanding of the functions and fallibilities of algorithmic technologies in the professions, and how they are contributing to the evolution of the role of experts in society. This in turn opens up questions about regulation, ethics and trust, which can be addressed through the more nuanced understanding, provided by our analysis, of the interactions between algorithmic technologies and human experts. In this sense, this paper makes the following contributions: (1) We investigate the use of AI in law and discuss concrete examples, (2) we apply Eyal’s framework to certain cases of law and justice, and (3) we reflect on the role of AI with regards to functions and fallibilities of professionals in the legal sector. The paper is organized as follows. After the introduction, we introduce the conceptual framework referring to the state-of-the-art of AI and professions, law and justice as professions and the Eyal’s framework. Then, we present the methods applied, and point to illustrative case examples. In the discussion section, we summarise the findings, discuss the contributions and the study’s limitations. Finally, this paper ends with perspectives for future research.
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| 4. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Adopt or Adapt? Unpacking the Role of Institutional Work Processes in the Implementation of New Regulations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F - Oxford Open Option D. - 1477-9803 .- 1053-1858. ; 28:1, s. 138-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building on a longitudinal study of the implementation of a new regulation and a framework of institutional work, this article makes three contributions: first, it explains how nonpowerful regulatees, by engaging in mobilization and cultivation, can change the power balance in the field and adjust the regulation to their local setting. Second, it takes a processual view and develops a conceptual model of how the implementation process unfolds through four waves; initial impact, response, recovery, and stabilization. Third, it shows how the studied actors combine contradictory institutional logics to legitimize their practices and resolve institutional complexity. Thus, it adds new insights into how actors, by engaging in collective and discursive institutional work, can influence both the implementation process and the regulation itself.
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| 6. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Digital business model innovation in tech-based professional service firms
- 2024. - 1st Edition
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Ingår i: Handbook of Services and Artificial Intelligence. - Northampton : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781035301966 - 1035301962 ; , s. 82-97
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As digital technologies become increasingly sophisticated and pervasive, even industries that until recently were thought to be shielded from digitalization - such as the professional service industry - now face digital transformation. Technological developments enable new, tech-based firms to enter the professional service market and develop new business models. However, very few studies have been performed on these new types of actors, and even fewer have investigated their business models. Building on an explorative interview study in 26 tech-based professional service firms (PSFs) offering legal, management consulting, auditing, and executive search services, we provide a more detailed understanding of what innovative business models they use, and how their knowledge-base impacts their adoption and use of artificial intelligence (AI). In doing so, the chapter contributes to the theorizing of how digitalization and the increased use of AI might reshape the professional service industry with new, empirically grounded insights.
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| 7. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Purchasing Policy or Purchasing Police? The Influence of Institutional Logics and Power on Responses to Purchasing Formalization
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Supply Chain Management. - : Wiley. - 1745-493X .- 1523-2409. ; 52:4, s. 5-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seeking to benefit from higher levels of purchasing maturity, many organizations strive to formalize their purchasing practices. Why these practices are not adopted by certain organizations or for certain types of purchases is less well understood, however. It has been argued that the purchasing of knowledge-intensive services is particularly difficult to formalize, but an in-depth understanding of the inter- and intra-organizational dynamics influencing this process is lacking. This study contributes to the purchasing and supply management literature by providing a fine-grained understanding of how actors respond to formalization initiatives. Building on an exploratory interview methodology and using institutional logic and power theory as foundations, we show that formalization initiatives lead to institutional complexity and conflicts. Sets of strategies and counterstrategies for how to deal with the complexity and conflicts are identified, and relational power is found to moderate which strategy is used by the actors. Based on the empirical findings, a conceptual model is developed to describe the response process.
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| 8. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic management of professional service firms: Reviewing ABS journals and identifying key research themes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Professions and Organization. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F - Oxford Open Option D. - 2051-8803 .- 2051-8811.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While practitioners and researchers point to the relevance and importance of the strategic management of professional service firms (PSFs), limited work has been done on systematically integrating and organizing existing research in this field. In this paper, we aim to strengthen the theoretical foundation of PSF strategic management by providing an overview of the research published in leading academic journals. We identify nine recurring themes in the research conducted on strategic management of PSFs; we show how they have evolved over time and how they relate to relevant theories, research approaches, methods, and other variables of interest. Building on the findings from the literature review, we present an integrated model of key themes in the strategic management of PSFs. We also provide insights into the types of themes, methodologies, industry contexts and geographical scopes addressed in articles published in leading journals. Finally, we discuss avenues for future research and how they could add new perspectives to existing studies.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Skjölsvik, Tale, et al.
(författare)
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Digitally enabled professional service organizations: Institutional entrepreneurship in legal tech
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous industrial revolutions have primarily been concerned with the transformation of manual labor to automated and robotized production. The 4th industrial revolution rather concerns the digitalization and infusion of technology in knowledge based work, organizations and industries. In particular, this paper explores the development of the Legal Tech field. By building on institutional change and entrepreneurship theory, it explores the development of the legal industry during 2014 to 2018. Institutional entrepreneurship considers how agents create new institutional arrangements and engage in institutional change through a variety of strategies. While past theory on institutional entrepreneurship suggests that new fields primarily are developed by disadvantaged actors, the research presented here suggests that fields are constructed and re-constructed based on digital technologies and tech start-ups. In particular, the paper identifies three phases and levels of change – work processes, organizational transformations and ecosystems. Each of these phases in turn embed different institutional logics and work.
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