| 1. |
- Beiron, Johanna, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of BECCS in providing negative emissions in Sweden under competing interests for forest-based biomass
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative emissions are needed to meet climate mitigation targets and can be achieved through the capture and storage of biogenic CO2 emissions (BECCS). Sweden holds a large potential for BECCS from the industry and heat and power sectors. This work provides a first assessment of how the conditions for BECCS in Sweden are impacted by competition for forest-based biomass from other sectors, in this work represented by production of transportation fuels. An optimization model is applied to study how demand levels for negative emissions and biofuels, and availability of forestry resources, influence the optimal system design considering the electricity, district heating and biomass sectors. BECCS and direct air capture technologies are available for investments in the model. The results show that biomass availability and biofuel demand have a large impact on the choice of negative emission technology, where high competition for biomass favours DACCS rather than BECCS. The available biomass is prioritized for use in fuel production and sets the upper limit for BECCS. In this work, CHP plants are more competitive for BECCS implementation than pulp mills, due to the energy penalty for CHP plants having a smaller impact on the overall energy system performance. The findings indicate that in addition to considering techno-economic assessments of individual technologies, it is important to take into account the system context in which they operate.
|
|
| 2. |
- Emterling, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinicopathological significance of Nup88 expression in patients with colorectal cancer
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 64:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The nucleoporin Nup88 is overexpressed in a series of human malignancies, however, its clinicopathological significance has not been studied. Our aims were to analyze Nup88 expression in normal mucosa, primary tumors and metastases from colorectal cancer patients and further to identify relationships of Nup88 expression with clinicopathological and other factors.Materials and Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated Nup88 expression in 198 primary colorectal tumors, 96 normal mucosa samples and 35 lymph node metastases.Results: The results showed that the intensity of Nup88 expression increased from the normal mucosa to the primary tumors (p < 0.0001) and tended to increase from the primary tumors to the metastases (p = 0.15). Both primary tumors and metastases presented stronger expression in the invasive margin and vascular-invaded areas. Nup88 expression was positively related to distal tumor location (p = 0.01), infiltrative growth pattern (p = 0.04) and higher proliferative activity (p = 0.04) and reversely to the grade of differentiation (p = 0.02) and apoptosis (p = 0.049). Strong expression of Nup88 predicted a worse outcome in the patients with distal tumors during the follow-up period of up to 3 years (p = 0.02).Conclusions: It seems that overexpression of Nup88 was involved in the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of colorectal cancers, and Nup88 may be used as a prognostic factor in patients with distal tumors.
|
|
| 3. |
- Flygt, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Human Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Oligodendrocyte Death and Increases the Number of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-3069 .- 1554-6578. ; 75:6, s. 503-515
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oligodendrocyte (OL) death may contribute to white matter pathology, a common cause of network dysfunction and persistent cognitive problems in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) persist throughout the adult CNS and may replace dead OLs. OL death and OPCs were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of human brain tissue samples, surgically removed due to life-threatening contusions and/or focal brain swelling at 60.6 ± 75 hours (range 4–192 hours) postinjury in 10 severe TBI patients (age 51.7 ± 18.5 years). Control brain tissue was obtained postmortem from 5 age-matched patients without CNS disorders. TUNEL and CC1 co-labeling was used to analyze apoptotic OLs, which were increased in injured brain tissue (p < 0.05), without correlation with time from injury until surgery. The OPC markers Olig2, A2B5, NG2, and PDGFR-α were used. In contrast to the number of single-labeled Olig2, A2B5, NG2, and PDGFR-α-positive cells, numbers of Olig2 and A2B5 co-labeled cells were increased in TBI samples (p < 0.05); this was inversely correlated with time from injury to surgery (r = -0.8, p < 0.05). These results indicate that severe focal human TBI results in OL death and increases in OPCs postinjury, which may influence white matter function following TBI.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hedenstedt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
B cell polygenic risk scores associate with anti-dsDNA antibodies and nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Lupus science & medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2053-8790. ; 10:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cell function and autoantibodies are important in SLE pathogenesis. In this work, we aimed to investigate the impact of cumulative SLE B cell genetics on SLE subphenotype and autoantibody profile.Female patients with SLE (n=1248) and healthy controls (n=400) were genotyped using Illumina's Global Screening Array. Two polygenic risk scores (PRSs), one representing B cell genes and the other B cell activation genes, were calculated for each individual using risk loci for SLE in genes assigned to B cell-related pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Ontology and Reactome Databases.Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies were more prevalent among patients with a high compared with a low SLE B cell PRS (OR 1.47 (1.07 to 2.01), p=0.018), and effect sizes were augmented in patients with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) risk haplotypes HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 (DRB1*03/15 -/- (OR 0.99 (0.56 to 1.77), p=0.98; DRB1*03/15 +/- or -/+ (OR 1.64 (1.06 to 2.54), p=0.028; and DRB1*03/15 +/+ (OR 4.47 (1.21 to 16.47), p=0.024). Further, a high compared with a low B cell PRS was associated with low complement levels in DRB1*03/15 +/+ patients (OR 3.92 (1.22 to 12.64), p=0.022). The prevalence of lupus nephritis (LN) was higher in patients with a B cell activation PRS above the third quartile compared with patients below (OR 1.32 (1.00 to 1.74), p=0.048).High genetic burden related to B cell function is associated with dsDNA antibody development and LN. Assessing B cell PRSs may be important in order to determine immunological pathways influencing SLE and to predict clinical phenotype.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hiltunen, Linda, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Risky drinking cultures among affluent youth in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing scientific interest in drinking behavior among young people in affluent areas, who report higher levels of alcohol consumption compared to youth in less privileged areas. This phenomenon has been observed in several Western countries. The research has been dominated by variable-oriented analyses and has presented interesting explanations, but there has been little research into these young people's own experiences of and attitudes toward alcohol consumption. To develop interventions targeting this group, we need to understand their lifeworld. This study aims to develop an in-depth understanding of the high alcohol consumption among young people in affluent areas and how they themselves experience it. In the spring of 2019, we conducted 20 in-depth interviews with adolescents in upper secondary school (aged 15–19) in one of the most affluent area in Sweden. The empirical material was analyzed thematically. Theoretically, the phenomenon is understood by relating to social identity processes and considering the group's material, social and cultural means through Bourdieu's metaphors of capital. We found that affluent youth link their social identities to alcohol consumption. Alcohol is a social beverage that opens social networks and contributes to a sense of community. The consumption of alcohol gives experience capital leading to status in this context, with clear norms and expectations governing alcohol consumption. Parties are arranged in protected spaces where young people are free to drink out of the adults' sight. Affluent youths also have considerable purchasing power which contributes to drinking, and they are socialized into a pre-existing adult alcohol culture characterized by a liberal view on alcohol. Finally, when alcohol consumption escalates, the youths perceive that it is difficult to get adequate help from the adult world. The findings are important for future preventive interventions for subgroups of adolescents at high risk for heavy drinking.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hård af Segerstad, Ylva, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a Nuanced Understanding of Grief in Contemporary Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Global Conference on Person-Centred Care. Knowledge(s) and Innovations for Health in Changing Societies. 13-16 May 2024, Gothenburg, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the individual variations of grief in contemporary Sweden and to identify both existing and sought-after support measures for individuals experiencing grief. A survey was distributed that dealt with feelings, support, experiences of grief. The survey was answered by 255 people (181 = women; 74 = men). Some respondents experienced the loss as expected and some experienced it as unexpected. The results of the survey point to differences as well as similarities in terms of feelings, forms of support, strategies for dealing with grief and need for support, depending on how the death occurred. Research in person-centered care has observed that individual uniqueness and active listening constitute fundamental components. This insight also holds significance within the framework of support interventions for individuals experiencing grief. Despite criticism in academia for the lack of evidence for its effectiveness, normative models for grief stubbornly persist both in popular imagination and among health care professionals. Such assumptions have contributed to medicalizing and pathologizing what research has shown to be natural responses to loss for the vast majority of bereaved individuals. For person-centered care to effectively function as a strategy for promoting human well-being, on both an individual and a societal level, it is imperative that we develop an understanding of well-being in the terms articulated and expressed by individuals. Everyone, sooner or later, encounters losses and lives with grief. However, particularly within the healthcare domain, grief frequently remains concealed and inadequately addressed and may be misconstrued as ill-health and disease, potentially resulting in medical intervention. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that healthcare professionals possess a comprehensive understanding of natural grief.
|
|
| 7. |
- Kvillemo, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of an automated digital brief prevention intervention targeting adolescents and young adults with risky alcohol and other substance use : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when individuals may be especially vulnerable to harmful substance use. Several critical developmental processes are occurring in the brain, and substance use poses both short-term and long-term risks with regard to mental health and social development. From a public health perspective, it is important to prevent or delay substance use to reduce individual risk and societal costs. Given the scarcity of effective interventions targeting substance use among adolescents and young adults, cost-effective and easily disseminated interventions are warranted. The current study will test the effectiveness of a fully automated digital brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol and other substance use in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years. Methods and analysis A two-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled trial design is applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Baseline assessment, as well as 3-month and 6-month follow-up, will be carried out. The aim is to include 800 participants with risky substance use based on the screening tool CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble). Recruitment, informed consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up will be implemented online. The primary outcome is reduction in alcohol use, measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total score. Secondary outcomes concern binge drinking, frequency of alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol consumed a typical day when alcohol is consumed, average daily drinks per typical week, other substance use, mental health, sexual risk behaviours and perceived peer pressure. Moreover, the study involves analyses of potential moderators including perfectionism, openness to parents, help-seeking and background variables. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (no. 2019-03249). The trial is expected to expand the knowledge on digital preventive interventions for substance using adolescents and young adults. Results will be disseminated in research journals, at conferences and via the media.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kvillemo, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
How to prevent alcohol and illicit drug use among students in affluent areas : a qualitative study on motivation and attitudes towards prevention
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : BioMed Central. - 1747-597X. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of alcohol and illicit drugs during adolescence can lead to serious short- and long-term health related consequences. Despite a global trend of decreased substance use, in particular alcohol, among adolescents, evidence suggests excessive use of substances by young people in socioeconomically affluent areas. To prevent substance use-related harm, we need in-depth knowledge about the reasons for substance use in this group and how they perceive various prevention interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore motives for using or abstaining from using substances among students in affluent areas as well as their attitudes to, and suggestions for, substance use prevention. Methods: Twenty high school students (age 15-19 years) in a Swedish affluent municipality were recruited through purposive sampling to take part in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis of transcribed interviews was performed. Results: The most prominent motive for substance use appears to be a desire to feel a part of the social milieu and to have high social status within the peer group. Motives for abstaining included academic ambitions, activities requiring sobriety and parental influence. Students reported universal information-based prevention to be irrelevant and hesitation to use selective prevention interventions due to fear of being reported to authorities. Suggested universal prevention concerned reliable information from credible sources, stricter substance control measures for those providing substances, parental involvement, and social leisure activities without substance use. Suggested selective prevention included guaranteed confidentiality and non-judging encounters when seeking help. Conclusions: Future research on substance use prevention targeting students in affluent areas should take into account the social milieu and with advantage pay attention to students' suggestions on credible prevention information, stricter control measures for substance providers, parental involvement, substance-free leisure, and confidential ways to seek help with a non-judging approach from adults.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lönn, Johanna, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Hepatocyte growth factor in patients with coronary artery disease and its relation to periodontal condition
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Results in Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2839. ; 2, s. 7-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an angiogenic, cardioprotective factor important for tissue and vascular repair. High levels of HGF are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis, and are suggested as a marker of the ongoing atherosclerotic event in patients with CAD. Periodontal disease is more prevalent among patients with CAD than among healthy people. Recent studies indicate a reduced biological activity of HGF in different chronic inflammatory conditions. Biologically active HGF has high affinity to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on cell-membrane and extracellular matrix. The aim of the study was to investigate the serum concentration and the biological activity of HGF with ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), respectively, before and at various time points after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with CAD, and to examine the relationship with periodontal condition. The periodontal status of the CAD patients was examined, and the presence of P. gingivalis in periodontal pockets was analyzed with PCR. The HGF concentration was significantly higher, at all time-points, in patients with CAD compared to the age-matched controls (P< 0.001), but was independent of periodontal status. The HGF concentration and the affinity to HSPG adversely fluctuated over time, and the biological activity increased one month after intervention in patients without periodontitis. We conclude that elevated concentration of HGF but with reduced biological activity might indicate a chronic inflammatory profile in patients with CAD and periodontitis.
|
|
| 10. |
- Oberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Age related changes in brain metabolites observed by 1H MRS in APP/PS1 mice
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 29:9, s. 1423-1433
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Translational biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease based on non-invasive in vivo methods are highly warranted. (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is non-invasive and applicable in vivo in both humans and experimental animals. In vivo(1)H MRS and 3D MRI were performed on brains of double transgenic (tg) mice expressing a double mutant human beta-amyloid precursor protein APP(K670N,M671L) and human mutated presenilin gene PS1M146L, and wild-type (wt) littermates at 2.5, 6.5 and 9 months of age using a 9.4T magnet. For quantification, LCModel was used, and the data were analyzed using multivariate data analysis (MVDA). MVDA evidenced a significant separation, which became more pronounced with age, between tg and wt mice at all time points. While myo-inositol and guanidoacetate were important for group separation in young mice, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate and macrolipids were important for separation of aged tg and wt mice. Volume segmentation revealed that brain and hippocampus were readily smaller in tg as compared to wt mice at the age of 2.5 months. Amyloid plaques were seen in 6.5 and 9 months, but not in 2.5 months old animals. In conclusion, differences in brain metabolites could be accurately depicted in tg and wt mice in vivo by combining MRS with MVDA. First differences in metabolite content were readily seen at 2.5 months, when volume defects in tg mice were present, but no amyloid plaques.
|
|
