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| 2. |
- Balliu, Musard, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges of Producing Software Bill of Materials for Java
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Security and Privacy. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1540-7993 .- 1558-4046. ; 21:6, s. 12-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software bills of materials (SBOMs) promise to become the backbone of software supply chain hardening. We deep-dive into six tools and the SBOMs they produce for complex open source Java projects, revealing challenges regarding the accurate production and usage of SBOMs.
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| 3. |
- Balliu, Musard, et al.
(författare)
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Software Bill of Materials in Java
- 2023
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Ingår i: SCORED 2023 - Proceedings of the 2023 Workshop on Software Supply Chain Offensive Research and Ecosystem Defenses. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 75-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern software applications are virtually never built entirely in-house. As a matter of fact, they reuse many third-party dependencies, which form the core of their software supply chain [1]. The large number of dependencies in an application has turned into a major challenge for both security and reliability. For example, to compromise a high-value application, malicious actors can choose to attack a less well-guarded dependency of the project [2]. Even when there is no malicious intent, bugs can propagate through the software supply chain and cause breakages in applications. Gathering accurate, upto- date information about all dependencies included in an application is, therefore, of vital importance.
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| 4. |
- Lachonius, Maria, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic factors and long-term mortality risk after surgical aortic valve replacement.
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention. - 2772-4875. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is scarce knowledge about the association between socioeconomic status and mortality in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. This study explores the associations between income, education and marital status, and long-term mortality risk.In this national registry-based observational cohort study we included all 14,537 patients aged >18 years who underwent isolated surgical aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis in Sweden 1997-2020. Socioeconomic status and comorbidities were collected from three mandatory national registries. Cox regression models adjusted for patient characteristics and comorbidities were used to estimate the mortality risk.Mortality risk was higher for patients in the lowest versus the highest income quintile (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.65), for patients with <10 years education versus >12 years (aHR 1.20, 95% CI:1.08-1.33), and for patients who were not married/cohabiting versus those who were (aHR 1.24, 95% CI:1.04-1.48). Patients with the most unfavorable socioeconomic status (lowest income, shortest education, never married/cohabiting) had an adjusted median survival of 2.9 years less than patients with the most favorable socioeconomic status (14.6 years, 95% CI: 13.2-17.4 years vs. 11.7 years, 95% CI: 9.8-14.4).Low socioeconomic status in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement is associated with shorter survival and an increased long-term adjusted mortality risk. These results emphasize the importance of identifying surgical aortic valve replacement patients with unfavorable socioeconomic situation and ensure sufficient post-discharge surveillance.
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| 5. |
- Skoglund, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing In-ear EOG for Eye-Movement Estimation With Eye-Tracking : Accuracy, Calibration, and Speech Comprehension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation details and evaluates a method for estimating the attended speaker during a two-person conversation by means of in-ear electro-oculography (EOG). Twenty-five hearing-impaired participants were fitted with molds equipped with EOG electrodes (in-ear EOG) and wore eye-tracking glasses while watching a video of two life-size people in a dialog solving a Diapix task. The dialogue was directionally presented and together with background noise in the frontal hemisphere at 60 dB SPL. During three conditions of steering (none, in-ear EOG, conventional eye-tracking), participants comprehension was periodically measured using multiple-choice questions. Based on eye movement detection by in-ear EOG or conventional eye-tracking, the estimated attended speaker was amplified by 6 dB. In the in-ear EOG condition, the estimate was based on one selected channel pair of electrodes out of 36 possible electrodes. A novel calibration procedure introducing three different metrics was used to select the measurement channel. The in-ear EOG attended speaker estimates were compared to those of the eye-tracker. Across participants, the mean accuracy of in-ear EOG estimation of the attended speaker was 68%, ranging from 50 to 89%. Based on offline simulation, it was established that higher scoring metrics obtained for a channel with the calibration procedure were significantly associated with better data quality. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in comprehension of about 10% in both steering conditions relative to the no-steering condition. Comprehension in the two steering conditions was not significantly different. Further, better comprehension obtained under the in-ear EOG condition was significantly correlated with more accurate estimation of the attended speaker. In conclusion, this study shows promising results in the use of in-ear EOG for visual attention estimation with potential for applicability in hearing assistive devices.
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| 6. |
- Skoglund, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating population history using temporal genetic differentiation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 31:9, s. 2516-2527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid advance of sequencing technology coupled with improvements in molecular methods for obtaining genetic data from ancient sources holds the promise of producing a wealth of genomic data from time-separated individuals. However, the population genetic properties of time-structured samples have not been extensively explored. Here, we consider the implications of temporal sampling for analyses of genetic differentiation, and use a temporal coalescent framework to show that complex historical events such as size reductions, population replacements, and transient genetic barriers between populations leave a footprint of genetic differentiation that can be traced through history using temporal samples. Our results emphasize explicit consideration of the temporal structure when making inferences, and indicate that genomic data from ancient individuals will greatly increase our ability to reconstruct population history.
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| 7. |
- Warg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Quantitative Risk Norm - A Proposed Tailoring of HARA for ADS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2020 50th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W). - Los Alamitos. - 9781728172637
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major challenges of automated drivingsystems (ADS) is showing that they drive safely. Key to ensuringsafety is eliciting a complete set of top-level safety requirements(safety goals). This is typically done with an activity called hazardanalysis and risk assessment (HARA). In this paper we argue thatthe HARA of ISO 26262:2018 is not directly suitable for an ADS,both because the number of relevant operational situations maybe vast, and because the ability of the ADS to make decisionsin order to reduce risks will affect the analysis of exposure andhazards. Instead we propose a tailoring using a quantitative risknorm (QRN) with consequence classes, where each class has alimit for the frequency within which the consequences may occur.Incident types are then defined and assigned to the consequenceclasses; the requirements prescribing the limits of these incidenttypes are used as safety goals to fulfil in the implementation.The main benefits of the QRN approach are the ability to showcompleteness of safety goals, and make sure that the safetystrategy is not limited by safety goals which are not formulatedin a way suitable for an ADS.
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| 8. |
- Wilroth, Johanna, 1994-
(författare)
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Exploring Auditory Attention Using EEG
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Listeners with normal-hearing often overlook their ability to comprehend speech in noisy environments effortlessly. Our brain’s adeptness at identifying and amplifying attended voices while suppressing unwanted background noise, known as the cocktail party problem, has been extensively researched for decades. Yet, many aspects of this complex puzzle remain unsolved and listeners with hearing-impairment still struggle to focus on a specific speaker in noisy environments. While recent intelligent hearing aids have improved noise suppression, the problem of deciding which speaker to enhance remains unsolved, leading to discomfort for many hearing aid users in noisy environments.In this thesis, we explore the complexities of the human brain in challenging auditory environments. Two datasets are investigated where participants were tasked to selectively attend to one of two competing voices, replicating a cocktail-party scenario. The auditory stimuli trigger neurons to generate electrical signals that propagate in all directions. When a substantial number of neurons fire simultaneously, their collective electrical signal becomes detectable by small electrodes placed on the head. This method of measuring brain activity, known as electroencephalography (EEG), holds potential to provide feedback to the hearing aids, enabling adjustments to enhance attended voice(s).EEG data is often noisy, incorporating neural responses with artifacts such as muscle movements, eye blinks and heartbeats. In the first contribution of this thesis, we focus on comparing different manual and automatic artifact-rejection techniques and assessing their impact on auditory attention decoding (AAD).While EEG measurements offer high temporal accuracy, spatial resolution is inferior compared to alternative tools like magnetoencephalography (MEG). This difference poses a considerable challenge for source localization with EEG data. In the second contribution of this thesis, we demonstrate anticipated activity in the auditory cortex using EEG data from a single listener, employing Neuro-Current Response Functions (NCRFs). This method, previously evaluated only with MEG data, holds significant promise in hearing aid development.EEG data may involve both linear and nonlinear components due to the propagation of the electrical signals through brain tissue, skull, and scalp with varying conductivities. In the third contribution, we aim to enhance source localization by introducing a binning-based nonlinear detection and compensation method. The results suggest that compensating for some nonlinear components produces more precise and synchronized source localization compared to original EEG data.In the fourth contribution, we present a novel domain adaptation framework that improves AAD performances for listeners with initially low classification accuracy. This framework focuses on classifying the direction (left or right) of attended speech and shows a significant accuracy improvement when transporting poor data from one listener to the domain of good data from different listeners.Taken together, the contributions of this thesis hold promise for improving the lives of hearing-impaired individuals by closing the loop between the brain and hearing aids.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Albert, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalized patients’ attitudes towards participating in a randomized control trial in case of a cardiac arrest
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - 2666-5204. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNo previous study has evaluated patients attitudes towards inclusion in an ongoing cardiac arrest clinical trial. The aim of this study was to assess patientś willingness and motives to participate in the ongoing randomized controlled drug trial “Vasopressin and Steroids in addition to Adrenaline in cardiac arrest” (VAST-A trial) in case of an in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).ObjectivesHospitalized patients, men ≥ 18 and women ≥ 50 years, were asked for informed consent for inclusion in the VAST-A trial in case of an IHCA, the reason for approving or declining inclusion in the trial and baseline characteristics.MethodsPatients admitted to hospital were asked to give informed consent of inclusion in VAST-A in case of an IHCA during their hospital stay. Patients were also asked why they approved or declined inclusion as well as baseline characteristics questions.Results1,064 patients were asked about willingness to participate in the VAST-A trial, of these 902 (84.8%) patients approved inclusion. A subgroup of 411 patients were, except willingness, also asked about motives to participate or not and basic characteristics. The main reason for approving inclusion was to contribute to research (n = 328, 83.9%). The main reason for declining inclusion was concerns regarding testing the drug treatment (n = 6, 30%).ConclusionAmong hospitalized patients the vast majority gave informed consent to inclusion in an ongoing randomized cardiac arrest drug trial. The main reason for approving inclusion was to contribute to research.
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