| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Sprovieri, F., et al.
(författare)
-
Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:18, s. 11915-11935
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010-2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arnlund, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualizing a protein quake with time-resolved X-ray scattering at a free-electron laser
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 11:9, s. 923-926
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a method to measure ultrafast protein structural changes using time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering at an X-ray free-electron laser. We demonstrated this approach using multiphoton excitation of the Blastochloris viridis photosynthetic reaction center, observing an ultrafast global conformational change that arises within picoseconds and precedes the propagation of heat through the protein. This provides direct structural evidence for a 'protein quake': the hypothesis that proteins rapidly dissipate energy through quake-like structural motions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sandvik, R. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Nationwide lung function monitoring from infancy in newborn-screened children with cystic fibrosis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal Open Research (ERJ Open Research). - 2312-0541. ; 9:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease starts in infancy and can be assessed for structural lung abnormalities using computed tomography or magnetic resonance scans, or for lung function impairment using multiple breath washout (MBW). However, in infancy these two methods are not well correlated. Trajectories of CF lung disease assessed by MBW in infants and toddlers remain poorly described, which is why we aimed to 1) describe the trajectory of lung function, 2) explore risk factors for progression and 3) explore the real-life effect of lumacaftor/ivacaftor. Methods This was a nationwide observational cohort study (2018-2021) using data collected as part of the routine clinical surveillance programme (including MBW and monthly endo-laryngeal suction sampling for bacterial pathogens) in children born after implementation of newborn screening for CF (May 2016). Lumacaftor/ivacaftor commenced from age 2 years in children homozygous for F508del. Ventilation distribution efficiency (VDE), recently described to have advantages over lung clearance index (LCI), was reported as the primary MBW outcome after z-score calculations based on published reference data. Mixed effect linear regression models were the main statistical analyses performed in this study. Results 59 children, aged 2-45 months, contributed with 211 MBW occasions (median (interquartile range (IQR)) 3 (2-5) MBW occasions per child) with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 10.8 (5.222.3) months. An overall mean annual deterioration rate of -0.50 (95% CI -0.78-0.22) z-VDE was observed, starting from an estimated mean z-VDE of -1.68 (95% CI -2.15-1.22) at age 0.0 years (intercept). Pseudomonas aeruginosa "ever" (n=14, MBWs 50) had a significantly worse z-VDE trajectory versus P. aeruginosa "never" (mean difference 0.53 (95% CI 0.16-0.89) per year; p=0.0047) and lumacaftor/ivacaftor treatment (n=22, MBWs 46) significantly improved the trajectory of z-VDE (mean difference 1.72 (95% CI 0.79-2.66) per year; p=0.0004), leading to a stable mean z-VDE trajectory after start of treatment. Conclusions Infants and toddlers with CF demonstrated progressive deterioration in z-VDE over the first years of life. P. aeruginosa isolation "ever" was associated with an accelerated deterioration in lung function, while lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy significantly improved and stabilised the trajectory.
|
|
| 5. |
- Basaiawmoit, R V, et al.
(författare)
-
SAXS Models of TGFBIp Reveal a Trimeric Structure and Show That the Overall Shape Is Not Affected by the Arg124His Mutation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. - 0022-2836. ; 408:3, s. 503-513
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human transforming growth factor beta induced protein (TGFBIp) is composed of 683 residues, including an N-terminal cysteine-rich (EMI) domain, four homologous fasciclin domains, and an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif near the C-terminus. The protein is of interest because mutations in the TGFBI gene encoding TGFBIp lead to corneal dystrophy (CD), a condition where protein aggregates within the cornea compromise transparency. The complete three-dimensional structure of TGFBIp is not yet available, with the exception of a partial X-ray structure of the archetype FAS1 domain derived from Drosophila fasciclin-1. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) models of intact wild-type (WT) human TGFBIp and a mutant (R124H) are presented. The mutation R124H leads to a variant of granular CD. The deduced structure of the TGFBIp monomer consists of four FAS1 domains in a simple "beads-on-a-string" arrangement, constructed by the superimposition of four consecutive Drosophila fasciclin domains. The SAXS-based model of the TGFBIp R124H mutant displayed no structural differences from WT. Both WT TGFBIp and the R124H mutant formed trimers at higher protein concentrations. The similar association properties and three-dimensional shape of the two proteins suggest that the mutation does not induce any major structural rearrangements, but points towards the role of other corneal-specific factors in the formation of corneal R124H deposits.
|
|
| 6. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansen, I. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Bigger is not better: cortisol-induced cardiac growth and dysfunction in salmonids
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0022-0949 .- 1477-9145. ; 220:14, s. 2545-2553
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress and elevated cortisol levels are associated with pathological heart growth and cardiovascular disease in humans and other mammals. We recently established a link between heritable variation in post-stress cortisol production and cardiac growth in salmonid fish too. A conserved stimulatory effect of the otherwise catabolic steroid hormone cortisol is probably implied, but has to date not been established experimentally. Furthermore, whereas cardiac growth is associated with failure of the mammalian heart, pathological cardiac hypertrophy has not previously been described in fish. Here, we show that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with cortisol in the diet for 45 days have enlarged hearts with lower maximum stroke volume and cardiac output. In accordance with impaired cardiac performance, overall circulatory oxygen-transporting capacity was diminished as indicated by reduced aerobic swimming performance. In contrast to the well-known adaptive/physiological heart growth observed in fish, cortisol-induced growth is maladaptive. Furthermore, the observed heart growth was associated with up-regulated signature genes of mammalian cardiac pathology, suggesting that signalling pathways mediating cortisol-induced cardiac remodelling in fish are conserved from fish to mammals. Altogether, we show that excessive cortisol can induce pathological cardiac remodelling. This is the first study to report and integrate the etiology, physiology and molecular biology of cortisol-induced pathological remodelling in fish.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sandvik, R. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Contemporary N-2 and SF6 multiple breath washout in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 8755-6863 .- 1099-0496.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Multiple breath washout (MBW) is used for early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, with SF6MBW commonly viewed as the reference method. The use of N2MBW in infants and toddlers has been questioned for technical and physiological reasons, but a new correction of the N(2 )signal has minimized the technical part. The present study aimed to assess the remaining differences and the contributing mechanisms for the differences between SF6 and N2MBW,corrected-such as tidal volume reduction during N-2 washout with pure O-2. Method This was a longitudinal multicenter cohort study. SF6MBW and N2MBW were performed prospectively at three CF centers in the same visits on 154 test occasions across 62 children with CF (mean age: 22.7 months). Offline analysis using identical algorithms to the commercially available program provided outcomes of N-2,N-original and N-2,N-corrected for comparison with SF6MBW. Results Mean functional residual capacity, FRCN2,corrected was 14.3% lower than FRCN2, original, and 1.0% different from FRCSF6. Lung clearance index, LCIN2,corrected was 25.2% lower than LCIN2,original, and 7.3% higher than LCISF6. Mean (SD) tidal volume decreased significantly during N2MBWcorrected, compared to SF6MBW (-13.1 ml [-30.7; 4.6], p < 0.0001, equal to -12.0% [-25.7; 1.73]), but this tidal volume reduction did not correlate to the differences between LCIN2,corrected and LCISF6. The absolute differences in LCI increased significantly with higher LCISF6 (0.63/LCISF6) and (0.23/LCISF6), respectively, for N-2,N-original and N-2,N-corrected, but the relative differences were stable across disease severity for N-2,N-corrected, but not for N-2,N-original. Conclusion Only minor residual differences between FRCN2,corrected and FRCSF6 remained to show that the two methods measure gas volumes very similar in this age range. Small differences in LCI were found. Tidal volume reduction during N2MBW did not affect differences. The corrected N2MBW can now be used with confidence in young children with CF, although not interchangeably with SF6.
|
|
