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- Goodman, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Tenocyte response to cyclical strain and transforming growth factor beta is dependent upon age and site of origin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biorheology. - 0006-355X. ; 41:5, s. 613-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of strain and transforming growth factor beta on equine tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) was assessed in vitro. Tenocytes were isolated from flexor and extensor tendons of horses from foetal to 10 years of age. These cells were cultured until confluent on collagen-coated silicone dishes. Cyclic biaxial strain of 9 +/- 1% was applied at 0.5 Hz for 24 hours with or without added TGFbeta1 or 3 (10 ng/ml). Proliferation and synthetic responses were dependent on the tendon of origin. Neither strain nor TGFbeta caused flexor tenocytes to proliferate significantly, while strain alone did proliferate extensor tenocytes. TGFbeta, with or without strain, increased the incorporation of [H-3]-proline and the production of types I and III collagen and COMP in both cell types, although the effect on COMP production was more marked in flexor tenocytes, perhaps reflecting the higher levels found in this tendon in vivo. Immature flexor tenocytes synthesised more collagen and COMP than those from mature animals. while age had little effect in extensor tenocytes. Our results suggest that tenocytes become differentiated at an early age and present tendon-specific responses.
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| 4. |
- Smith, RKW, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of ageing and exercise on tendon growth and degeneration - hypotheses for the initiation and prevention of strain-induced tendinopathies
- 2002
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. - 1531-4332. ; 133:4, s. 1039-1050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strain-induced tendinopathy is a common injury in both human and equine athletes, with increasing incidence associated with greater involvement in sport and an increasingly aged population. This paper reviews our studies on the abundant non-collagenous protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), in equine tendons. Its variation between tendon type and site, age and exercise has provided an insight into how age and exercise influence tendon growth and maturation. Tendons can be broadly divided into two types, reflecting their different matrix composition and function: the energy-storing tendons used for weight-bearing and locomotion, which suffer a high incidence of strain-induced tendinopathy, and positional tendons involved in limb placement or manipulative skills. It would appear that while energy-storing tendon can respond to the mechanical forces applied to it during growth, there is no evidence that it can do so after skeletal maturity. Instead, cumulative fatigue damage causes degeneration at the molecular level, potentially weakening it and increasing the risk of clinical injury. Appropriate exercise regimes early in life may help to improve the quality of growing tendon, thereby reducing the incidence of injury during ageing or subsequent athletic career. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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