| 1. |
- Jacobs, Marijke, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and upscaling of perovskite Mn-based oxygen carrier by industrial spray drying route
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836. ; 70, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO 2 by avoiding direct contact between air and fuel. The transfer of oxygen is realised by metal oxide particles that continuously circulate between the air and fuel reactors. Promising particles are perovskite Mn-based oxygen carrier materials, which have proven their performance at lab-scale. To test these particles at an industrial scale, it is necessary to use more raw materials that are widely and cheaply available in bulk quantities. The development of these Mn-based oxygen carriers by the spray drying method was investigated in this study. Furthermore, the production method is transferred to industrial scale so that several tonnes of oxygen carriers could be produced. The characterization and the performance of these particles at lab and industrial scale is discussed. Different Mn ores and oxides were selected to study the effect of the used Mn source on the oxygen carrier performance. Particles suitable for chemical looping were made based on diverse Mn sources with different Mn oxidation states. The performance of the oxygen carrier was found to be heavily impacted by impurities in the raw materials. The best performing Mn oxide was selected for up-scaling and each step of the spray drying process was optimized at large scale. The thermal treatment of the particles at tonne scale remains a challenge, but particles with a good mechanical strength, sphericity and sufficient reactivity for methane were manufactured.
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| 2. |
- Jerndal, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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NiO particles with Ca and Mg based additives produced by spray-drying as oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion
- 2008
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 1:1, s. 479-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chemical-looping combustion is a two-step combustion process where CO2 is obtained in a separate stream, ready for compression and sequestration. The technique involves two interconnected fluidized bed reactors, with a solid oxygen carrier circulating between them. Results of reactivity experiments with 24 different oxygen carriers, based on NiO with NiAl2O4 and/or MgAl2O4 and produced with spray-drying, are presented. The investigation revealed that oxygen carriers supported by MgAl2O4, or where a small amount of MgO was added, displayed an increased fuel conversion when compared to oxygen carriers of NiO supported by NiAl2O4.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Snijkers, Franz, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical-looping combustion: An emerging carbon-capture technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology. - 0149-2136. ; 68:7, s. 85-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) has been identified recently as a high-potential carbon-capture- and-storage technology. In chemical-looping combustion (CLC) , oxygen is transferred from an air reactor to a fuel reactor by means of a solid oxygen carrier The CLC process can be configured as two coupled fluidized-bed boilers, but packed-bed configurations, with the possibility of pressurizing, are also being considered. To transfer oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel, oxygen carriers are used. This avoids direct contact between air and fuel, and, after condensation of water, relatively pure CO2 is obtained in a separate exhaust stream from the fuel reactor. Thus, energy-consuming flue-gas separation is avoided. A critical aspect of CLC processes is oxygen-carrier performance, which has a strong effect on the economic viability of the technology. Parameters such as particle size, density, porosity, strength, attrition resistance, reactivity, and conversion efficiency, along with environmental aspects and cost, define the performance of the oxygen carrier. Besides the conversion efficiency, the mechanical (crushing) strength of the particles is extremely important because it determines the resistance to attrition and hence the operational-use hours (lifetime) of the particles e relationship between attrition resistance and the crushing strength is not straightforward, yet a crushing strength greater than 1 N is considered to be a good indication for acceptable attrition resistance.
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| 5. |
- Snijkers, Franz, et al.
(författare)
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Upscaling chemical looping combustion for enhanced oil recovery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Society of Petroleum Engineers - SPE Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference 2017. - : SPE. ; 2017-January
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an innovative technology for heat production with inherent capture of carbon dioxide at minimal energy penalty. Its development is highly relevant since it addresses CO2 capture needed for closing the carbon loop as a contribution to mitigating climate change, one of the big challenges of today's society. In CLC, oxygen is transferred from an air reactor to a fuel reactor by means of a solid oxygen carrier. Thus avoiding direct contact between air and fuel, and after condensation of water, an undiluted CO2 exhaust stream is obtained. CO2 is more and more considered as a valuable chemical substance for enhanced oil/ gas recovery projects as well as for the production of chemicals, polymers or building materials. It can potentially be an option for several types EOR namely were miscible gases for injection are needed, for steam EOR and for CO2 EOR. Strategic to CLC technology is the oxygen carrier that is in the heart of the process. Parameters such as particle size and distribution, density, porosity, strength, attrition resistance, reactivity, environmental aspects and cost, define the performance of the oxygen carrier. The first generation oxygen carriers were Nibased. However, due to cost of nickel and toxicity, a search for Ni-free oxygen carriers was conducted with similar or superior performance in CLC. This has lead to the development of Mn-based oxygen carriers, that demonstrate the beneficial oxygen uncoupling effect, with complete fuel conversion as a result. In the EC 7FP project SUCCESS, a promising oxygen carrier based on perovskite calcium- manganite with good fluidisability, high sphericity and high attrition resistance, was upscaled to the industrial scale. In this contribution results are presented obtained with oxygen carriers that have been produced by the versatile and industrial scalable spray-drying technique. Results are discussed that have for the first time been obtained with an upscaled process. The oxygen carriers were fabricated with the industrial spray drying process for multi-Tonne scale production in order to accommodate for chemical looping plants of 10 MW and larger.
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