| 1. |
- Andersson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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RISE Policylabb – de första fem åren
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this report, we have compiled our learnings and experiences of working with Policy Lab. Policy Labs have come about as an answer to the question "Can you work with policy and regulatory development in a better way than today?". Our answer to the question is a yes. Our hope with the report is that others will become interested and start their own Policy Lab. Abroad, there are many Policy Labs, but in Sweden there are only a few, which is why we believe there is room for more. There is not a given way to work with Policy Labs once and for all, but each Policy Lab is unique based on its context. Sweden's innovation agency Vinnova defines Policy Labs as follows: "Policy Labs can be explained as a group of actors with different competencies who want to develop a regulatory framework. In the Policy Lab, they use a set of user-centric methods and competencies to test, experiment, and learn in policy development."1 In our Policy Lab, we have worked in various research projects to: 1. analyse challenges/problems that arise between innovations, technology, market, and regulations, 2. develop one or more workable solutions and 3. interact with relevant actors to determine the next steps. What distinguishes our Policy Lab is that we never “own” the issue or solution. We must therefore always work with other actors who can take the results further. Our goal is to enable and skill people. This means that for us it is important to work concretely with real problems and needs owners and preferably test different solutions. We focus on the here and now perspective and not on what the future will look like in 10 years. It is about taking the next step forward towards the future, not creating the best rule, but instead creating the next rule. We also work consistently agile and use design as a method for problem solving. This means that the way we organize our work in the Policy Lab is circular and not linear. When it comes to using design as a method for problem solving, we use the concepts of "design thinking" and "double diamond". For us, it is also important that the members of the Policy Lab have different backgrounds and skills depending on what is needed in the individual project....
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| 2. |
- Burden, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The role of policy labs for introducing autonomous vehicles
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explains the methodological approach of policy labs as used in applied research projects on autonomous vehicles in Sweden. While introducing new technologies we need to ensure that regulations and policies keep up with the fast-paced technological development. Policy labs is one way of managing the perceived conflict between technological innovation and existing regulations. Within a policy lab, a wide range of stakeholders gather to solve the bottlenecks for innovations together. We show through three different R&D projects how the policy lab approach can be applied and which results, improvements and challenges it revealed for introducing autonomous vehicles.
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| 3. |
- Lundahl, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens trafikregler : Trafikregler i den digitala tidsåldern
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av postrar från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transportsektorn blir alltmer uppkopplad, digitaliserad och automatiserad. Utvecklingen går snabbt och har potential att förbättra transportsystemet på flera sätt. För att möta utvecklingen behöver vi även en digital väginfrastruktur. En del i detta är maskinläsbara trafikregler.Hur kan vi säkerställa tillgång till tillförlitliga data om trafikregler för att stödja teknisk innovation som t.ex. automatiserad körning? Redan nu behövs detta för många tillämpningar såsom förarstöd (t.ex. ISA-system) och navigeringsverktyg. Projektet ”Framtidens trafikregler”, som drivits av RISE inom Drive Sweden Policy Lab, har utforskat trafikregler i den digitala tidsåldern och vad som behövs för att nå ett framtida system med maskinläsbara trafikregler i Sverige. Med utgångspunkt i nuvarande ordning för trafikreglering har vi undersökt hur förutsättningarna för förändring ser ut, hur det skulle tas emot av de som utfärdar trafikregler och av de som har nytta av informationen i maskinläsbart format.
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| 4. |
- Lundahl, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens trafikregler – Hur når vi dit?
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The traffic regulations of tomorrow Traffic regulations are traditionally analogue and paper-oriented. In the future, they need to be able to be interpreted by machines. How can we ensure exchange of reliable data on traffic regulations to support technological innovation such as advanced driver assist and autonomous driving technologies? In this report, we share our knowledge on digital traffic rules – what it is, why it matters and how we get there. The transport sector is becoming increasingly connected, digitalized, and automated. The development is taking place at a rapid pace and has the potential to improve the transport system in several areas (safety, efficiency, environmental impact and accessibility). To meet this development, we need to move towards a more digitalized road infrastructure. A digital representation of the road network is becoming increasingly important. One part of this is digital and machine-readable traffic rules. In a digital world we need data on traffic rules (what applies where). Road users, citizens, companies, and other actors in our society would benefit from such data (they get access to more and clearer regulations). Data on traffic rules also provides completely new opportunities, for example more dynamic traffic regulations, which can further contribute to positive effects for the transport system and for society. It is also a necessity for the implementa-tion of autonomous driving on public roads, since automated vehicles will need a reliable digital infrastructure. Drive Sweden Policy Lab (DSPL) targets specific cases in projects of the strategic innovation program Drive Sweden. The purpose is to explore how technology and service development relate to existing laws and regulations for new mobility services that are being developed, and to identify and overcome bottlenecks. DSPL was initiated in 2019 to support technology development projects within Drive Sweden’s portfolio that had encountered regulatory challenges. New cases (subprojects) have been added since. Project partners vary by case. The independent, state-owned research institute RISE is the coordinator. In this case (or subproject), we investigate the need for improved processes and possibly new regulations on how traffic rules are prepared, decided and published. We consider possible solutions and the consequences of different solutions. Many partners have participated in this work, and a large reference group with both private and public actors.
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| 5. |
- Sobiech, Cilli, et al.
(författare)
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An approach to link technical safety and policy aspects for system innovation in transport -The case of automated trucks
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an approach to better link legal and technical perspectives when investigating how to safely operate remote assisted vehicles in mixed traffic and higher velocities. This approach is applied to prepare for automated trucks in Gothenburg, Sweden. We argue that the challenges we see for the market introduction and sustainability of such vehicles require innovation from a system perspective. Such system innovation includes different dimensions: technology/products, policy/regulations, infrastructure, behavior/values as well as business models, whereas we focus mainly on the first two perspectives here. The proposed innovations support cross border integration for the more comprehensive market introduction of automated goods transport; the approach further includes the legal/policy framework in Sweden, France and the US.
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| 6. |
- Sobiech, Cilli, et al.
(författare)
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Independent assessment in trials with automated vehicles – Drive Sweden Policy Lab Case 6
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of case 6 of the Drive Sweden Policy Lab 2023-25 is to examine the scope of an independent assessment in trials with automated road vehicles. The Swedish Transport Agency's regulations and general advice on permission to conduct trials with automated vehicles have recently been amended by adding a general advice that the applicant´s risk assessment should in certain cases be supplemented with a statement from an independent assessor regarding traffic safety (TSFS 2021:4, last amended by TSFS 2022:82). The regulation enables trials with automated vehicles in Sweden since 2017 and clarifies the circumstances under which it is reasonable safe to conduct trials with such vehicles. In the beginning of 2023, a policy lab was initiated with Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Austrian actors, which acts as a platform for collaborative policy development by relevant actors facing a common policy related challenge. Vehicle manufacturers, transport providers and operators, authorities, potential assessors, and applied research examine together the scope of independent assessments for trials with automated vehicles. The policy lab generates guidelines for independent assessments by clarifying and exemplifying the application and scope of such assessments in trials with automated vehicles. The policy lab considers knowledge and previous experiences from other transport sectors, from various countries with independent assessment already in place and from relevant EU and UNECE regulations, such as the requirements of independent assessment for the international market e.g., for a type-approval in the EU (ADS compliance assessment) or the proposed process for audits from the working group Validation Methods for Automated Driving as part of WP29. Drive Sweden Policy Lab case 6 is partly financed by Sweden´s innovation agency Vinnova, through its strategic innovation program Drive Sweden, and partly by the project parties.
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| 7. |
- Sobiech, Cilli, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility hubs as a prerequisite for intermodality and sustainable transport solutions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of TRA2020 - 8th Transport Research Arena. - Helsinki : Traficom Research Report 7/2020. - 9789523114845
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobility hubs – intermodal transport stations – can meet current and future mobility demands and support the transition to a sustainable, low carbon transport system, based on a variety of mode choices. But despite being a key to intermodal travel, they have not developed as they could. A mobility hub framework proposed in this paper can help decision makers finding a solution that both meets user needs and increases the overall efficiency of transport systems. Together with two Swedish municipalities, a Swedish gas station operator and architect-engineers, exemplary sites were studied where mobility hubs could be located, and concepts were developed in order to prepare municipalities for the implementation of a mobility hub. Future adaptivity was taken into consideration for the concept development, in order to outline scalability and adaptivity to future needs and technologies reducing the risks for premature obsolescence.
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| 8. |
- Sobiech, Cilli, et al.
(författare)
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Möjligheter och hinder för användning av kameror i busstrafik
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Possibilities and obstacles for the use of cameras in bus traffic The purpose of this part of the Drive Sweden Policy Lab (DSPL) 2021/22 is to explore opportunities and challenges regarding camera surveillance to increase traffic safety and usage of data for a more sustainable, efficient and connected society. Overall aim of DSPL is to explore how technology and service development relate to the existing policies for future mobility services, to show the need for changes in regulations as well as to propose solutions. The project is partly financed by Sweden´s innovation agency Vinnova, through its strategic innovation program Drive Sweden, and partly by the project parties. Key questions in this part of the project are how to use data from cameras and other sensors collected by public transport, in particular which use cases can be applied and demonstrated already now and which areas have further potential? How do we manage risks to personal integrity and which partners need to be involved as well as how need policies and regulations be adapted to continue the technological development so that the use cases can become reality in the future? Within the framework of the subproject, use cases for outward-facing front cameras in buses and a permanently mounted traffic camera in Barkarby/Järfälla municipality are identified and demonstrated. Information from cameras and other sensors could be used for monitoring the traffic environment to support traffic management in increasing accessibility of public transport and safety today and for future autonomous operations. In workshops and interviews with the project we map opportunities and obstacles that exist for the use of cameras and other sensors in bus traffic. In summary, our subproject shows that existing legislation allows cameras within a narrow area of use for public transport, namely the situation when a private actor uses a camera where only aggregated anonymised data leaves the camera. To apply this on a larger scale, technology is not an obstacle to progress. Yet, what we need is to improve public acceptance for the technology, in particular a better understanding of the possibilities of new cameras and its ability to keep personal integrity intact, to establish business models and actor collaborations for usage of the data, as well as a legislation that opens up for more use cases and is faster when it comes to permission processes.
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| 9. |
- Sobiech, Cilli, et al.
(författare)
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Safety Case for Autonomous Trucks (SCAT)
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To aim for market introduction and sustainability of automated vehicles requires technology innovation towards safe products and policy innovation to enable testing on open roads and type approvals. Further, it needs an enabling infrastructure to provide reliable connectivity, business models and increased public acceptance of this new technology. The project SCAT – Safety Case for Autonomous Trucks contributed to this transmission by looking at new policy strategies and system tests to prove how to handle vehicles when introducing this new technology safely. Main objective of the project was to investigate more systematically – from a legal and technical perspective – how to safely operate remote controlled vehicles in mixed traffic and with higher velocity. A safety case for the selected traffic environment has been described and explorative tests have been performed at the AstaZero test site in Sweden. This allowed us to investigate limiting parameters and stress testing the system's boundaries under real conditions with higher velocity – before the actual demo will be run. With regards to policy, we addressed which obligations drivers and road users have according to today's regulations and which of those may need to be handled through technological development, but also through adaptation of legislation in terms of new roles, tasks, and liability when a vehicle is driven automatically. We looked also at if and how these issues are treated in national and international legislation, in Sweden, France and the USA. What we learned from exploring the safety case contributes to practical improvement, theory building and recommendations on how to safely operate the vehicles. Together the partners have developed an approach to advanced argumentation for safety. In our approach, we combined policy lab methodology and an investigation of the technical safety aspects that helped to identify gaps and tests for improved safety. The approach provides step-by-step guidance before future trials. The project was running from October 2020 until September 2022. The consortium consisted of the partners AstaZero, Einride, Ericsson, RISE (coordinator), Telia as well as reference partners in France and the USA.
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