| 1. |
- Belinskij, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Back Environmental Flows – The case of migratory fish and the lack of legal adaptivity in Finnish rivers.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Finnish Yearbook of International Law. - 0786-6453. ; X, s. 89-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering significant normative inputs stemming especially from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), the article discusses possible legal avenues for restoring ecological flows in the built Finnish rivers. We argue that the current obligations stemming from the Finnish Water Law – and their interpretation in relation to migratory fish – are outdated and even legally problematic. Overall, neither the Finnish legislature, nor the Finnish water administration have reacted quickly enough to the changes in circumstances caused by the development of EU law, the declining importance of hydropower for the Finnish energy policy, and the current knowledge of the ecological importance of migratory fish species for the river ecosystems. Despite this, we argue that the Finnish Water Law already contains some tools for reviewing fisheries regulations in existing water permits, but also legislative changes are required to implement and to enforce the obligations stemming from the WFD.
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| 2. |
- Belinskij, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Legal Resilience of Water, Food and Energy Security in Finland
- 2017
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Ingår i: Finnish Yearbook of Environmental Policy and Law. - 0786-6453. ; X, s. 275-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyse the extent to which the Finnish legal system supports the resilience of water, food- and energy security systems, and how the identified legal frameworks could be developed to better address the security concerns of these three sectors. Our analysis of regulatory resilience demonstrates that the Finnish security regulation functions reasonably well. First, the legal system recognises the main threats to water, food and energy security. Second, the regulatory system contains wide-ranging and integrated regulation of responses to various types of emergencies. Third, the times-scales from emergency response to long-term planning are addressed in law, although the heaviest regulatory focus is on the shorter time-span. There is an increasing number of legal instruments geared towards the long-term preparation and adaptation to security threats. Although the existing regulatory framework addresses important elements of resilience, some challenges remain.
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| 3. |
- Cosens, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Governing complexity : Integrating science, governance, and law to manage accelerating in the commons
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The speed and uncertainty of environmental change in the Anthropocene challenge the capacity of coevolving social-ecological-technological systems (SETs) to adapt or transform to these changes. Formal government and legal structures further constrain the adaptive capacity of our SETs. However, new, selforganized forms of adaptive governance are emerging at multiple scales in natural resource-based SETs. Adaptive governance involves the private and public sectors as well as formal and informal institutions, self-organized to fill governance gaps in the traditional roles of states. While new governance forms are emerging, they are not yet doing so rapidly enough to match the pace of environmental change. Furthermore, they do not yet possess the legitimacy or capacity needed to address disparities between the winners and losers from change. These emergent forms of adaptive governance appear to be particularly effective in managing complexity. We explore governance and SETs as coevolving complex systems, focusing on legal systems to understand the potential pathways and obstacles to equitable adaptation. We explore how governments may facilitate the emergence of adaptive governance and promote legitimacy in both the process of governance despite the involvement of nonstate actors, and its adherence to democratic values of equity and justice. To manage the contextual nature of the results of change in complex systems, we propose the establishment of long-term study initiatives for the coproduction of knowledge, to accelerate learning and synergize interactions between science and governance and to foster public science and epistemic communities dedicated to navigating transitions to more just, sustainable, and resilient futures.
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| 4. |
- Kyrönviita, Jonas, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving Blue Growth Post-Weser : a Study of Aquaculture Regulation in the Nordic Region
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law. - : Brill Nijhoff. - 1613-7272 .- 1876-0104. ; 18:3, s. 256-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how the conflict between the interests of protecting water quality in the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea from nutrient emissions on one hand, and supporting blue growth in the aquaculture sector on the other, has played out in the Nordic legal systems and industry practice. It does so by reviewing the legal and industrial developments in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and the Åland Islands with a focus on interpretation and application of the common EU regulatory framework, mainly the Water Framework Directive and the ecj Weser ruling, and the response from the aquaculture sector. The study shows that the four studied jurisdictions have taken disparate regulatory approaches in balancing ecological status of waters and blue growth. As a consequence of these legal developments, the aquaculture industry faces difficulty in attaining required permits for their operations in all four jurisdictions and significant uncertainty on how to develop the sector to meet the set growth objectives has arisen.
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| 5. |
- Martiskainen, Henna, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptomics and mechanistic elucidation of Alzheimer's disease risk genes in the brain and in vitro models
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 36:2, s. 1221e15-1221e28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we have assessed the expression and splicing status of genes involved in the pathogenesis or affecting the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the postmortem inferior temporal cortex samples obtained from 60 subjects with varying degree of AD-related neurofibrillary pathology. These subjects were grouped based on neurofibrillary pathology into 3 groups: Braak stages 0-II, Braak stages III-IV, and Braak stages V-VI. We also examined the right frontal cortical biopsies obtained during life from 22 patients with idiopathic shunt-responding normal pressure hydrocephalus, a disease that displays similar pathologic alterations as seen in AD. These 22 patients were categorized according to dichotomized amyloid-β positive or negative pathology in the biopsies. We observed that the expression of FRMD4A significantly decreased, and the expression of MS4A6A significantly increased in relation to increasing AD-related neurofibrillary pathology. Moreover, the expression of 2 exons in both CLU and TREM2 significantly increased with increase in AD-related neurofibrillary pathology. However, a similar trend toward increased expression in CLU and TREM2 was observed with most of the studied exons, suggesting a global change in the expression rather than altered splicing. Correlation of gene expression with well-established AD-related factors, such as α-, β-, and γ-secretase activities, brain amyloid-β42 levels, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, revealed a positive correlation between β-secretase activity and the expression of TREM2 and BIN1. In expression quantitative trait loci analysis, we did not detect significant effects of the risk alleles on gene expression or splicing. Analysis of the normal pressure hydrocephalus biopsies revealed no differences in the expression or splicing profiles of the studied genes between amyloid-β positive and negative patients. Using the protein-protein interaction-based in vitro pathway analysis tools, we found that downregulation of FRMD4A associated with increased APP-β-secretase interaction, increased amyloid-β40 secretion, and altered phosphorylation of tau. Taken together, our results suggest that the expression of FRMD4A, MS4A6A, CLU, and TREM2 is altered in relation to increasing AD-related neurofibrillary pathology, and that FRMD4A may play a role in amyloidogenic and tau-related pathways in AD. Therefore, investigation of gene expression changes in the brain and effects of the identified genes on disease-associated pathways in vitro may provide mechanistic insights on how alterations in these genes may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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| 6. |
- McPhearson, Timon, et al.
(författare)
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Radical changes are needed for transformations to a good Anthropocene
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2661-8001. ; 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scale, pace, and intensity of human activity on the planet demands radical departures from the status quo to remain within planetary boundaries and achieve sustainability. The steering arms of society including embedded financial, legal, political, and governance systems must be radically realigned and recognize the connectivity among social, ecological, and technological domains of urban systems to deliver more just, equitable, sustainable, and resilient futures. We present five key principles requiring fundamental cognitive, behavioral, and cultural shifts including rethinking growth, rethinking efficiency, rethinking the state, rethinking the commons, and rethinking justice needed together to radically transform neighborhoods, cities, and regions.
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| 7. |
- Soininen, Niko, et al.
(författare)
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Bridge over troubled water : Managing compatibility and conflict among thought collectives in sustainability science
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4057 .- 1862-4065. ; 17:1, s. 27-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability transformations call forth new forms and systems of knowledge across society. However, few tools and processes exist for promoting dialogue among different interests and normative stances in knowledge co-creation. In this article, we build on the notion of thought collectives to argue that understanding and moderating normative tensions are necessary if sustainability science is to provide successful solutions. Drawing on an analysis of the normative tensions between rival high-tech and low-tech thought collectives in the mobility and food production sectors, we discuss three strategic approaches: applying common evaluative frameworks, building contextual convergence and embracing complexity. We argue that these strategies indicate a need to distinguish different kinds of reflexivity in managing tensions among thought collectives. As a practical conclusion, we establish sets of reflexive questions to help sustainability scientists deploy the knowledge management strategies discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific models in legal judgements : The relationship between law and environmental science as problem-feeding
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011. ; 124, s. 478-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal decision-making often relies on scientific knowledge and information of other kinds, not least in environmental law where legal institutions use environmental modeling to, for example, project expected effects of projects when approving or denying permits. In this paper, using the problem-feeding model of interdisciplinarity, we analyze this relationship as an exchange of problems and solutions between different communities of expertise. Drawing on recent examples from Finland, we use the problem-feeding model to explore the conditions under which problem-solution coordination breaks down. We argue that tensions between the notions of uncertainty used by the different communities of expertise can lead to differing understandings of the way the relationship between legal institutions and scientific experts works, and that this may disrupt the orderly exchange of problems and solutions. We illustrate our views in a fictional discussion between a lawyer and a modeler.
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