| 1. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
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Improving dialogue among researchers, local and indigenous peoples and decision-makers to address issues of climate change in the North
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447. ; 49:6, s. 1161-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency of extreme events. Understanding and adapting to both types of changes are important to local and indigenous peoples in the Arctic and for the wider global community due to transboundary connectivity. As local and indigenous peoples, decision-makers and scientists perceive changes and impacts differently and often fail to communicate efficiently to respond to changes adequately, we convened a meeting of the three groups in Salekhard in 2017. The outcomes of the meeting include perceptions of how the three groups each perceive the main issues affecting health and well-being and recommendations for working together better.
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| 2. |
- Knape, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate state space modelling of bird migration count data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental and Ecological Statistics. - Berlin : Springer. - 1352-8505 .- 1573-3009. ; 3:1, s. 59-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyse 54 year long time series data on the numbers of common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), common whitethroat (Sylvia communis), garden warbler (Sylvia borin) and lesser whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) trapped in spring and autumn at Ottenby Bird Observatory, Sweden. The Ottenby time series could potentially serve as a reference on how much information on population change is available in count data on migrating birds. To investigate this, we combine spring and autumn data in a Bayesian state-space model trying to separate demographic signals and observation noise. The spring data are assumed to be a measure of the breeding population size, whereas the autumn data measure the population size after reproduction. At the demographic level we include seasonal density dependence and model winter dynamics as a function of precipitation in the Sahel region, south of the Sahara desert, where these species are known to spend the winter. Results show that the large fluctuations in the data restrict what conclusions can be drawn about the dynamics of the species. Annual catches are highly correlated between species and we show that a likely explanation for this is that trapping numbers are strongly dependent on local weather conditions. A comparative analysis of a related data set from the Courish Spit, Russia, gives rather different dynamics which may be caused by low information in the two data sets, but also by distinct populations passing Ottenby and the Courish Spit. This highlights the difficulty of validating results of the analyses when abundance indices derived by other methods or from other populations do not agree.
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| 3. |
- Lehikoinen, Aleksi, et al.
(författare)
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Phenology of the avian spring migratory passage in Europe and North America : Asymmetric advancement in time and increase in duration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 101, s. 985-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has been shown to shift the seasonal timing (i.e. phenology) and distribution of species. The phenological effects of climate change on living organisms have often been tested using first occurrence dates, which may be uninformative and biased. More rarely investigated is how different phases of a phenological sequence (e.g. beginning, central tendency and end) or its duration have changed over time. This type of analysis requires continuous observation throughout the phenological event over multiple years, and such data sets are rare. In this study we examined the impact of temperature on long-term change of passage timing and duration of the spring migration period in birds, and which species' traits explain species-specific variation. Data used covered 195 species from 21 European and Canadian bird observatories from which systematic daily sampling protocols were available. Migration dates were negatively associated with early spring temperature and timings had in general advanced in 57 years. Short-distance migrants advanced the beginning of their migration more than long-distance migrants when corrected for phylogenic relatedness, but such a difference was not found in other phases of migration. The advancement of migration has generally been greater for the beginning and median phases of migration relative to the end, leading to extended spring migration seasons. Duration of the migration season increased with increasing temperature. Phenological changes have also been less noticeable in Canada even when corrected for rate of change in temperature. To visualize long-term changes in phenology, we constructed the first multi-species spring migration phenology indicator to describe general changes in median migration dates in the northern hemisphere. The indicator showed an average advancement of one week during five decades across the continents (period 1959-2015). The indicator is easy to update with new data and we therefore encourage future research to investigate whether the trend towards longer periods of occurrence or emergence in spring is also evident in other migratory populations. Such phenological changes may influence detectability in monitoring schemes, and may have broader implications on population and community dynamics.
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| 4. |
- Sirkiä, Päivi M., et al.
(författare)
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Fecundity selection does not vary along a large geographical cline of trait means in a passerine bird
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066. ; 114:4, s. 808-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local environmental and ecological conditions are commonly expected to result in local adaptation, although there are few examples of variation in phenotypic selection across continent-wide spatial scales. We collected standardized data on selection with respect to the highly variable plumage coloration of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleucaPall.) males from 17 populations across the species' breeding range. The observed selection on multiple male coloration traits via the annual number of fledged young was generally relatively weak. The main aim of the present study, however, was to examine whether the current directional selection estimates are associated with distance to the sympatric area with the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollisTemminck), a sister species with which the pied flycatcher is showing character displacement. This pattern was expected because plumage traits in male pied flycatchers are changing with the distance to these areas of sympatry. However, we did not find such a pattern in current selection on coloration. There were no associations between current directional selection on ornamentation and latitude or longitude either. Interestingly, current selection on coloration traits was not associated with the observed mean plumage traits of the populations. Thus, there do not appear to be geographical gradients in current directional fecundity selection on male plumage ornamentation. The results of the present study do not support the idea that constant patterns in directional fecundity selection would play a major role in the maintenance of coloration among populations in this species. By contrast, the tendency for relatively weak mosaic-like variation in selection among populations could reflect just a snapshot of temporally variable, potentially environment-dependent, selection, as suggested by other studies in this system. Such fine-grained variable selection coupled with gene flow could maintain extensive phenotypic variation across populations.(c) 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 114, 808-827.
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