| 1. |
- Karl, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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The Cross-cultural Validity of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Across 16 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mindfulness. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 11, s. 1226-1237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The goal of the current study was to investigate the universality of the five-factor model of mindfulness and the measurement equivalence of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Methods The study used FFMQ data from published and unpublished research conducted in 16 countries (total N = 8541). Using CFA, different models, proposed in the literature, were fitted. To test the cross-cultural equivalence of the best fitting model, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was used. Further, the equivalence of individual facets of the FFMQ and potential sources of non-equivalence was explored. Results The best fitting models in most samples were a five-facet model with a higher-order mindfulness factor and uncorrelated positive and negative item-wording factors and a five-facet model with a correlated facets and uncorrelated positive and negative item-wording factors. These models showed structural equivalence, but did not show metric equivalence (equivalent factor loadings) across cultures. Given this lack of equivalent factor loadings, not even correlations or mean patterns can be compared across cultures. A similar pattern was observed when testing the equivalence of the individual facets; all individual facets failed even tests of metric equivalence. A sample size weighted exploratory factor analysis across cultures indicated that a six-factor solution might provide the best fit across cultures with acting with awareness split into two factors. Finally, both the five- and six-factor solution showed substantially better fit in more individualistic and less tight cultures. Conclusions Overall, the FFMQ has conceptual and measurement problems in a cross-cultural context, raising questions about the validity of the current conceptualization of mindfulness across cultures. The results showed that the fit of the FFMQ was substantially better in individualistic cultures that indicate that further data from non-Western cultures is needed to develop a universal conceptualization and measurement of mindfulness.
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| 2. |
- Birks, H.H., et al.
(författare)
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The Kråkenes Late-glacial Palaeoenvironmental Project.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 15:3, s. 281-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Krakenes is the site of a small lake on the west coast of Norway that contains a long sequence of late-glacial sediments. The Younger Dryas is well represented, as a cirque glacier developed in the catchment at this time. This site offers unique opportunities to reconstruct late-glacial environments from independent sources of evidence; physical evidence (glacial geomorphology, sedimentology, palaeomagnetism, radiocarbon dating), and biological evidence from the remains of animals and plants derived from both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This report describes the background to the site, and the international multidisciplinary project to reconstruct late-glacial and early Holocene environmental and climatic changes at Krakenes.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Decreased atrioventricular plane displacement after acute myocardial infarction yields a concomitant decrease in stroke volume
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 128:2, s. 252-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can progress to heart failure, which has a poor prognosis. Normally, 60% of stroke volume (SV) is attributed to the longitudinal ventricular shortening and lengthening evident in the atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) during the cardiac cycle, but there is no information on how the relationship changes between SV and AVPD before and after AMI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine how SV depends on AVPD before and after AMI in two swine models. Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was carried out before and 1-2 h after AMI in a microembolization model (n = 12) and an ischemia-reperfusion model (n = 14). A subset of pigs (n = 7) were additionally imaged at 24 h and at 7 days. Cine and late gadolinium enhancement images were analyzed for cardiac function, AVPD measurements and infarct size estimation, respectively. AVPD decreased (P < 0.05) in all myocardial regions after AMI, with a concomitant SV decrease (P < 0.001). The ischemia-reperfusion model affected SV to a higher degree and had a larger AVPD decrease than the microembolization model (-29 ± 14% vs. -15 ± 18%; P < 0.05). Wall thickening decreased in infarcted areas (P < 0.001), and A-wave AVPD remained unchanged (P = 0.93) whereas E-wave AVPD decreased (P < 0.001) after AMI. We conclude that AVPD is coupled to SV independent of infarct type but likely to a greater degree in ischemia-reperfusion infarcts compared with microembolization infarcts. AMI reduces diastolic early filling AVPD but not AVPD from atrial contraction. These findings shed light on the physiological significance of atrioventricular plane motion when assessing acute and subacute myocardial infarction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The link between cardiac longitudinal motion, measured as atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD), and stroke volume (SV) is investigated in swine after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This cardiac magnetic resonance study demonstrates a close coupling between AVPD and SV before and after AMI in an experimental setting and demonstrates that this connection is present in ischemia-reperfusion and microembolization infarcts, acutely and during the first week. Furthermore, AVPD is equally and persistently depressed in infarcted and remote myocardium after AMI.
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| 5. |
- Birks, H.H., et al.
(författare)
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The development of the aquatic ecosytem at Kråkenes Lake, western Norway, during the late glacial and early Holocene - a synthesis.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 23:1, s. 91-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper synthesises the palaeoecological reconstructions, including palaeoclimatic inferences, based on the available fossil record of plants (pollen, macrofossils, mosses, diatoms) and animals (chironomids, Cladocera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, oribatid mites) in the late-glacial and early-Holocene sediments of Kråkenes Lake, western Norway, with special emphasis on changes in the aquatic ecosystem. New percentage and influx pollen diagrams for selected taxa provide insights into the terrestrial setting. The information from all the proxies is collated in a stratigraphical chart, and the inferred changes in the lake and its catchment are discussed. The individual fossil sequences are summarised by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and sample scores on the first DCA axes are plotted against an estimated calendar-year timescale for comparison of the timing and magnitude of changes in assemblage composition. The DCA plots show that the large late-glacial biotic changes were synchronous, and were driven by the overriding forcing factor of temperature. During the early Holocene, however, the changes in different groups were more gradual and were independent of each other, showing that other factors were important and interactive, such as the inwash of dissolved and particulate material from the catchment, the base and nutrient status of the lake-water, and the internal processes of ecosystem succession and sediment accumulation. This multi-disciplinary study, with proxies for changes in the lake and in the catchment, highlights the dependence of lake biota and processes not only on regional climatic changes but also on changes in the lake catchment and on internal processes within the lake. Rates of change for each group are also estimated and compared. The reaction times to the sharp temperature changes at the start and end of the Younger Dryas were very rapid and occurred within a decade of the temperature change. Aquatic organisms tracked the temperature and environmental changes very closely, and are probably the best recorders of late-glacial climatic change in the fossil record.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Birks, HH, et al.
(författare)
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The Krakenes late-glacial palaeoenvironmental project
- 1996
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. ; 15:3
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Krakenes is the site of a small lake on the west coast of Norway that contains a long sequence of late-glacial sediments. The Younger Dryas is well represented, as a cirque glacier developed in the catchment at this time. This site offers unique opportuni
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| 8. |
- Kvale, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of D-Cycloserine on the Effect of Concentrated Exposure and Response Prevention in Difficult-to-Treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 3:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Evidence is lacking for viable treatment options for patients with difficult-to-treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It has been suggested that D-cycloserine (DCS) could potentiate the effect of exposure and response prevention (ERP) treatment, but the hypothesis has not been tested among patients with difficult-to-treat OCD.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether DCS potentiates the effect of concentrated ERP among patients with difficult-to-treat OCD.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study was a randomized placebo-controlled triple-masked study with a 12-month follow-up. Participants were adult outpatients with difficult-to-treat OCD. A total of 220 potential participants were referred, of whom 36 did not meet inclusion criteria and 21 declined to participate. Patients had either relapsed after (n = 100) or not responded to (n = 63) previous ERP treatment. A total of 9 specialized OCD teams within the public health care system in Norway participated, giving national coverage. An expert team of therapists from the coordinating site delivered treatment. Inclusion of patients started in January 2016 and ended in August 2017. Data analysis was conducted February to September 2019.INTERVENTIONS: All patients received individual, concentrated ERP treatment delivered during 4 consecutive days in a group setting (the Bergen 4-day treatment format) combined with 100 mg DCS, 250 mg DCS, or placebo.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Change in symptoms of OCD and change in diagnostic status. Secondary outcomes measures included self-reported symptoms of OCD, anxiety, depression, and quality of life.RESULTS: The total sample of 163 patients had a mean (SD) age of 34.5 (10.9) years, and most were women (117 [71.8%]). They had experienced OCD for a mean (SD) of 16.2 (10.2) years. A total of 65 patients (39.9%) were randomized to receive 100 mg DCS, 67 (41.1%) to 250 mg of DCS, and 31 (19.0%) to placebo. Overall, 91 (56.5%) achieved remission at posttreatment, while 70 (47.9%) did so at the 12-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in remission rates among groups. There was a significant reduction in symptoms at 12 months, and within-group effect sizes ranged from 3.01 (95% CI, 2.38-3.63) for the group receiving 250 mg DCS to 3.49 (95% CI, 2.78-4.18) for the group receiving 100 mg DCS (all P < .001). However, there was no significant effect of treatment group compared with placebo in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (250 mg group at posttreatment: d = 0.33; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.76; 100 mg group at posttreatment: d = 0.36; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.79), symptoms of depression and anxiety (eg, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score among 250 mg group at 12-month follow-up: d = 0.30; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.76; Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score among 100 mg group at 12-month follow-up: d = 0.27; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.73), and well-being (250 mg group: d = 0.10; 95% CI, -0.42 to 0.63; 100 mg group: d = 0.34; 95% CI, -0.19 to 0.86). No serious adverse effects were reported.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, DCS did not potentiate ERP treatment effect, but concentrated ERP treatment was associated with improvement. This randomized clinical trial evaluates whether D-cycloserine potentiates the effect of concentrated exposure and response prevention among patients with difficult-to-treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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| 9. |
- Vagianos, C, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative collection of shed blood with citrated compresses for autotransfusion. An experimental study in pigs
- 1990
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Ingår i: Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. - 0001-5482. ; 156:2, s. 121-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six pigs were used to study whether the collection of shed blood by means of surgical compresses instead of suction traumatizes such blood. In an in vivo part of the study, the whole blood volume of the pigs was retransfused after treatment with citrated compresses, and in an in vitro part the blood was treated extensively with compresses and analyzed. All animals survived, with a minor fall in hemoglobin after 48 hours and a rise in serum citrate concentration at the end of the experiment. A study of the coagulation system revealed no important change after retransfusion of compress-treated blood. In the in vitro part of the study, repeatedly squeezing blood from the compresses increased the concentration of free hemoglobin to a maximum of 5 g/l after ten squeezes, whereas platelets were numerically unchanged. The study indicates that collecting shed blood by means of surgical compresses may be a safe and efficient method.
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