| 1. |
- Naserentin, Vasilis, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Open Source and Commercial Tools in Digital Twin for Cities Generation
- 2022
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963 .- 2405-8963. ; 55:11, s. 185-189
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidently, Smart Cities are on the rise and there is an increasing need for digital twins of these complex environments and their corresponding 3D models. The creation and maintenance of such twins is a time consuming task, since cities are living evolving organisms. In this paper we are presenting work done within the Digital Twin Cities Centre (DTCC) in Sweden in the field of automated 3D city model generation. We showcase a novel method of combining open source and commercial software for creating digital twins of any urban context in a procedural way from raw input data and using Unreal Engine as a visualization front-end. We combine two different workflows, one based on the commercial software suite Feature Manipulation Engine and in parallel we utilize the open source code developed within the Centre, dubbed DTCC Builder. The assets created can be used in urban planning, multiphysics continuum mechanics simulations and for visualization and illustration on a 3D scale. By using, in a complementary way, established commercial software and state of the art open source C++ code we manage to utilize the quality of life features the first provides, while assigning the demanding tasks of comforming mesh generation to the former. The longer term goal is (nearly) real-time mesh digital twinning of any city and user interaction with the 3D assets provided. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors.
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| 2. |
- Somanath, Sanjay, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Urban Digital Twins: A Workflow for Procedural Visualization Using Geospatial Data
- 2024
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - 2072-4292. ; 16:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key feature for urban digital twins (DTs) is an automatically generated detailed 3D representation of the built and unbuilt environment from aerial imagery, footprints, LiDAR, or a fusion of these. Such 3D models have applications in architecture, civil engineering, urban planning, construction, real estate, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and many other areas. While the visualization of large-scale data in conjunction with the generated 3D models is often a recurring and resource-intensive task, an automated workflow is complex, requiring many steps to achieve a high-quality visualization. Methods for building reconstruction approaches have come a long way, from previously manual approaches to semi-automatic or automatic approaches. This paper aims to complement existing methods of 3D building generation. First, we present a literature review covering different options for procedural context generation and visualization methods, focusing on workflows and data pipelines. Next, we present a semi-automated workflow that extends the building reconstruction pipeline to include procedural context generation using Python and Unreal Engine. Finally, we propose a workflow for integrating various types of large-scale urban analysis data for visualization. We conclude with a series of challenges faced in achieving such pipelines and the limitations of the current approach. However, the steps for a complete, end-to-end solution involve further developing robust systems for building detection, rooftop recognition, and geometry generation and importing and visualizing data in the same 3D environment, highlighting a need for further research and development in this field.
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| 3. |
- Boyukliyski, Stoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of social facilities coverage: A case study of Sofia city
- 2022
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 55:11, s. 48-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to aid the decision making process related to the provision of public services as to maximize the benefits for society, it is crucial to evaluate the current social facilities demand in terms of spatial distribution and access. The paper aims to solve this problem by proposing a method for automated assessment of the coverage of public services within an urban region using a capacitated graph. The methodology abstracts residential buildings into demand nodes and public service buildings into supply nodes within a graph and then uses shortest distance calculations in order to balance the two, while prioritizing residential buildings based on distance. The paper is focused on creating a general pipeline that can be used on any type of public services, as long as a certain geospatial and demographic data are available. The method is described without referencing specific tools, but focusing on the general procedure. The procedure is then applied to the whole city of Sofa, focusing on assessing the coverage of kindergartens using the 15 minutes walking distance, followed by a brief discussion of results.
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez Caceres, Alex Arnoldo, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Application and validation of a method to assess the energy reduction and environmental impact of renovation alternatives
- 2023
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1196:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The renovation of residential stock is one of the most promising areas, in terms of energy reduction, because these buildings are highly inefficient and represent the largest part of the building stock. However, the environmental impact assessment over the life cycle of building renovation is rare. It is more common to develop an assessment for new buildings. This study presents a method that combines the evaluation of the benefits of renovating residential buildings, considering cost, energy and environmental benefits using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The method is based on 3 stages of development. First, the database of energy certificates, costs and LCA was analysed. The second step is to develop a workflow in Rhino/Grasshopper/E-Plus to automatically model a residential building and feed the simulation model with the data obtained from the databases. Finally, a simulation campaign was carried out to obtain an optimal renovation package, minimising energy consumption and environmental impact. The research was carried out in a case study in Uddevalla, Sweden. The residential building has different measurements including energy consumption data before and after renovation. This was used to validate the proposed methodology. The validation shows that accurate results are achievable with potential for mass application.
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| 5. |
- Gonzalez Caceres, Alex Arnoldo, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Towards digital twinning for multi-domain simulation workflows in urban design: a case study in Gothenburg
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Performance Simulation. - 1940-1493 .- 1940-1507. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work proposes an automated workflow using digital twinning for multi-domain environmental performance analysis of urban developments. Digital twins can potentially provide a common basis for multi-domain simulations and help overcome data availability and interoperability issues. The proposed workflow consists of five steps: (1) creating a procedural urban 3D model, (2) generating design alternatives parametrically, (3) exporting the context and each design alternative to each simulation tool, (4) running simulations for wind comfort, energy demand, and noise for each design alternative, and (5) combining and visualizing the simulation results using the digital twin. The workflow was applied to a neighbourhood in Sweden, the resultsreveal significant reduction in manual work when applying multiple simulation software for different domains. This is one step forward in streamlining the workflow for urban analysis, crucial for multi-domain optimization. In the future, further domains and simulation tools can be added to the workflow.
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| 6. |
- Ho, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Sentiment and semantic analysis: Urban quality inference using machine learning algorithms
- 2024
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Ingår i: iScience. - 2589-0042. ; 27:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable urban transformation requires comprehensive knowledge about the built environment, including people's perceptions, use of sites, and wishes. Qualitative interviews are conducted to understand better people's opinions about a specific topic or location. This study explores the automatization of the interview coding process by investigating how state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques classify sentiment and semantic orientation from interviews transcribed in Swedish. For the sentiment analysis, the Swedish bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model KB-BERT was used to perform a multi-class classification task on a text sentence level into three different classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Named entity recognition (NER) and string search were used for the semantic analysis to perform multi-label classification to match domain-related topics to the sentence. The models were trained and evaluated on partially annotated datasets. The results demonstrate that the implemented deep learning techniques are a possible and promising solution to achieve the stated goal.
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| 7. |
- Somanath, Sanjay, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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A user interaction model for digital tools to support socially sustainable neighbourhood planning
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most digital tools developed for architects and urban planners cater to the environmental and economic dimensions of SD, leaving out the social dimension. SoSu as a dimension of SD lacks the analytical ability available to the economic and environmental dimensions in addressing the environmental and economic impacts of design decisions enabling a shorter feedback loop in the early design stage. In this paper, we implement a seven-step conceptual analysis methodology framework to explore (a) – the theoretical background of SoSu and (b) – to develop a user interaction model that can serve as a blueprint to develop digital tools to promote SoSu in the early stages of neighbourhood design. The theoretical background is developed in the first three steps – Mapping selected data sources, extensive reading and categorising selected data, and identifying and naming concepts. The model development further builds on the results of part (a) and involves deconstructing and categorising the concepts, integrating concepts and synthesis and re-synthesis of the concept. Finally, the seventh step consists of validating the conceptual framework through public discussion. We identify architects and urban planners as the target user group and the neighbourhood scale to apply SoSu concepts in the built environment and propose pre-requisites following a four-step user interaction model to develop digital tools to promote SoSu.
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| 8. |
- Somanath, Sanjay, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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AI-baserad segementering av fasader för att optimera renovering i en större skala
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X. ; 2021:2, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan vi på ett automatiskt sätt skapa mer detaljerade 3D modeller av byggnader i digitala tvillingar och förbättra indata för att beräkna energibesparingspotentialer i befintliga byggnader? I en pilotstudie har vi undersökt hur maskininlärning kan användas för att extrahera information om fönstersättning och storlek i befintliga byggnader. Vi har utvecklat en modell som har “tränats” att känna igen och segmenterar fönster från bilder med byggnadsfasader och på så sätt skapa digitala och mer detaljerade data för befintliga byggnader. Vårt långsiktiga mål är att utveckla en helautomatisk metod för analyser av renoveringspotentialer för byggnader och fastighetsportföljer.
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| 9. |
- Somanath, Sanjay, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Sustainability Policy – Evaluating Social Consequences of Carbon Targets using Trip Completion Rates
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1078:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability is widely recognised as having social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Strategies to combat global climate change inherently have an environmental focus. However, in line with the sustainability agenda, the social and economic dimensions must also be addressed. Evaluating the social consequences of decisions is often challenging due to a lack of relevant tools and indicators to measure and track them. This paper presents the Trip Completion Rate (TCR) as an indicator currently under development to evaluate the social consequences of climate change policies such as Personal Carbon Allowances (PCA). TCR is an accessibility indicator that evaluates the proportion of a population that can perform their daily activities against a performance metric. Two examples demonstrate the sensitivity of social impacts based on the geographic and demographic variations in different locations, one at the region level and another at the municipal level, through a national household travel survey (NHTS). The Västra Götaland region of Sweden is taken as a test case to illustrate how the indicator may be used, comparing TCR on the entire region and then comparing it to TCRs calculated at the municipal level. The greenhouse gas emissions of the trips are calculated based on assumptions for different modes of transport. Finally, the results are evaluated against a hypothetical PCA based on the climate goals for the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The results show that the ability to satisfy one's daily travel needs depends on individual characteristics such as behavioural patterns of travel, travel mode choices and access to local amenities. We find that PCAs may disproportionately affect certain groups more than others. Policymakers must understand who is most affected by sustainability targets to ensure that disproportionately affected groups have an equal opportunity to achieve their daily needs and that adequate measures are taken to mitigate the local policy effects on social equity.
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| 10. |
- Somanath, Sanjay, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The relation between social life cycle assessment and green building certification systems
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research investigates methodologies of Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and Green Building Certification Systems (GBCS) along with the European standard EN 16309 for social performance assessment for buildings. We follow a two-step approach of first reviewing methods used to perform an S-LCA in the literature and then comparing the methods to GBCS and EN 16309 regarding their coverage of S-LCA subcategories. Two fundamental differences lie in the targeted life cycle stages and stakeholders. UNEP/SETAC guidelines for S-LCA tend to be dominant in the “production” stage, whereas, GBCS and EN 16309 focus predominantly on the “use” stage of the lifecycle. GBCS and EN 16309 methodologies focus on the “consumer” (building occupant) and “local community” stakeholders. Extending the scope of the rating systems across more stakeholders and life cycle stages to include S-LCA subcategories could lead to greater awareness and application of the S-LCA concept in the building and construction sector.
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