| 1. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s testimony and the emotional victim effect
- 2015
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Ingår i: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 20:2, s. 365-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of (1) child victims’ emotional expression during testimony and (2) the camera perspective used to record the testimony, on judgements of credibility. Methods. Law students (N = 155 in Experiment 1; N = 86 in Experiment 2) watched a child harassment complainant provide a statement in an emotional or neutral manner, presented using different camera perspectives: balanced focus (i.e., a shot portraying an equal focus on the child complainant and the interviewer) versus picture-in-picture (PiP; i.e., a shot portraying only the child with an inset window depicting both the child and the interviewer in the corner of the screen) in Experiment 1 and PiP versus child focus (i.e., a shot depicting only the child) in Experiment 2. Results. Although no effect was found for camera perspective, the results provide support for an emotional victim effect (EVE); the child was perceived as more credible and truthful when communicating the statement in an emotional (vs. neutral) manner. Moreover, the results provide corroborating evidence for the assumption that the EVE rests on both cognitive (expectancy confirmation) and affective (compassion) mechanisms. Conclusions. These findings extend previous research by showing that the EVE and its underlying mechanisms apply to judgements of child complainants in the context of non sexual crimes and appear to be robust against variations of camera perspectives. Legal implications are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Credibility judgments in context: effects of emotional expression, presentation mode, and statement consistency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 25:3, s. 279-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examined the effects of complainant emotionality, presentation mode, and statement consistency on credibility judgments in an intimate partner abuse case. Male and female police trainees (N=172) assessed the credibility of a domestic abuse complainant who appeared either live or on video, and behaved in an emotional (displaying sadness and distress) or a neutral manner. In addition, the consistency of the statement with other evidence was manipulated. Live (vs. video) and consistent (vs. inconsistent) statements were perceived as more credible, and the presentation mode effect was mediated by participants’ felt compassion and approach/avoidance tendencies toward the complainant. As predicted, emotional (vs. neutral) demeanor increased perceived credibility through its effect on expectancy confirmation, but this effect appears to have been masked by other mechanisms (compassion and approach/avoidance) operating in the opposite direction. These findings highlight the need to consider multiple, sometimes conflicting, mechanisms underlying extra-legal influences on credibility judgments. Legal implications are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Credibility Judgments in Context: Effects of Emotional Expression, Presentation Mode, and Testimonial Consistency
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 10th meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway, November 7-8, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this study, we examined the effects of complainant emotionality, presentation mode, and testimonial consistency on credibility judgments in an intimate partner abuse case. Police trainees (N = 172) assessed the credibility of a complainant who appeared either live or on video, and behaved in an emotional or a neutral manner. In addition, the consistency of the testimony with other evidence was manipulated. Results showed that live (vs. video) and consistent (vs. inconsistent) testimonies were perceived as more credible, and that the presentation mode effect was mediated by participants’ felt compassion and approach/avoidance tendencies toward the complainant. As predicted, emotional (vs. neutral) demeanor increased perceived credibility through its effect on expectancy confirmation, but this effect was masked by mechanisms operating in the opposite direction. These findings highlight the need to consider multiple, sometimes conflicting, mechanisms underlying extra-legal influences on credibility judgments. Legal and policy implications are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The emotional male victim: Effects of presentation mode on judged credibility
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 56:1, s. 99-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emotional victim effect (EVE, i.e., that the emotionality of a victim's demeanor affects perceived credibility) is a robust research finding for female victims of rape but much less explored for other types of victims and crimes. In this article, we investigate the EVE with a male assault complainant. In addition, we vary the presentation mode via which the complainant is shown to the assessors. A sample of law students (N = 81) participated in an experiment where they viewed and assessed credibility of a male complainant who appeared either live or on video. The complainant behaved either in an emotional or a neutral manner. Result showed that the presentation mode but not the EVE affected the assessors' credibility assessments: The complainant was perceived as more truthful when communicating live, as opposed to via video. Practical implications, as well as the generality of the EVE, are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Landström, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Why Presentation Mode Matters: Affective and Motivational Mechanisms Mediate the Presentation Mode Effect
- 2014
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Ingår i: The 7th annual conference of the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG). Lausanne, Switzerland, 4-6 June 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research has shown that extra-legal factors, such as the emotional display of a complainant and the presentation mode via which the testimony is communicated affect observers’ credibility assessments. In this article, we explore the effects of victim emotionality, presentation mode and variations in testimonial consistency on credibility judgments of an intimate partner abuse complainant. Police Academy students (n = 172) participated in an experiment where they assessed credibility of the complainant, who appeared either live or on video, behaving in either an emotional or a neutral manner. In addition, the consistency of the testimony was manipulated. Affective and motivational mediators of the effects of presentation mode on credibility judgments were also explored. Results showed that credibility judgments were affected by presentation mode and testimonial consistency, but not by emotional demeanor. Affective and motivational mechanisms mediated the effect of presentation mode. Theoretical and legal implications are discussed.
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