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- Shupe, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the MOSAiC expedition : Atmosphere
- 2022
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Ingår i: Elementa. - : University of California Press. - 2325-1026. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
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| 3. |
- Sommerfeld, D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Pain following stroke, initially and at 3 and 18 months after stroke, and its association with other disabilities
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 19:10, s. 1325-1330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose A general hypothesis is that pain following stroke (PFS) causes disabilities. However, the clinical implication of PFS on other disabilities after stroke and vice versa has not been fully investigated. The aims of this observational study were to analyze the correlation between PFS and other disabilities at different time points after stroke, whether PFS can be a predictor of coming disabilities and whether other disabilities can be predictors of coming PFS. Methods Patients with a first-ever stroke were assessed initially (n similar to=similar to 109), and at 3 (n similar to=similar to 95) and 18 months (n similar to=similar to 66) after stroke for PFS, mobility, self-care as well as touch, proprioceptive, muscle tone, and movement functions. Results PFS was correlated to impaired upper extremity movement function on all occasions, while the correlations between PFS and other disabilities varied across the three occasions. Initial PFS and PFS at 3 similar to months did not independently predict coming disabilities. Initial mobility limitation independently predicted PFS at 3 similar to months and impaired touch function, initially and at 3 similar to months, independently predicted PFS at 18 similar to months. No other disabilities independently predicted coming PFS. Conclusions The present results do not support the hypothesis that PFS causes other disabilities. Our results indicate that PFS is correlated to other disabilities; however, no ultimate conclusions can be drawn on causality. PFS was not a predictor of coming disabilities, while some disabilities were predictors of coming PFS.
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| 4. |
- Wai, K. T., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating dengue vector abundance in the wet and dry season: implications for targeted vector control in urban and peri-urban Asia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pathogens and Global Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-7724 .- 2047-7732. ; 106:8, s. 436-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research has shown that the classical Stegomyia indices (or "larval indices'') of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti reflect the absence or presence of the vector but do not provide accurate measures of adult mosquito density. In contrast, pupal indices as collected in pupal productivity surveys are a much better proxy indicator for adult vector abundance. However, it is unknown when it is most optimal to conduct pupal productivity surveys, in the wet or in the dry season or in both, to inform control services about the most productive water container types and if this pattern varies among different ecological settings. Methods: A multi-country study in randomly selected twelve to twenty urban and peri-urban neighborhoods ("clusters'') of six Asian countries, in which all water holding containers were examined for larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti during the dry season and the wet season and their productivity was characterized by water container types. In addition, meteorological data and information on reported dengue cases were collected. Findings: The study reconfirmed the association between rainfall and dengue cases ("dengue season'') and underlined the importance of determining through pupal productivity surveys the "most productive containers types'', responsible for the majority (> 70%) of adult dengue vectors. The variety of productive container types was greater during the wet than during the dry season, but included practically all container types productive in the dry season. Container types producing pupae were usually different from those infested by larvae indicating that containers with larval infestations do not necessarily foster pupal development and thus the production of adult Aedes mosquitoes. Conclusion: Pupal productivity surveys conducted during the wet season will identify almost all of the most productive container types for both the dry and wet seasons and will therefore facilitate cost-effective targeted interventions.
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| 5. |
- Moren, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Physical Activity on Prescription in Persons With Transient Ischemic Attack : A Randomized Controlled Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of neurologic physical therapy. - 1557-0576 .- 1557-0584. ; 40:3, s. 176-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a strong predictor of stroke, and physical inactivity is one risk factor for TIA/stroke. Physical activity on Prescription (PaP) can increase physical activity, but the effect of PaP after TIA has not been described. Our goal was to objectively measure the effect of PaP on physical activity and physical capacity, as well as self-rated health at 3 and 6 months after TIA. Methods: The primary outcome was moderate to vigorous intensities of physical activity objectively assessed by accelerometry. Secondary outcomes were steps per day assessed by accelerometry, physical capacity assessed by the 6-minute walk test, and self-rated health assessed by EQ-5D VAS. Results: Eighty-eight individuals with TIA were randomized to an intervention group (n = 44) that received conventional treatment and PaP or to a control group (n = 44) that received conventional treatment alone. There was a 30% dropout among the participants at 6 months. No significant differences between groups were found in physical activity at 3 and 6 months. At 6 months, participants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to have improved their physical capacity than the control group. There was no significant difference between groups in self-rated health. Discussion and Conclusions: PaP did not increase physical activity after TIA; however, there was an increase in physical capacity. The nonsignificant results for physical activity may be the result of a relatively high baseline physical activity level. The results may also indicate that prior studies suggesting that PaP increases physical activity overestimated effects because of the self-reported nature of the previous outcomes.
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| 6. |
- Palmcrantz, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Differences between younger and older individuals in their use of care and rehabilitation but not in self-perceived global recovery 1 year after stroke
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 321:1-2, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although priorities in Swedish stroke care should be based on the ethical principles of equal care and greatest support to those in greatest need, being of working age (younger) or retired (older) might influence expectations on recovery and the provision of care and rehabilitation.Method: Information regarding the use of care and rehabilitation during the 1st year after stroke was retrieved from the Stockholm County Council database and the medical data was taken from the medical records. The Barthel Index was used for self-ratings of dependence pre-stroke, and the Stroke Impact Scale was used to assess self-perceived disability and a global rating of recovery at 12 months. One hundred and ninety-two individuals were included.Results: Results showed that the younger group received more care and rehabilitation than the older group. In the older group, comorbid conditions and pre-stroke dependence, estimated in accordance with the Barthel Index, were more common. The older group reported larger impact on self-perceived disability regarding strength, mobility, self-care and domestic life, while self-perceived global recovery did not differ between the groups.Conclusion: Younger individuals received more care and rehabilitation, which indicates structural inequality in the provision of health care resources. However, as no difference in self-perceived global recovery was found between the groups; the disparity in the provision of health care may also be a consequence of greatest support being given to those in greatest need. By demonstrating the necessity of involving self-rated assessments of stroke impact at different points in time and in different age groups, the results of this study add to previous knowledge of age-related differences in the provision of health care and stroke outcome. Furthermore. this suggests a way to approach evaluation of equality in the provision of health care.
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| 7. |
- Sommerfeld, Disa K., et al.
(författare)
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Spasticity After Stroke An Overview of Prevalence, Test Instruments, and Treatments
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 91:9, s. 814-820
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sommerfeld DK, Gripenstedt U, Welmer A-K: Spasticity after stroke: An overview of prevalence, test instruments, and treatments. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 91: 814-820. The objective of this study was to present an overview of the prevalence of spasticity after stroke as well as of test instruments and treatments. Recent studies show that spasticity occurs in 20%-30% of all stroke victims and in less than half of those with pareses. Although spasticity may occur in paretic patients after stroke, muscle weakness is more likely to be the reason for the pareses. Spasticity after stroke is more common in the upper than the lower limbs, and it seems to be more common among younger than older people. To determine the nature of passive stretch, electromyographic equipment is needed. However, the Modified Ashworth Scale, which measures the sum of the biomechanical and neural components in passive stretch, is the most common instrument used to grade spasticity after stroke. Treatment of spasticity with physiotherapy is recommended, although its beneficial effect is uncertain. The treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin in combination with physiotherapy is suggested to improve functioning in patients with severe spasticity. A task-specific approach rather than a neurodevelopmental approach in assessing and treating a patient with spasticity after stroke seems to be preferred.
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| 8. |
- Wai, K. T., et al.
(författare)
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Community-centred eco-bio-social approach to control dengue vectors: an intervention study from Myanmar
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pathogens and Global Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2047-7724 .- 2047-7732. ; 106:8, s. 461-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To build up and analyse the feasibility, process, and effectiveness of a partnership-driven ecosystem management intervention in reducing dengue vector breeding and constructing sustainable partnerships among multiple stakeholders. Methods: A community-based intervention study was conducted from May 2009 to January 2010 in Yangon city. Six high-risk and six low-risk clusters were randomized and allocated as intervention and routine service areas, respectively. For each cluster, 100 households were covered. Bi-monthly entomological evaluations (i.e. larval and pupal surveys) and household acceptability surveys at the end of 6-month intervention period were conducted, supplemented by qualitative evaluations. Intervention description: The strategies included eco-friendly multi-stakeholder partner groups (Thingaha) and ward-based volunteers, informed decision-making of householders, followed by integrated vector management approach. Findings: Pupae per person index (PPI) decreased at the last evaluation by 5.7% (0.35-0.33) in high-risk clusters. But in low-risk clusters, PPI remarkably decreased by 63.6% (0.33-0.12). In routine service area, PPI also decreased due to availability of Temephos after Cyclone Nargis. As for total number of pupae in all containers, when compared to evaluation 1, there was a reduction of 18.6% in evaluation 2 and 44.1% in evaluation 3 in intervention area. However, in routine service area, more reduction was observed. All intervention tools were found as acceptable, being feasible to implement by multi-stakeholder partner groups. Conclusions: The efficacy of community-controlled partnership-driven interventions was found to be superior to the vertical approach in terms of sustainability and community empowerment.
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