| 1. |
- von Seidlein, Lorenz, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of targeted malaria elimination with mass drug administrations on falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia: A cluster randomised trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) threatens global malaria elimination efforts. Mass drug administration (MDA), the presumptive antimalarial treatment of an entire population to clear the subclinical parasite reservoir, is a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination. We report a cluster randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) MDA in reducing falciparum malaria incidence and prevalence in 16 remote village populations in Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, where artemisinin resistance is prevalent. Methods and findings After establishing vector control and community-based case management and following intensive community engagement, we used restricted randomisation within village pairs to select 8 villages to receive early DP MDA and 8 villages as controls for 12 months, after which the control villages received deferred DP MDA. The MDA comprised 3 monthly rounds of 3 daily doses of DP and, except in Cambodia, a single low dose of primaquine. We conducted exhaustive cross-sectional surveys of the entire population of each village at quarterly intervals using ultrasensitive quantitative PCR to detect Plasmodium infections. The study was conducted between May 2013 and July 2017. The investigators randomised 16 villages that had a total of 8,445 residents at the start of the study. Of these 8,445 residents, 4,135 (49%) residents living in 8 villages, plus an additional 288 newcomers to the villages, were randomised to receive early MDA; 3,790 out of the 4,423 (86%) participated in at least 1 MDA round, and 2,520 out of the 4,423 (57%) participated in all 3 rounds. The primary outcome, P. falciparum prevalence by month 3 (M3), fell by 92% (from 5.1% [171/3,340] to 0.4% [12/2,828]) in early MDA villages and by 29% (from 7.2% [246/3,405] to 5.1% [155/3,057]) in control villages. Over the following 9 months, the P. falciparum prevalence increased to 3.3% (96/2,881) in early MDA villages and to 6.1% (128/2,101) in control villages (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.41 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.84]; p = 0.015). Individual protection was proportional to the number of completed MDA rounds. Of 221 participants with subclinical P. falciparum infections who participated in MDA and could be followed up, 207 (94%) cleared their infections, including 9 of 10 with artemisinin-and piperaquine- resistant infections. The DP MDAs were well tolerated; 6 severe adverse events were detected during the follow-up period, but none was attributable to the intervention. Conclusions Added to community-based basic malaria control measures, 3 monthly rounds of DP MDA reduced the incidence and prevalence of falciparum malaria over a 1-year period in areas affected by artemisinin resistance. P. falciparum infections returned during the follow-up period as the remaining infections spread and malaria was reintroduced from surrounding areas. Limitations of this study include a relatively small sample of villages, heterogeneity between villages, and mobility of villagers that may have limited the impact of the intervention. These results suggest that, if used as part of a comprehensive, well-organised, and well-resourced elimination programme, DP MDA can be a useful additional tool to accelerate malaria elimination.
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| 2. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(författare)
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Burden of Hospital Acquired Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Vietnamese Adult Intensive Care Units
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Vietnam is a lower middle-income country with no national surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). We assessed the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) across Vietnam. Methods Monthly repeated point prevalence surveys were systematically conducted to assess HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use in 15 adult ICUs across Vietnam. Adults admitted to participating ICUs before 08: 00 a.m. on the survey day were included. Results Among 3287 patients enrolled, the HAI prevalence was 29.5% (965/3266 patients, 21 missing). Pneumonia accounted for 79.4% (804/1012) of HAIs Most HAIs (84.5% [855/1012]) were acquired in the survey hospital with 42.5% (363/855) acquired prior to ICU admission and 57.5% (492/855) developed during ICU admission. In multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for HAI acquired in ICU were: intubation (OR 2.76), urinary catheter (OR 2.12), no involvement of a family member in patient care (OR 1.94), and surgery after admission (OR 1.66). 726 bacterial isolates were cultured from 622/1012 HAIs, most frequently Acinetobacter baumannii (177/726 [24.4%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100/726 [13.8%]), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (84/726 [11.6%]), with carbapenem resistance rates of 89.2%, 55.7%, and 14.9% respectively. Antimicrobials were prescribed for 84.8% (2787/ 3287) patients, with 73.7% of patients receiving two or more. The most common antimicrobial groups were third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems (20.1%, 19.4%, and 14.1% of total antimicrobials, respectively). Conclusion A high prevalence of HAIs was observed, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria with high carbapenem resistance rates. This in combination with a high rate of antimicrobial use illustrates the urgent need to improve rational antimicrobial use and infection control efforts.
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| 3. |
- Son, Dang Ngoc, et al.
(författare)
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A novel design and fabrication of self-heated In2O3 nanowire gas sensor on for ethanol detection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many attempts have been made on the design and fabrication of low-power consumption gas sensor for application on the Internet of Things and portable devices. The performance of gas sensors includes sensitivity, selectivity, and power consumption, which are strongly dependent on the configuration of the device such as the gap size between two electrodes, the sensing material, and operation principle. Here, self-heated In2O3 nanowire-based gas sensors were designed and fabricated by on-chip growth technique via thermal evaporation to work at room temperature. The effect of electrode gap (10-40 mu m) on the power consumption and gas sensing performance of the In2O3 nanowire sensors was studied. With the large gap of 40 mu m, the sensor exhibited excellent sensing characteristics of low power consumption (1.06 mW) with ability to detect ethanol gas down to 20 ppm effectively. We also examined the role of nanowire conductivity in the performance of the self-heated sensor in the detection of reducing gas. The sensor demonstrated rapid response and recovery times of less than a minute, exceptional stability, and remarkable recovery.
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| 4. |
- Cuc, Nguyen Thi Thu, et al.
(författare)
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Hot water treatment prevents Aphelenchoides besseyi damage to Polianthes tuberosa crops in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
- 2010
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Ingår i: Crop Protection. - 0261-2194. ; 29:6, s. 599-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. The cultivation of P. tuberosa is infected by an endemic Aphelenchoides besseyi nematode that damages a high proportion of plants and persists within the bulbs. Here we report on the comparison of hot water and pesticide treatments as control methods to protect P. tuberosa from A. besseyi damage, and conclude that a hot water treatment consisting of soaking bulbs in water for 30 minutes at 57 °C is the most efficacious method to produce healthy flowers in a cost-effective manner.
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| 5. |
- Nguyen-Tien, Thang, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge and practice on prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in livestock-keeping and non-livestock-keeping communities in Hanoi city, Vietnam : A mixed-method study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are causing high morbidity and mortality for humans. Urban livestock keeping is still common in cities around the world. The animals may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic MBDs, which increase the risks for humans. Here we assess the knowledge and practices related to MBDs in households with livestock and without livestock and explore the perceptions of the health care sector about MBDs and livestock keeping in Hanoi city of Vietnam in a cross-sectional study. A quantitative survey was conducted including 513 households with and without livestock-keeping in six districts and complemented with qualitative surveys with four health staff from Hanoi Center of Disease Control and three district health centers. The quantitative survey indicated that the participants possessed basic knowledge on MBDs with an average score of 18.3 out of 35, of which non-livestock-keeping households had a better knowledge than households keeping livestock (p<0.05). Both household categories had low score, 3.5 out of 11, regarding preventive practices against MBDs. The negative binomial model showed that occupation and location of living were factors associated to the knowledge on MBDs. Farmers were likely to have better preventive practices as compared to office workers (p<0.05). Those who had better knowledge also had more adequate preventive practices against MBDs (p<0.001). The qualitative survey revealed that livestock keeping was determined as increasing risks of MBDs due to the increase of mosquito population. It is recommended that community campaigns to raise the awareness and change behavior on MBDs should be organized based on collaboration between the health sector and the veterinary sector for households with and without livestock living in central urban and peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between urban livestock keeping and potential increasing risks of MBDs such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis.
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| 6. |
- Son, Hoang Nghia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of simulated microgravity on the morphology of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Romanian Biotechnological Letters. - Bucharest : University of Bucharest. - 1224-5984 .- 2248-3942. ; 25:6, s. 2156-2160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to assess the effects of simulated microgravity on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) morphology. The results showed that the area of MEFs under simulated microgravity was 7843.39 +/- 551.31 mu m(2) which was lower than the control group (9832.72 +/- 453.86 mu m(2)) (p < 0.001). The nuclear area of MEFs under simulated microgravity (290.76 +/- 4.58 mu m(2)) and the control group (296.8 +/- 4.58 mu m(2)) did not statistically differ. In addition, the nuclear shape value of the MEFs under simulated microgravity and the control group did not statistically differ (0.86 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.87 +/- 0.003, respectively). The nuclear intensity of MEFs under simulated microgravity (19361 +/- 852) was higher than the control group (16997 +/- 285) (P <0.05). Moreover, the flow cytometry analysis indicated the reduced GO/G1 phase cell ratio and the increased S phase and G2/M phase cell ratio in MEFs under simulated microgravity. Simulated microgravity also induced a decrease in diameter of actin filament bundles of the MEFs under simulated microgravity (1.61 +/- 0.33 mu m) compared to the control group (1.79 +/- 0.32 mu m) (P <0.01). These results revealed that simulated microgravity is capable of inducing the morphological changes of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
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| 7. |
- Jakobsen, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Urban livestock-keeping and dengue in urban and peri-urban Hanoi, Vietnam.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban livestock provides an important source of food and income, but it may increase the risks for disease transmission. Vectors, such as mosquitoes, might increase and thereby cause an enhanced transmission of infectious diseases, such as dengue fever; considered the most important mosquito-borne viral disease globally. This cross-sectional study evaluated the awareness of dengue fever and investigated how the presence of dengue vectors is affected by the keeping of livestock in urban households in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. From February to March 2018, during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue in Hanoi, 140 households were interviewed, of which 69 kept livestock. A general trend was observed; respondents living in the Dan Phuong district, a peri-urban district, had better knowledge and practice regarding dengue as compared to the urban Ha Dong district. In total, 3899 mosquitoes were collected and identified, of which 52 (1.33%) were Aedes species. A significant difference between the two districts was observed, with more households in Ha Dong having Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.02) and a higher incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.001). There was no significant association between livestock-rearing and the presence of Aedes spp. mosquitoes (p = 0.955), or between livestock-rearing and the incidence of dengue fever (p = 0.08). In conclusion, this study could not find any indication that households keeping livestock were at higher risk of dengue virus infections in Hanoi during the season of lowest occurrence of dengue, but clearly indicated the need of more information provided to urban inhabitants, particularly on personal protection.
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| 8. |
- Nguyen-Tien, Thang, et al.
(författare)
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The Distribution and Composition of Vector Abundance in Hanoi City, Vietnam : Association with Livestock Keeping and Flavivirus Detection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI. - 1999-4915. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus are two common flaviviruses that are spread widely by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Livestock keeping is vital for cities; however, it can pose the risk of increasing the mosquito population. Our study explored how livestock keeping in and around a large city is associated with the presence of mosquitoes and the risk of them spreading flaviviruses.Methods: An entomological study was conducted in 6 districts with 233 households with livestock, and 280 households without livestock, in Hanoi city. BG-Sentinel traps and CDC light traps were used to collect mosquitoes close to animal farms and human habitats. Adult mosquitoes were counted, identified to species level, and grouped into 385 pools, which were screened for flaviviruses using a pan-flavivirus qPCR protocol and sequencing.Results: A total of 12,861 adult mosquitoes were collected at the 513 households, with 5 different genera collected, of which the Culex genus was the most abundant. Our study found that there was a positive association between livestock keeping and the size of the mosquito population-most predominantly between pig rearing and Culex species (p < 0.001). One pool of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, collected in a peri-urban district, was found to be positive for Japanese encephalitis virus.Conclusions: The risk of flavivirus transmission in urban areas of Hanoi city due to the spread of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes could be facilitated by livestock keeping.
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| 9. |
- Pham-Thanh, Long, et al.
(författare)
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Zoonotic Flavivirus Exposure in Peri-Urban and Suburban Pig-Keeping in Hanoi, Vietnam, and the Knowledge and Preventive Practices of Pig Farmers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : MDPI. - 2414-6366. ; 7:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs), including those caused by flaviviruses, remain human health problems for developing and urbanizing economies. This cross-sectional study examined risks of flavivirus exposure through a survey regarding knowledge and practices of pig farmers, and serological analysis of pigs in peri-urban and suburban Hanoi city. A total of 636 pig sera from 179 pig farms in 4 districts, namely, Chuong My, Dan Phuong, Ha Dong, and Bac Tu Liem, were analyzed by a competitive ELISA designed for flavivirus antibody detection. The results indicated a low level of awareness about MBDs among pig farmers, and a high seroprevalence in pigs at 88.5% (95%CI = 85.8-90.9%). Moreover, common practices of pig owners to prevent mosquitoes at home and farm did not show a significant reduction in flavivirus exposure in pigs. At animal level, significant associations between seropositive pigs and the farms with more than 60 pigs, and the district location were found. Farm-level multivariable analysis did not identify significant risk factors for flavivirus exposure. The study suggests that improving awareness of pig owners about MBDs in Hanoi city may be warranted to reduce the risk for MBD flavivirus infections in both humans and pigs.
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| 10. |
- Quang-Thuy, Ha, et al.
(författare)
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A Bisimulation-based Method of Concept Learning for Knowledge Bases in Description Logics
- 2012
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Ingår i: SoICT 2012 - 3rd International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Press. ; , s. 241-249
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop the first bisimulation-based method of concept learning, called BBCL, for knowledge bases in description logics (DLs). Our method is formulated for a large class of useful DLs, with well-known DLs like ALC, SHIQ, SHOIQ, SROIQ. As bisimulation is the notion for characterizing indis-cernibility of objects in DLs, our method is natural and very promising.
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