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- Sommerfelt, K, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive development of term small for gestational age children of five years of age
- 2000
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 83:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM To assess the relative significance for cognitive development of small for gestational age, parental demographic factors, and factors related to the child rearing environment. METHODS IQ of a population based cohort of 338 term infants who were small for gestational age (SGA) and without major handicap, and a random control sample of 335 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were compared at 5 years of age. RESULTS The mean non-verbal IQ was four points lower, while the mean verbal IQ was three points lower for the children in the SGA group. The results were not confounded by parental demographic or child rearing factors. However, parental factors, including maternal non-verbal problem solving abilities, and child rearing style, accounted for 20% of the variance in non-verbal IQ, while SGA versus AGA status accounted for only 2%. The comparable numbers for verbal IQ were 30 and 1%. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the cognitive development of SGA children was more sensitive to a non-optimal child rearing environment than that of AGA children. Maternal smoking at conception was associated with a reduction in mean IQ comparable to that found for SGA status, and this effect was the same for SGA and AGA children. The cognitive function of asymmetric SGA was comparable to that of symmetric SGA children. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that child cognitive development is strongly associated with parental factors, but only marginally associated with intrauterine growth retardation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Helle W., et al.
(författare)
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Gender and its contribution to the prediction of cognitive abilities at 5 years.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 39:4, s. 267-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender-related differences in the prediction of five year-olds' cognitive abilities from measures of distal environment, proximal environment and infant test scores were examined in a random sample of 93 boys and 90 girls. Distal environmental data included maternal IQ, maternal and paternal education. Proximal environmental data included two variables derived from the Home Screening Questionnaire: the Home Questions and the Toy Checklist. The Bayley MDI was administered at age 13 months, whereas WPPSI-R was used as cognitive outcome measure at age 5 years. The relationship between paternal education and child IQ, and between proximal environmental variables and child IQ was significantly stronger for boys than for girls. The associations between proximal environment and IQ in boys, were accounted for by the distal environmental variables. Bayley MDI correlated significantly higher with girls' IQ compared to boys' IQ. Findings are discussed in terms of parental gender-differentiated socialization processes.
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| 4. |
- Drevin, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood abuse and unplanned pregnancies : a cross-sectional study of women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 127:4, s. 438-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To study if childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse are determinants for having an unplanned pregnancy, if the categories of abuse interact, and if a potential bias due to the selection of the participants (collider stratification bias) could explain the effect of childhood abuse.Design A cross-sectional study.Setting The study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Sample Women participating in the MoBa for the first time, >= 18 years of age who responded to questions regarding childhood abuse and pregnancy planning (n = 76 197).Methods Data were collected using questionnaires. We conducted analyses using modified Poisson regressions and the relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI). Sensitivity analyses were performed.Main outcome measure An unplanned pregnancy (yes/no).Results Exposure to childhood emotional (adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.19), physical (adjusted RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.18) and sexual (adjusted RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14-1.27) abuse increased the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The effects could not be explained by the collider stratification bias. The different combinations of categories of abuse did not show any interaction effects.Conclusions Childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuses separately increase the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The results indicate that victims of childhood abuse are in greater need of support to achieve their reproductive goals. Tweetable abstract Childhood abuse increases the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. #reproductivehealth #epitwitter.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sommerfelt, K, et al.
(författare)
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Behavior in term, small for gestational age preschoolers
- 2001
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Ingår i: Early Human Development. - 0378-3782 .- 1872-6232. ; 65:2, s. 107-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) was associated with an increased frequency of preschool behavioral problems. Study design: Follow-up study at 5 years of age. Subjects: A population based cohort of 318 term infants who were SGA, defined as having a birthweight less than the 15th percentile for gestational age, and without major handicap such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation, and a random control sample of 307 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Outcome measures: The Personality Inventory for Children and the Yale Children's Inventory (completed by the mothers), and child behavior during psychometric testing. Results: Behavior problems was not more common among the SGA children. The results were not confounded by a wide range of parental demographic and child rearing factors, including maternal non-verbal problem solving abilities, child rearing style, and maternal psychological distress. However, the parental factors explained 13% of the variance in a summary score of child behavior compared to 1% explained by SGA vs. AGA status. The SGA children were not more sensitive to the negative impacts of parental risk factors than AGA controls. The study does not address the outcome of severely growth-retarded SGA infants. Conclusion: Being born moderately SGA is not a significant risk factor for preschool behavior problems.
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| 7. |
- Sommerfelt, K, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychologic and Motor Function in Small-for-Gestation Preschoolers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pediatric Neurology. - 0887-8994 .- 1873-5150. ; 26:3, s. 186-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate neuropsychologic and motor performance in term small-for-gestation preschool children. A patient-based sample of 311 5-year-old children with birth weights less than the fifteenth percentile for gestation was compared with a random sample of 321 appropriate-for-gestation control subjects. The main assessment tools were subscales from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised, subscales from the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, tests of manual dexterity and figure copying, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales. The small-for-gestation children had mean scores on tests of visuospatial and visuomotor abilities that were one fourth standard deviation lower than appropriate-for-gestation control subjects and slightly lower scores on manual dexterity. The small-for-gestation children were comparable to appropriate-for-gestation children regarding motor performance. We therefore conclude that the neuropsychologic and neuromotor performance in preschool years of term small-for-gestation children is reassuring.
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| 9. |
- Sonnander, K, et al.
(författare)
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Classification, prevalence, prevention and rehabilitation of intellectual disability : an overview of research in the Peopls´s Republic of China
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : Wiley. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 41:2, s. 180-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The People's Republic of China is a developing country with all the problems and challenges that face such countries all over the world. Progress has been hampered by scarcity of resources, and a lack of relevant information and appropriate skills, as well as by the stigma traditionally attached to people with intellectual disability. The present rapid economic development has made possible further improvement and expansion of educational opportunities, and health and rehabilitation services. According to a recent census and sample surveys conducted in the People's Republic of China, the overall prevalence rate of people with disabilities was estimated to 4.9%. Thus, China has more individuals with disabilities than any other country in the world. According to these figures, the prevalence of intellectual disability in the population is = 1%. For children younger than 14 years of age, the prevalence is around 2 %, which accounts for 66% of all handicapped children, making it the most frequent childhood disability. Today, the existing medical facilities, and educational and social welfare organizations cannot meet the tremendous need of care and services. The problems of the large number of disabled children and adults are a major challenge for contemporary Chinese society. This paper is devoted to research pertinent to intellectual disability in China. With a few exceptions, only publications in the English language were included in this review, which makes the overview selective rather than comprehensive. Publications on classification systems and diagnostic criteria, screening methods and assessment instruments, prevalence rates, aetiology and risk factors, prevention and intervention efforts, special education, and families with children with intellectual disability are presented.
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