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- Mesher, David, et al.
(författare)
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Population-level effects of human papillomavirus vaccination programs on infections with nonvaccine genotypes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 22:10, s. 1732-1740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalences during prevaccination and postvaccination periods to consider possible changes in nonvaccine HPV genotypes after introduction of vaccines that confer protection against 2 high-risk types, HPV16 and HPV18. Our meta-analysis included 9 studies with data for 13,886 girls and women ≤19 years of age and 23,340 women 20–24 years of age. We found evidence of cross-protection for HPV31 among the younger age group after vaccine introduction but little evidence for reductions of HPV33 and HPV45. For the group this same age group, we also found slight increases in 2 nonvaccine high-risk HPV types (HPV39 and HPV52) and in 2 possible high-risk types (HPV53 and HPV73). However, results between age groups and vaccines used were inconsistent, and the increases had possible alternative explanations; consequently, these data provided no clear evidence for type replacement. Continued monitoring of these HPV genotypes is important.
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| 2. |
- Song, J., et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular matrix of secondary lymphoid organs impacts on B-cell fate and survival
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 110:31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a unique extracellular matrix (ECM) niche in the spleen, the marginal zone (MZ), characterized by the basement membrane glycoproteins, laminin alpha 5 and agrin, that promotes formation of a specialized population of MZ B lymphocytes that respond rapidly to blood-borne antigens. Mice with reduced laminin alpha 5 expression show reduced MZ B cells and increased numbers of newly formed (NF) transitional B cells that migrate from the bone marrow, without changes in other immune or stromal cell compartments. Transient integrin alpha 6 beta 1-mediated interaction of NF B cells with laminin alpha 5 in the MZ supports the MZ B-cell population, their long-term survival, and antibody response. Data suggest that the unique 3D structure and biochemical composition of the ECM of lymphoid organs impacts on immune cell fate.
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| 3. |
- Ueckert, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and Distribution of Cyclic AMP- and Cyclic GMP-Binding Protein Kinases in the Human Vagina-An Immunohistochemical Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1743-6109 .- 1743-6095. ; 7:2, s. 888-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. In contrast to research findings describing the localization of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), guanylyl cyclases, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-degrading phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in the human vagina, the distribution of proteins known as major targets for cyclic nucleotides has not yet been evaluated. cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cAK, cGKI) have been identified as important receptors for cyclic nucleotides downstream the signaling cascades. Aim. To investigate, by means of immunohistochemistry, the expression of cAK and cGKI in relation to endothelial NOS (eNOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in the human vagina. Main Outcome Measures. Expression and distribution of cAK and cGKI(alpha,beta) in relation to eNOS, VIP, and PGP 9.5 in human vaginal tissue. Methods. Immunohistochemical techniques were applied to sections of human vaginal full wall specimens in order to evaluate the presence of cAK and cGKI(alpha,beta) in relation to VIP, PGP 9.5, and eNOS, respectively. Western blot analyses were conducted using cytosolic supernatants of homogenized specimens of the vaginal wall and epithelium. Results. Immunostaining specific for cGKI beta was observed in vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle of the vagina. In the endothelial layer, cGKI beta was found colocalized with eNOS. In contrast, no signals indicating cGKI alpha were registered. cAK-positive subepithelial vessels were found to be innervated by a dense meshwork of PGP-containing varicose nerve fibers, some of which presented expression of VIP. The expression of cAK and cGKI beta was confirmed by Western blotting. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the expression of cAK and cGKI beta in the human vagina. The colocalization with VIP and eNOS underlines the significance of both the cAMP and GMP pathway in the control of human vaginal vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle. Uckert S, Waldkirch ES, Albrecht K, Sonnenberg J, Langnase K, Richter K, Hedlund P, and Kuczyk MA. Expression and distribution of cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-binding protein kinases in the human vagina-An immunohistochemical study.
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