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- Andresen, SE, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-polarized electron tunneling across a Si delta-doped GaMnAs/n-GaAs interface
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Reviews. - : AIP Publishing. - 1931-9401. ; 94:6, s. 3990-3994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the spin-polarized tunneling of electrons from the valence band of GaMnAs into the conduction band of n-type GaAs with Si delta-doping at the interface. The injection of spin-polarized electrons is detected as circular polarized emission from a GaInAs/GaAs quantum well light emitting diode, corresponding to magneto-optical Kerr effect loops. The angular momentum selection rules are simplified by the strain-induced heavy-hole/light-hole splitting, allowing a direct relation between circular polarization and spin-polarization. Comparison with the influence of Zeeman splitting allow us to conclude a spin-injection from the majority spin-band.
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- Hansen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Independent prognostic value of angiogenesis and the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor type I in breast cancer patients
- 2003
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 88:1, s. 102-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumour angiogenesis and the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-I) are both informative prognostic markers in breast cancer. In cell cultures and in animal model systems, PAI-I has a proangiogenic effect. To evaluate the interrelationship of angiogenesis and the PAI-I level in breast cancer, we have evaluated the prognostic value of those factors in a total of 228 patients with primary, unilateral, invasive breast cancer, evaluated at a median follow-up time of 12 years. Microvessels were immunohistochemically stained by antibodies against CD34 and quantitated by the Chalkley counting technique. The levels of PAI-I and its target proteinase uPA in tumour extracts were analysed by ELISA. The Chalkley count was not correlated with the levels of uPA or PAI-I. High values of uPA, PAI-I, and Chalkley count were all significantly correlated with a shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In the multivariate analysis, the uPA level did not show independent prognostic impact for any of the analysed end points. In contrast, the risk of recurrence was independently and significantly predicted by both the PAI-I level and the Chalkley count, with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 1.6 (1.01-2.69) and 1.4 (1.02-1.81), respectively. For overall survival, the Chalkley count, but not PAI-I, was of significant independent prognostic value. The risk of death was 1.7 (1,30-2.15) for Chalkley counts in the upper tertile compared to the lower one. We conclude that the PAI-I level and the Chalkley count are independent prognostic markers for recurrence-free survival in patients with primary breast cancer, suggesting that the prognostic impact of PAI-I is not only based on its involvement in angiogenesis. (C) 2003 Cancer Research UK.
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- Hansen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Microvessel density compared with the Chalkley count in a prognostic study of angiogenesis in breast cancer patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: Histopathology. - : Wiley. - 0309-0167 .- 1365-2559. ; 44:5, s. 428-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Evaluation of angiogenesis by intratumoral vessel profiles can be performed by different methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of estimates obtained by the intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) method and then to compare with corresponding estimates obtained by the Chalkley method. Methods and Results: A total of 330 patients treated for primary, unilateral, invasive breast carcinoma were included. The median follow-up time was 14 years and 4 months. The microvessels were immunohistochemically stained by antibodies to CD34. MVD was not significantly correlated with any clinicopathological variables. By univariate analysis, MVD showed no prognostic value with regard to recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS), while the Chalkley count had significant prognostic value (P < 0.0001; RFS and OS). In the Cox multivariate analysis, MVD had no prognostic impact {median HR [confidence interval (CI)] was 0.93 [0.66, 1.32] for RFS; and HR [CI] was 0.86 [0.62, 1.19] for OS}, while the Chalkley count [median HR (CI) was 2.12 (1.48, 3.06) for RFS; and HR (CI) was 1.71 (1.23, 2.37) for OS] provided independent prognostic value when adjusted for age, menopausal status, axillary lymph node status, tumour size, histological grade, adjuvant systemic treatment and radiation therapy. In comparing the results obtained by MVD in our study with those from other published studies we find good agreement. Conclusions: The Chalkley count technique seems to be preferable for estimating angiogenesis with regard to the prognostic stratification of breast cancer patients, based on its strong prognostic impact, and acceptable reproducibility.
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