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- Brown, D., et al.
(författare)
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Arc-continent collision in the Southern Urals
- 2006
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 79:3-4, s. 261-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Southern Urals of Russia contain what is arguably one of the best-preserved examples of an arc–continent collision in anyPaleozoic orogen. The arc–continent collision history recorded in the rocks of the Southern Urals began in the Early Devonian withthe onset of intra-oceanic subduction and the formation of the Magnitogorsk Arc and ended with its collision with the margin ofBaltica during the Late Devonian. The Baltica margin consisted of a basement that was composed predominantly of rocks ofArchean and Proterozoic age that, by the time of arc–continent collision, was overlain by Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, andDevonian sediments interpreted to have been deposited in rift-related grabens on the continental slope and rise, and on the shallowmarine platform. The Magnitogorsk Arc consists of Early to Late Devonian island arc volcanic rocks and overlying volcaniclasticsediments. Arc–continent collision led to the development of an accretionary complex that includes shallowly and deeplysubducted continental margin rocks, ophiolite fragments, and sediments that were deposited in a foreland-basin setting. Thegeochemistry of the Magnitogorsk Arc volcanic rocks, the structure of the arc–continent collision accretionary complex and theforearc, the high-pressure rocks beneath and along the suture zone, the mafic and ultramafic ophiolitic material, and the syn-tectonic sediments show that the Paleozoic tectonic processes recorded in the Southern Urals can be favorably compared with thosein currently active settings such as the west Pacific.© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Gadeyne, S, et al.
(författare)
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The turn of the gradient? Educational differences in breast cancer mortality in 18 European populations during the 2000s
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:1, s. 33-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the association between educational level and breast cancer mortality in Europe in the 2000s. Unlike most other causes of death, breast cancer mortality tends to be positively related to education, with higher educated women showing higher mortality rates. Research has however shown that the association is changing from being positive over non-existent to negative in some countries. To investigate these patterns, data from national mortality registers and censuses were collected and harmonized for 18 European populations. The study population included all women aged 30-74. Age-standardized mortality rates, mortality rate ratios, and slope and relative indexes of inequality were computed by education. The population was stratified according to age (women aged 30-49 and women aged 50-74). The relation between educational level and breast cancer mortality was predominantly negative in women aged 30-49, mortality rates being lower among highly educated women and higher among low educated women, although few outcomes were statistically significant. Among women aged 50-74, the association was mostly positive and statistically significant in some populations. A comparison with earlier research in the 1990s revealed a changing pattern of breast cancer mortality. Positive educational differences that used to be significant in the 1990s were no longer significant in the 2000s, indicating that inequalities have decreased or disappeared. This evolution is in line with the "fundamental causes" theory which stipulates that whenever medical insights and treatment become available to combat a disease, a negative association with socio-economic position will arise, independently of the underlying risk factors.
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