| 1. |
- Biasetti, Jacopo, et al.
(författare)
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An Integrated Fluid-Chemical Model Toward Modeling the Formation of Intra-Luminal Thrombus in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 3:266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are frequently characterized by the presence of an Intra-Luminal Thrombus (ILT) known to influence their evolution biochemically and biomechanically. The ILT progression mechanism is still unclear and little is known regarding the impact of the chemical species transported by blood flow on this mechanism. Chemical agonists and antagonists of platelets activation, aggregation, and adhesion and the proteins involved in the coagulation cascade (CC) may play an important role in ILT development. Starting from this assumption, the evolution of chemical species involved in the CC, their relation to coherent vortical structures (VSs) and their possible effect on ILT evolution have been studied. To this end a fluid-chemical model that simulates the CC through a series of convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equations has been developed. The model involves plasma-phase and surface-bound enzymes and zymogens, and includes both plasma-phase and membrane-phase reactions. Blood is modeled as a non-Newtonian incompressible fluid. VSs convect thrombin in the domain and lead to the high concentration observed in the distal portion of the AAA. This finding is in line with the clinical observations showing that the thickest ILT is usually seen in the distal AAA region. The proposed model, due to its ability to couple the fluid and chemical domains, provides an integrated mechanochemical picture that potentially could help unveil mechanisms of ILT formation and development.
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| 2. |
- Biasetti, Jacopo, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated fluido-chemical model towards modeling the formation of intra-luminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms
- 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are frequently characterized by the presence of an Intra-Luminal Thrombus (ILT) known to influence biochemically and biomechanically their evolution. ILT progression mechanism is still unclear and little is known regarding the impact of chemicals transported by blood flow. It is expected that chemical agonists and antagonists of platelets activation, aggregation, and adhesion play an important role in ILT development. Starting fromthis assumption, the evolution of chemical species related to the coagulation cascade (CC), their relation to coherent vortical structures (VSs) and their effect on ILT evolution have been studied. To this end a fluido-chemical model that simulates the CC through a series of convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equations and considers blood as a non-Newtonian incompressible fluid has been developed. In addition to the relation between VSs and thrombin distribution, high thrombin concentrations at the distal portion of the AAA were observed, i.e. the region where the thickest ILT is usually seen. The proposed model, due to its ability to couple the fluid and chemical domains, provides an integrated mechanochemical picture that potentially could unveil mechanisms of ILT formation and development.
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| 3. |
- Biasetti, Jacopo, et al.
(författare)
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Shear-induced migration of red blood cells in the abdominal aorta and thecarotid bifurcation : considerations on oxygen transport
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Shear-induced migration of red blood cells (RBCs) is a well known phenomenon characterizing blood flow in the small vessels (micron to mm size) of the cardiovascular system. In large vessels, like the abdominal aorta and the carotid artery (mm to cm size), the extent of this migration has not been fully elucidated. RBCs migration exerts its influence primarily on platelet concentration, oxygen transport and oxygen availability at the luminal surface; this being of primary importance in, for example, intra-luminal thrombus (ILT) growth, atherosclerosis and intima hyperplasia. Phillips’ shear-induced particle migration model coupled to the Quemada viscosity model was employed to simulate the macroscopic behavior of RBCs in four patient-specific geometries: a normal abdominal aorta, an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a normal carotid bifurcation and a stenotic carotid bifurcation. Simulations show a migration of RBCs from the near wall region with a lowering of wall hematocrit (volume fraction of RBCs) on the posterior side of the normal aorta and in the iliac arteries. A marked migration is observed on the outer wall of the carotid sinus, the inner curvature wall of the common carotid artery and in the carotid stenosis. No significant migration is observed in the AAA. The spatial and temporal patterns of wall hematocrit are correlated with the near-wall shear layer and with the secondary flow induced by the vessel curvature. The results reinforce data in literature showing a decrease in oxygen partial pressure on the inner curvature wall of the carotid sinus and, more in general, on the inner curvature wall. The lowering of wall hematocrit is postulated to induce a decrease in oxygen availability at the luminal surface through a diminished concentration of oxyhemoglobin, hence contributing, with the lowered oxygen partial pressure, to local hypoxia.
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| 4. |
- Biasetti, Jacopo, et al.
(författare)
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Synergy between shear-induced migration and secondary flows on red blood cells transport in arteries : considerations on oxygen transport
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 11:97, s. 20140403-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shear-induced migration of red blood cells (RBCs) is a well-known phenomenon characterizing blood flow in the small vessels (micrometre to millimetre size) of the cardiovascular system. In large vessels, like the abdominal aorta and the carotid artery (millimetre to centimetre size), the extent of this migration and its interaction with secondary flows has not been fully elucidated. RBC migration exerts its influence primarily on platelet concentration, oxygen transport and oxygen availability at the luminal surface, which could influence vessel wall disease processes in and adjacent to the intima. Phillips' shear-induced particle migration model, coupled to the Quemada viscosity model, was employed to simulate the macroscopic behaviour of RBCs in four patient-specific geometries: a normal abdominal aorta, an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a normal carotid bifurcation and a stenotic carotid bifurcation. Simulations show a migration of RBCs from the near-wall region with a lowering of wall haematocrit (volume fraction of RBCs) on the posterior side of the normal aorta and on the lateral-external side of the iliac arteries. A marked migration is observed on the outer wall of the carotid sinus, along the common carotid artery and in the carotid stenosis. No significant migration is observed in the AAA. The spatial and temporal patterns of wall haematocrit are correlated with the near-wall shear layer and with the secondary flows induced by the vessel curvature. In particular, secondary flows accentuate the initial lowering in RBC near-wall concentration by convecting RBCs from the inner curvature side to the outer curvature side. The results reinforce data in literature showing a decrease in oxygen partial pressure on the inner curvature wall of the carotid sinus induced by the presence of secondary flows. The lowering of wall haematocrit is postulated to induce a decrease in oxygen availability at the luminal surface through a diminished concentration of oxyhaemoglobin, hence contributing, with the reported lowered oxygen partial pressure, to local hypoxia.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Todde, Valentino, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental analysis of low-Reynolds number free jets
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experiments in Fluids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0723-4864 .- 1432-1114. ; 47:2, s. 279-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper analyzes the features of a low-Reynolds number free submerged jet with special regard to statistical quantities on the jet centerline. Measurements in an environment with very low disturbances allowed to observe details of turbulence and higher-order moments. Some peculiar features of the measured (natural) jet are shown to be in correspondence to observations referring to forced higher-Reynolds number jets. In particular, it is shown that, at low Reynolds numbers, the initial region of the jet is dominated by well-defined vortices in the shear layer. This result is substantiated by both the statistical moments and the spectral analysis. The presence of two distinct regimes is evidenced and discussed from a physical standpoint, also in relation to the mathematical analysis of the jet structure from the bibliography.
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| 7. |
- Todde, Valentino, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental analysis of low-Reynolds number free jets: Evolution along the jet centerline and Reynolds number effects
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experiments in Fluids. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0723-4864 .- 1432-1114. ; 47:2, s. 279-294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper analyzes the features of a low-Reynolds number free submerged jet with special regard to statistical quantities on the jet centerline. Measurements in an environment with very low disturbances allowed to observe details of turbulence and higher-order moments. Some peculiar features of the measured (natural) jet are shown to be in correspondence to observations referring to forced higher-Reynolds number jets. In particular, it is shown that, at low Reynolds numbers, the initial region of the jet is dominated by well-defined vortices in the shear layer. This result is substantiated by both the statistical moments and the spectral analysis. The presence of two distinct regimes is evidenced and discussed from a physical standpoint, also in relation to the mathematical analysis of the jet structure from the bibliography.
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