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| 2. |
- Demichev, Vadim, et al.
(författare)
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A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4712 .- 2405-4720. ; 12:8, s. 780-794.e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
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| 3. |
- Kip, Miriam Julia, et al.
(författare)
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The usefulness of direct ethanol metabolites in assessing alcohol intake in nonintoxicated male patients in an emergency room setting
- 2008
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 32:7, s. 1284-1291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A major part of medical pathology in internal medicine is associated with chronic alcoholism. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether screening for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) can be improved through determination of direct ethanol metabolites compared to traditional biological state markers, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and additional self-reports beyond the detection time period of a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Methods: A total of 74 blood alcohol negative male patients who presented at the emergency room with either thoracic or gastrointestinal complaints were included. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) was determined in whole blood, and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in serum and urine samples. Traditional biological state markers [carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] were determined. The AUDIT was obtained and furthermore, all patients completed an additional self-report of alcohol consumption. Patients were divided into two (2) groups: AUDIT scores < 8 and AUDIT scores >= 8. Results: After assessment of the AUDIT, patients were allocated to one of the following groups: patients with AUDIT scores < 8 (n = 52) and with AUDIT scores >= 8 (n = 22). Twenty-five percent of the patients with AUDIT scores below the cut-off (n = 13/52) were tested positive for both PEth and UEtG. Of the patients who declared to be sober during the past 12 months, 38.5% were tested positive for PEth and UEtG. PEth discriminated similarly as %CDT for AUDIT scores >= 8 (AUC: 0.672; 95%CI 0.524 to 0.821). Self-reports of alcohol consumption were unreliable. Conclusion: Determination of direct ethanol metabolites such as PEth and UEtG provides additional evidence in screening for AUD in an ER setting. Determination of PEth might be considered complementary with or alternatively to %CDT.
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
- Lassen, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery : Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Archives of surgery (Chicago. 1960). - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0004-0010 .- 1538-3644. ; 144:10, s. 961-969
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe a consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery and to provide consensus recommendations for each item of an evidence-based protocol for optimal perioperative care. DATA SOURCES: For every item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English-language literature has been examined. STUDY SELECTION: Particular attention was paid to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. DATA EXTRACTION: A consensus recommendation for each protocol item was reached after critical appraisal of the literature by the group. DATA SYNTHESIS: For most protocol items, recommendations are based on good-quality trials or meta-analyses of such trials. CONCLUSIONS: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group presents a comprehensive evidence-based consensus review of perioperative care for colorectal surgery. It is based on the evidence available for each element of the multimodal perioperative care pathway.
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| 6. |
- Pearse, Rupert M, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 380:9847, s. 1059-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical outcomes after major surgery are poorly described at the national level. Evidence of heterogeneity between hospitals and health-care systems suggests potential to improve care for patients but this potential remains unconfirmed. The European Surgical Outcomes Study was an international study designed to assess outcomes after non-cardiac surgery in Europe.
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| 7. |
- Phrochaska, JO, et al.
(författare)
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Engage in the Process of Change : Facts and Methods
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This textbook advocates patients’ empowerment for improving health outcomes and health system performance. It emphasizes the important implications of improving communication between patient and health professionals and the adherence to treatment regimens. Based on research including theories of Stages of Change and Decision Balance, and by incorporating examples from daily clinical practice, this document sets out the guiding principles to support health professionals in better understanding and empowering patients to change lifestyle and behaviour. These principles describe a general approach to patients’ empowerment, consisting of three main tools: the LINE, the BOX and the CIRCLE. It specifically addresses the major risk factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption and physical activity by putting the focus of action upstream to the causes of these types of lifestyle and behaviour. It is built on accumulating evidence, which shows that tailoring interventions to the characteristics of the target audience is key for success.
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