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- Bonow, Madeleine A
(författare)
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Gård, gräns, giftermål : Familjestrategiers betydelse för markens och landskapets utformning i Norra Åsarps socken, Västergötland ca 1640-1880
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with property rights and the implications of these for people, landscape and settlement in Norra Åsarp Parish in the province of Västergötland.The overarching aim of the thesis is to investigate systems of social rules and how these influence the structure of settlement and land use/ownership. The central question concerns how the peasant family reproduced and maintained social and physical boundaries and if there are any relationships between territoriality and social class.The analysis has led us to the unexpected result that there was a surprising degree of continuity concerning the individual field strips. This is remarkable since the social system otherwise showed a rather rapid rotation in farm occupancy. The intriguing question here is why it was like this in this area? Why were there no changes in the allotment system? To solve this question special attention is given to reproduction and farm practice at the individual level. The social structure was primarily characterised by families who farmed on a small scale. The farms belonging to a larger kinship group circulated between the relatives and were farmed by the most suitable couple available. The marital strategy made group identity well connected and the family identity become strong. The social system was to some extent readable in the landscape: the family tree was more or less written on the ground. This investigation may provide an explanation to why there were no changes in the allotment system.The basis of the taxation in Norra Åsarp may have been the allotment system itself and this may explain why nothing happens on the ground: land had to stay fixed and tied to specific homesteads, otherwise it would be hard to calculate the rights and duties of the farm.
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| 5. |
- Franzén, Kristina, 1951-
(författare)
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Att flytta Axis Mundi : Om det kyrkliga landskapets struktur och förändring i Strängnäs och Växjö stift 1780–1880
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The investigation takes its point of departure in the Royal Ordinances which regulated church-building during the period 1780–1880 and how the bishops in the Dioceses of Strängnäs and Växjö, respectively, used these Ordinances to restructure and rationalize the parochial landscape, i.e. regulate the number of parishes and churches. The Diocese of Växjö is characterized by intensive church-building activity during the period, while in the Diocese of Strängnäs hardly any new churches were built. An important cause for this difference was major differences in parish structure. The Diocese of Strängnäs had a more uniform pattern than the Diocese of Växjö with regard to the area and population of the parishes for one thing, their internal organization into vicarages of different size on the other.An important factor, particularly in the Diocese of Strängnäs, was changes in the agricultural production system. An increasing use of cottager labour made for a more mobile population and increased social distances in the parishes. As land ownership regulated voting rights at the parish councils, the number of those who had any say in the joint concerns of the parish, such as church-building, went down at the same time as the estate owners became less and less interested in such matters. Planning and decisionmaking at the parish councils therefore were wanting and decisions to build a church could not be taken.Another important circumstance was that a real need for church renewal in the Diocese of Strängnäs was not at hand until towards the end of the 19th century. At that time a lower rate of church attendance together with the above-mentioned difficulties to reach decisions made for the old churches to be kept
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| 7. |
- Lagerström, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing software development efficiency and maintainability for complex industrial systems - A case study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 1532-060X .- 1532-0618. ; 25:3, s. 285-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is difficult to manage complex software systems. Thus, many research initiatives focus on how to improve software development efficiency and maintainability. However, the trend in the industry is still alarming, software development projects fail, and maintenance is becoming more and more expensive. One problem could be that research has been focusing on the wrong things. Most research publications address either process improvements or architectural improvements. There are few known approaches that consider how architectural changes affect processes and vice versa. One method proposed, called the BusinessArchitectureProcess method, takes these aspects into consideration. In 2007 the method was tested in one case study. Findings in the 2007 case study show that the method is useful, but in need of improvements and further validation. The present paper employs the method in a second case study. The contribution in this paper is thus a second test and validation of the proposed method, and useful method improvements for future use of the method.
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| 8. |
- Loiske, Vesa-Matti, 1952-
(författare)
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The village that vanished : The roots of erosion in a Tanzanian village
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the village'of Citing in the northern highlands of Tanzania, the factors: social stratification, land tenure, production strategies, investment patterns and the economic uncertainties of society are studied and their relationship to land degradation is examined. The main assumption of the study is that the causes of land degradation are so complex that a methodology that emphasises contextualisation has to be used. A methodological framework that considers inter-linkages between all these factors is developed and tested. The result of the test shows that contextualisation gives a more in-depth and complex explanation than conventional, positivist research. The study gives a detailed account of the relationship that various wealth groups have to land and land degradation in the village. It is found that all wealth groups are destructive to the land but in varying ways. The rich farmers are over-cultivating land marginal to agriculture, the middle peasants have too many cattle in the village while the poor peasants are so marginalised socially that they hardly influence land management. Those identified as having economic as well as social incentives to maintain soil fertility are the middle peasants, while the rich farmers are shown to be consciously soil-mining the former grazing areas.
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