| 1. |
- Bramsen, Jesper B., et al.
(författare)
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A large-scale chemical modification screen identifies design rules to generate siRNAs with high activity, high stability and low toxicity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 37:9, s. 2867-2881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of chemically synthesized short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is currently the method of choice to manipulate gene expression in mammalian cell culture, yet improvements of siRNA design is expectably required for successful application in vivo. Several studies have aimed at improving siRNA performance through the introduction of chemical modifications but a direct comparison of these results is difficult. We have directly compared the effect of 21 types of chemical modifications on siRNA activity and toxicity in a total of 2160 siRNA duplexes. We demonstrate that siRNA activity is primarily enhanced by favouring the incorporation of the intended antisense strand during RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading by modulation of siRNA thermodynamic asymmetry and engineering of siRNA 3'-overhangs. Collectively, our results provide unique insights into the tolerance for chemical modifications and provide a simple guide to successful chemical modification of siRNAs with improved activity, stability and low toxicity.
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| 2. |
- Kaur, Puneet, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and hospitality sector: Charting new frontiers for restaurant businesses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 144, s. 1234-1248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a key theme of discussion and focus in all debates regarding the need for business enterprises to function in a manner that is responsive and sensitive to the needs of their communities and society. Academic research has also kept pace with the rising industry interest. The literature on CSR has grown appreciably, offering important insights that scholars must collectively evaluate if they are to inform theory and practice. Appreciating the value of such an endeavour, the present study utilised a critical systematic literature review (SLR) to analyse the literature published on the role of CSR in the restaurant sector from 2004 to 2021. The SLR was executed, first, by identifying relevant studies using a clearly defined search protocol. This process resulted in 67 studies. Subsequently, a content analysis we performed on these studies to delineate thematic areas of research. Based on the stakeholder perspective, two main themes and six sub-themes of research related to individual, organisational and societal levels were identified. In addition, the content analysis also identified crucial research gaps, providing the basis for a future research agenda and the development of a research framework for the reference of scholars and practitioners. The findings of the SLR provide valuable insights that can support efforts currently underway to strengthen CSR in the restaurant sector.
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| 3. |
- Kawaguchi, Shin-ichi, et al.
(författare)
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Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling of organic tellurides with alkynes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 52:32, s. 4120-4122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkyl aryl tellurides and a tellurol ester were used as coupling partners in Pd(0)-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions. Microwave-assisted reactions of alkyl aryl tellurides with alkynes in the presence of Cut and catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh(3))(4) produced alkynyl arenes. Similarly, a tellurol ester on reaction with alkynes afforded alkynyl phenyl ketones in the presence of Cut and a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh(3))(4) at room temperature.
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| 4. |
- Madanaguli, Arun, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental sustainability in restaurants. A systematic review and future research agenda on restaurant adoption of green practices
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 22:4-5, s. 303-330
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adverse impact that restaurants have on the environment has received widespread attention in the last decade from both practice and academia. The current study aims to find, catalog, and synthesize the research body addressing green issues in the restaurant industry. We utilize the systematic literature review method to identify and analyze 68 research articles addressing environmental unsustainability problems in the restaurant industry. The research profile identifies the time trends of publication, key journals, countries studied, methods used, and restaurant types discussed in these studies. The results indicate that green restaurant research has grown exponentially recently and is now past its infancy. Through a detailed qualitative content analysis, we uncover five key thematic foci: stakeholders and their roles, sources of environmental unsustainability, green initiatives adopted by restaurants to address environmental unsustainability, outcomes of adopting green practices, and various ways of measuring greening practices. Research limitations and gaps of each of the themes are presented, with potential future research questions proposed for each gap. We then summarize the results of our review in a green restaurant ecosystem research framework.
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| 5. |
- Madanaguli, Arun Thirumalesh, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic literature review on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and hotels: past achievements and future promises in the hospitality sector
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 23:2-3, s. 141-175
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study offers a comprehensive and critical systematic literature review (SLR) alongside an analysis of recent literature regarding the significance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the hotel industry.The study utilizes the SLR method to consolidate the relevant literature on CSR initiatives in the hotel industry context. Content analysis led to the identification of 100 pertinent studies, which contributed to the formation of diverse research themes, identification of research gaps, exploration of potential future research paths, and the creation of a research framework. The five thematic areas of research are the role of (1) employees in CSR initiatives, (2) customers in CSR initiatives, (3) CSR and business performance, (4) CSR and reporting, and (5) CSR and sustainability. The findings are synthesized into a hotel-based CSR research framework. By providing valuable insights on strengthening CSR in the hotel industry, this study is one of the first SLR study that focuses explicitly on CSR in hotels and will be valuable for both practitioners and researchers.
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| 6. |
- Srivastava, Puneet, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A radical cyclization route to cyclic imines
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4039 .- 1359-8562. ; 51:8, s. 1149-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel route to cyclic imines based on 5-exo radical cyclization is explored. The radical precursors are imines prepared from allylamine and readily available alpha-phenylselenenyl ketones.
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| 7. |
- Srivastava, Puneet, 1973-
(författare)
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Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation via Radical Cyclization and Transition Metal Catalysis
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Free radical cyclization methodology has been used extensively in synthesis for manipulation of complex molecules such as alkaloids, terpenes, carbohydrates, peptides and nucleic acids. The methodology has emerged as a result of work by physical organic chemists who determined rate constants for the most common radical reactions used in organic synthesis. A novel route to cyclic imines based on 5-exo radical cyclization was explored. The radical precursors were imines prepared from allylamine and readily available a-phenylselenenyl ketones. The synthesis of conformationally constrained bicyclic nucleosides is also reported using 5-exo and 6-exo cyclizations of hexenyl and heptenyl radicals in thymidine nucleosides. The nucleosides were incorporated in a 15mer antisense oligonucleotide via solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. The AONs with the modifications were tested for target affinity and stability and compared with the well known LNA modified AONs. The thesis discusses the unique qualities of these novel molecules and presents them as potential candidates for antisense therapeutic agents. Keeping up with the theme of intramolecular carbon-carbon bond formation, microwave induced carbodechalcogenation of chalcogenoanhydrides was explored. Poor generality in these reactions made us turn to transition metal catalysis for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions using alkyl aryl and diaryl tellurides as coupling partners.
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| 8. |
- Srivastava, Puneet, et al.
(författare)
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Five- and Six-Membered Conformationally Locked 2‘,4‘-Carbocyclic ribo-Thymidines : Synthesis, Structure, and Biochemical Studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 129:26, s. 8362-8379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two unusual reactions involving the 5-hexenyl or the 6-heptenyl radical cyclization of a distant double bond at C4' and the radical center at C2' of the ribofuranose ring of thymidine have been used as key steps to synthesize North-type conformationally constrained cis-fused bicyclic five-membered and six-membered carbocyclic analogues of LNA (carbocyclic-LNA-T) and ENA (carbocyclic-ENA-T) in high yields. Their structures have been confirmed unambiguously by long range iH-13C NMR correlation (HMBC), TOCSY, COSY, and NOE experiments. The carbocyclic-LNA-T and carbocyclic-ENA-T were subsequently incorporated into the antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to show that they enhance the Tm of the modified AON/RNA heteroduplexes by 3.5-5 °C and 1.5 °C/modification for carbocyclic-LNA-T and carbocyclic-ENA-T, respectively. Whereas the relative RNase H cleavage rates with carbocyclic-LNA-T, carbocyclic-ENA-T, aza-ENA-T, and LNA-T modified AON/RNA duplexes were found to be very similar to that of the native counterpart, irrespective of the type and the site modification in the AON strand, a single incorporation of carbocyclic-LNA and carbocyclic-ENA into AONs leads to very much more enhanced nuclease stability in the blood serum (stable >48 h) as compared to that of the native (fully degraded <3 h) and the LNA-modified AONs (fully degraded <9 h) and aza-ENA (≈85% stable in 48 h). Clearly, remarkably enhanced lifetimes of these carbocyclic-modified AONs in the blood serum may produce the highly desired pharmacokinetic properties because of their unique stability and consequently a net reduction of the required dosage. This unique quality as well as their efficient use as the AON in the RNase H-promoted cleavage of the target RNA makes our carbocyclic-LNA and carbocyclic-ENA modifications excellent candidates as potential antisense therapeutic agents.
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| 9. |
- Streatfield, P. Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Malaria mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites
- 2014
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 7, s. 25369-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Malaria continues to be a major cause of infectious disease mortality in tropical regions. However, deaths from malaria are most often not individually documented, and as a result overall understanding of malaria epidemiology is inadequate. INDEPTH Network members maintain population surveillance in Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites across Africa and Asia, in which individual deaths are followed up with verbal autopsies.OBJECTIVE: To present patterns of malaria mortality determined by verbal autopsy from INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia, comparing these findings with other relevant information on malaria in the same regions.DESIGN: From a database covering 111,910 deaths over 12,204,043 person-years in 22 sites, in which verbal autopsy data were handled according to the WHO 2012 standard and processed using the InterVA-4 model, over 6,000 deaths were attributed to malaria. The overall period covered was 1992-2012, but two-thirds of the observations related to 2006-2012. These deaths were analysed by site, time period, age group and sex to investigate epidemiological differences in malaria mortality.RESULTS: Rates of malaria mortality varied by 1:10,000 across the sites, with generally low rates in Asia (one site recording no malaria deaths over 0.5 million person-years) and some of the highest rates in West Africa (Nouna, Burkina Faso: 2.47 per 1,000 person-years). Childhood malaria mortality rates were strongly correlated with Malaria Atlas Project estimates of Plasmodium falciparum parasite rates for the same locations. Adult malaria mortality rates, while lower than corresponding childhood rates, were strongly correlated with childhood rates at the site level.CONCLUSIONS: The wide variations observed in malaria mortality, which were nevertheless consistent with various other estimates, suggest that population-based registration of deaths using verbal autopsy is a useful approach to understanding the details of malaria epidemiology.
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