| 1. |
- Anukam, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
-
A review of the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of durable biomass pellets have always been challenged by several factors including the lack of understanding of the mechanism involved in how particles combine to form pellets under standard conditions of the pellet press. This is because contributing factors span several molecular, microscopic, and even nanoscopic levels as biomass undergoes pelleting. The characteristics of the bonds formed between the combining particles and their relevance to the quality of pellets remains vague, no matter how quality is defined. However, even though few researchers have attempted to explain the mechanism of bonding in densified biomass pellets using different theories, none of their hypotheses supports particle bonding from a structural chemistry perspective. There are still no clear explanations which consider the role of molecular structure and the interactions of substances as milled biomass undergo pelleting. In view of these arguments therefore, this review presents an in-depth analysis of a structural chemistry perspective of the mechanism of bonding and the use of additives in densified biomass pellets and helps identify research areas needed to facilitate better understanding of bonding in densified biomass pellets. The status of current research in biomass pelleting, types of materials suitable as additives and their structural characteristics, as well as the current technical specifications of using additives are also discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berghel, Jonas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of relevant data and results from single pellet press research is Mission Impossible : A review
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bioresource Technology Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2589-014X. ; 18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A global increase in the wood fuel pellet market requires knowledge of new biomasses pelleting abilities. As large-scale industrial tests of new materials are costly, tests in e.g., a single pellet press (SPP) are desirable. SPPs have many different configurations and it typically produces one pellet at a time and can give results of its pelletability. This review has surveyed the research that has been carried out of SPPs to ascertain the feasibility of comparing their obtained data and the results. The results show that it is almost impossible to compare the data and results of the various different SPP studies, e.g., some information from the data used was missing, resulting in that only 27 out of 70 papers were comparable. One solution could be the introduction of a common SPP testing method using a determined set of data that enables a reference pellet to be produced in every study.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berghel, Jonas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
From sawdust to pellets. Still a challenge...
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Public Service Review European Union. - : European union. ; :33, s. 398-399
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Berghel, Jonas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lösningarna finns! Är pelletsproducenterna medvetna om problemen?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Bioenergi. - Gävle : Region Gävleborg. - 9789163391262 ; , s. 25-29
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige är inte längre världsledande som pelletsproducent. USA producerar allra mest pellets i världen. Kanada och Ryssland producerar också allt mer pellets. Ingen av dessa länder har någon omfattande inhemsk konsumtion. I stort sett all pellets exporteras och det sker huvudsakligen till Europa. Sannolikt kommer det att leda till att priset på pellets i Europa sjunker, med följd att lönsamheten för svenska pelletsproducenter minskar.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Berghel, Jonas, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of kraft lignin additives on wood fuel pellet quality, energy use and shelf life
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 112:0, s. 64-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2011, the total consumption of pellets in Sweden amounted to 1.9 million tons, which represents an energy value of 9 TWh. The pellets are used in large-scale as well as in small-scale applications, and increased demands on pellet quality are likely to force pellet producers to improve on the pellet properties. One way of increasing pellet quality is by using additives. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to examine kraft lignin as an additive. Pelletswere produced in a small industrial pellet press located at KarlstadUniversity, Karlstad, Sweden, and 1–4% of kraft lignin was added to the pellets. The results indicate that the addition of an increased amount of kraft lignin to the pellets increases their mechanical durability and their lengths. The results also indicate that dry kraft lignin yields pellets with higher durability as compared to wet kraft lignin. The energy demand was unaffected by the increased use of kraft lignin. The general results presented in this paper are useful for producers of lignin, pellet producers and end-users of pellets, who are interested in developing their products and/or improving the production processes.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
